In 1342, the Europeans presented a heavenly horse to the Yuan Dynasty, which was very beautiful and attracted the amazement of the whole country of China
This should be a grand event in the diplomatic history of the Yuan Dynasty:
In the first year of Zhihe (1328), the archbishop of Khan Bali (present-day Beijing) sent by the Roman Catholic See, Mongovino, died, and in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1336), the Alans of the Yuan Dynasty wrote a letter to Benedict XII (papal lineage, indicating the office of the pope or bishop of the central missionary government system of the Roman and Catholic Churches that he presided over. Benedict XII, born Jacques Fornier, Pope from 20 December 1334 to 25 April 1342, the 12th French pope and the third Pope of the Avignon See, requested a new archbishop.
In the same year, Tu Timur (the last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Shun of the Yuan) also sent 15 people, including Andrei, a native of Fulang who stayed in China, to visit Europe and write to the Holy See. The Pope of Rome sent a delegation of dozens of people headed by Marinoli to China in the fourth year of Zhizheng (1338), and nearly three years later, he arrived in July of the second year of Zhizheng (1342), and met Emperor Shun in the Temple of Ciren in Shangdu on July 18.
Marinoli presented the Pope's letter and a Franc horse to Timur, "one foot and three inches long, six feet four inches high, with a pure black body and white hooves", which aroused the amazement of the Manchu dynasty.
Emperor Yuan Shun ordered the ministers of the literary attendants to write poems and paintings to remember their pomp and circumstance, such as Jiexi Si's "Tianma Zan", Ouyang Xuan's "Tianma Fu", Zhou Boqi's "Tianma Xingying Production and Preface", Lu Ren's "Tianma Song" and so on. The painter Zhou Lang was ordered to make "Buddha Lang Country Offering Horses", which has been handed down to this day.
Jiexi Sizan said:
Only the dry Bingling, only the house descends the essence. There is a production in the West Pole, and the god horse is difficult to name. He didn't dare to have it, so he retranslated it to court. East foot moon cave, Liang Yong is the scripture. Drink the big river, the river Boping camp. Mo Mo Dahua, the gods greeted him. Four practices of cold and summer, and go to Beijing. The emperor Linxuan, so that the greeting said. The ministers are in the Lang country, and they are limited to the west. Menghua pays tribute, and is willing to return to the Holy Ming. The emperor is humble, and Jiaer is sincere. Mo Yu Chiqi, look forward to Mo Jin. It is not only called its virtue, but also its shape. The tall ruler is six, and the repair is still winning. The color should be Xuanwu, and the feet are long. Looking back at the electric shock, the wind is born. Zhuo Juquan Qi, tiger eye dragon Teng. According to the diagram test style, it has not been enough. Zhou Cheng and eight horses, Xu Yan formed soldiers. Han drove the drum car, Yan Liu Zhongxing. The Emperor is sacred, and there are signs. Guangwu is the teacher, and Mu is full of punishment. Deng Chongjunliang, the foundation of peace. One advance and one retreat, for the country. People before things, Xianning in all countries.
Ouyang Xuan's "Song of Heavenly Horses" said:
The Son of Heaven is benevolent and sainty, and Tianma is from the West Sea. Xuanyun was draped in two jade hooves, and he was more than five feet high. The seven degrees of the ocean body are like flying, and the sea is like thunder left and right. The Son of Heaven Xiao Yu Ci Ren Palace, the wind suddenly came to see Tianma. The dragon's head and phoenix are flying with lightning in their eyes, and there are no 200,000 Han soldiers. Virtuous and self-enviable, Tianma came to the time when Shu Shengping. The Son of Heaven is benevolent and holy and all countries are clear, and the ministers are willing to compose poems and all countries to listen.
Zhou Boqi's "Heavenly Imagination Should Be Made" said:
The flying dragon is in the ten rituals of heaven and today, and the retranslation comes to the court without far.
Chuanzhen Yue tribute is all chaste charms, and the divine horse jumps out of the west depression.
Fu Lang Yuer did not dare to stay, and traveled tens of thousands of miles for four years.
Taking advantage of the summer Luanhe Palace, the ministers played into the palace.
Angang is eight feet tall and great, and the first thirst for black bamboo is ear.
The snow and ink stains the hair in the double hoof county, and the sparse and foggy wind grows the tail.
Zhu Yingcui group Jin Pantuo, square pupils and mirror divine light purple.
Towering straight into the sky, Pan Pi Dan Qi is idle.
The yellow bearded people obey the tricks, and they are as good as the promises.
The ministers prostrate and shout long live, and the early autumn dawn is beautiful.
The nine-fold cave opens the Xuanguan, and the clothes shine brightly.
The painter writes to imitate the wonderful gods, and worships the royal bed to praise the purpose.
Bringing each other to the same place, who dares to talk about it when it is idle? I am extremely ancient, and Shuofang is like ants.
There is no atmosphere in the mountains, there are no waves in the sea, and there is a country that has seen this for a hundred years.
Kunlun Eight Horses are extravagant, and Maoling Dawan is a soldier.
The Holy Emperor does not ask for it, and the arch is inactive and quiet.
People from afar have turned into soil, and the corners of the earth have been like the sky.
The alfalfa west wind is fertile, and the arrogant and arrogant are driven by it.
It belongs to the car year and the two capitals, and the eight luans inherit the magnificent vision.
"Su Yu", "Lin Toe" and music songs, "Yue Pheasant" and "Traveling Mastiff" are all popular.
Nai Zhi is inspired by the real dragon, and Fang Xing's pregnancy show is not occasional.
Gold does not need to build a high platform, and the fashionable handsome smell the wind for a while.
I would like to see Si Shi as the emperor of Xi, according to the picture hexagram to the beginning.
Lu Ren's "Song of the Heavenly Horse" says:
Yu Mu Shizu Zhao Wang traces, by the celebration of the heavens of the great destiny. The great picture of the gods is unattainable, and the Emperor Gonglie has opened it up.
The Quartet is under the upper Pei Liuze, and the saints inherit the achievements. The heir of King Zhe was established as the emperor, and the minister was Shang Yuji.
There are gaps in the etiquette and music system, and the six mansions are all about the surname. The Son of Heaven is holy in Zhaogong, remembering the emperor's ancestral heart.
The sun and the moon are the same as the earth of tomorrow, and the poor land of the peerless region returns to the edition. The contribution of all countries is full of years, and Chen Yao is strange and ugly.
How can it be necessary to levy the war and revolution, and Wen Huaiyuan will surrender to the people. On the day of mid-autumn, Tianma came to the country of Franco.
The country of the Buddha is in the western region of Miao, and the quicksand is separated by seven seas. The waves are crossing, and the horses are upside down.
The east over the moon cave has returned to the Hui, and the land is not barren and thousands of miles red. The snow in Taihang is as slippery as a stone, and the lightning thunder is rushing.
After four years, he went to the country and arrived in Beijing, and bowed his head to the court. The emperor saw that the distant ministers were stunned, and they gave condolences to wine and silk.
The distant minister led the horse and stood red, and the head of the golden bond was Zhu Khan. Fang Xing droops and is colorful, and the meat is majestic and horizontal.
Those who worship the ruler have six repairs and one zhang, and the ink is like a cloud and two white. The sky is idle, and the horses are easy to come.
It is not enough to be bent, and the great Wanworis is with the enemy. King Mu traveled with eight horses, and there were not many poor soldiers in the Han Dynasty.
Tianma has always been virtuous, and Shi Chen's praise will never be lost. Worship the poems again, as if the emperor loves the virtuous as he loves things.
More Zhao Shan Lin visited the relics, and □□ the governance of Qi Yaori. The emperor will always protect Zhenji, and the Son of Heaven will live forever and be blessed.
Zhou Lang's "Franc Country Offering Horses":
It is very rare for a horse, although it has the order of the emperor, to make the literati sing the horse with such high enthusiasm. This illustrates at least a few things:
1. Before the Yuan Dynasty, the literati had never seen "Tianma", because they had not seen it, so they felt fresh and sang about it. It also illustrates the rationality of the emperor's orders from the side.
2. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was no literary prison, and the cultural environment was relatively relaxed, so poetry could be used to express people's aspirations, and "words are the voice of the heart" through it. What's the voice? It is: the country is strong, the people are proud, the literati of the Yuan Dynasty used Tianma to praise the strength of their country, and used Tianma to express a kind of Chinese people's satisfaction with the country's strength and obedience to the people of the Quartet, and through the love of horses, the worship of horses to achieve the deification of horses, and express their praise for the great unification.
3. The envoys of the Franc Kingdom traveled thousands of miles to bring precious heavenly horses to offer. This shows that the Yuan Dynasty, as the largest country in the world at that time, its strength has been recognized by the world.
4. The ruling class of the Yuan Dynasty was a horseback people, they loved horses, valued horses, and even couldn't do without horses. The fact that horses were made as tributes by strategic materials and inscribed poems by literati shows that the Silk Road was the most important passage for civilization and trade between the East and the West, and that people longed for peace on this road and for promoting common prosperity through peace.
Today, in the face of this historical event, the first thing people need to understand is where is the country of the Buddha who sacrificed the horse? China and mainland Europe are separated by thousands of mountains and rivers, but the mutual communication between the two places was realized as far back as the Han and Jin dynasties, and the "Great Qin" in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty refers to the Roman Empire itself. After that, in the Sui and Tang Dynasty documents, such as the Book of Sui and the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, the word "Fu La" appeared, and Tang Xuanzang's "Tang Dynasty Western Regions Records" was called "Fu Yi", according to the analysis of linguists, the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, its original text was Byzantium, and then through a certain language in Central Asia (such as Persian, Sogdian, Tocharian and the like) into Frōm or Phuran, and then transliterated into Chinese Whisk.
It is recorded in the "New Tang Dynasty Book Biography": "Fu La, the ancient Great Qin, lived in the West Sea, and was called the West Sea Country. Go to Beijing for 40,000 miles in the west of Tomo, the Turkic Khazar Department in the north, the sea in the west, the city of Chisan, and Persia in the southeast. The place is 10,000 miles, the city is 400, and the army is 1 million. "Its north is the Turkic Khazar Empire, and the southeast is bordered by the Persian Empire, and geographically it is indeed the Eastern Roman Empire.
According to the pronunciation of the Yuan Dynasty documents, many people suspected that the Lang Kingdom was the Franks, but experts found that the Lang Kingdom had the following characteristics: its location was "in the extreme west of the Hui Dynasty", and "day and night", which was very similar to the polar day phenomenon in the Arctic region, and "the wild mice came out of the burrow, it was the evening", which was a group of lemmings from the underground habitat before the Arctic region entered the "polar night"; second, "it has been three years since the mainland reached Shangdu", and the road is far away; The third inhabitants were supposed to be Caucasian, "the women were quite beautiful, and the men were blue-eyed and yellow-haired", so it was judged that the country was the ancient Finland of the Nordic region, and Finland was homonymous with Fulang.
That is to say, Emperor Yuan Shun's reception of the envoy of the Fulang State in Shangdu should be the ancient Finland in the Nordic region.