Do you know what sinkholes there are in China? Here are a few of them to introduce.
1. Xiaozhai Tiankeng: Located in Xiaozhai Village, Jingzhu Township, Fengjie County, Chongqing City. It is the largest "funnel" found in the world at present, with a ground elevation of 1331 meters, a depth of 666.2 meters, a diameter of 622 meters at the mouth of the pit, a diameter of 522 meters at the bottom of the pit, and a volume of about 120 million cubic meters. Xiaozhai Tiankeng is an important example of the evolution history of the Quaternary of the earth, known as "the first pit in the world", and is also a "living fossil" of the origin of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. The cliffs at the mouth of the sinkhole are on all sides, such as axes and knives, which are magnificent and magnificent; The rock patterns on the cliffs are of strange color, and there are several hanging springs at the bottom of the pit. There are countless unfathomable caves and a surging dark river in the pit, which is evaluated as "the world's first-class magical cave group".
2. Dashiwei Tiankeng: It is located in the north of Shujiao Village, Tongle Town, Leye County, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and belongs to the Dashiwei Tiankeng Group. The vertical depth of the Dashiwei sinkhole is 613 meters, the length is 600 meters from east to west, the width from north to south is 420 meters, and the volume is about 80 million cubic meters. The underground primeval forest at the bottom of the pit covers an area of 96,000 square meters, ranking first in the world, ranking second in depth and third in the world in volume.
3. Wulong Houping Tiankeng Group: Located in Wulong Houping, Chongqing, with a total area of 150,000 square meters, there are 5 sinkholes, with a diameter and depth of about 300 meters, all of which are hidden in primeval forests and bamboo forests. It was formed between 2 million and 2.3 million years ago, and is the only sinkhole group in the world formed by surface water erosion. Among them, the Jingkou Tiankeng is in perfect shape, and it can reach the bottom of the Tiankeng through the 3,000-meter-long Erwang Cave, which is rare in the world.
4. Ningqiang Chanjiayan Tiankeng Group: In Chanjiayan Town, Ningqiang County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, with an area of about 120 square kilometers, it is a world-class Tiankeng Group. It is a collection of sinkholes, earth rivers, caves, and canyons, among which 4 sinkholes and 1 large sinkhole are found. The sinkhole complex has been kept intact in its natural state, with dense primeval forests, pure waterfalls, and underground rivers in caves with stalagmites, stone fields and stone pearls scattered along the underground river.
5. Xingwen Tiankeng: Located in Xingwen County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, it is 650 meters long, 490 meters wide, 550 meters in diameter, 208 meters high, oval, its potential is like a knife and axe, cliffs on all sides, the bottom is a collapsed loose accumulation landform, the whole is like a funnel-shaped, the scale ranks in the forefront of the world's karst funnel, and is known as "the world's largest funnel".
6. Longgang Tiankeng: Located in the Longgang Scenic Area of Yunyang County, Chongqing, it is an oval sinkhole with a long axis of 350 meters, a short axis of 170 meters and a depth of 550 meters, which ranks third in China and fifth in the world.
7. Leye Huanglu Cave Sinkhole: It is a part of the Dashiwei Sinkhole Group, 30 kilometers away from Leye County, integrating sinkholes, karst caves, mountains, forests and waterfalls, and has the landscape characteristics of "strange, beautiful, secluded and wild".
These sinkholes have their own characteristics, which not only have unique natural landscape value, but also provide important field investigation sites for the research of geology and other related disciplines. In addition, there are other sinkholes in China, which are not listed in this article, and together they form a rich and diverse landscape of sinkholes.
As for the formation of sinkholes, scientists believe that the water continues to erode the solid bedrock, causing the surface to collapse. The formation of a sinkhole requires at least six conditions to be met at the same time:
1. The limestone layer should be thick: a thick enough rock layer can provide enough space for the formation of the sinkhole;
2. The water level of the underground river should be very deep;
3. The thickness of the aeration zone (which refers to the gap between the undercurrent river and the rock) should be large;
4. Heavy rainfall: make the flow and power of the underground river large enough to wash away the fallen stones;
5. The rock layer should be flat: the rock layer is parallel to the ground, so that the rock layer is easy to collapse;
6. The earth's crust should protrude: The movement of the earth's crust can provide the power for the collapse of rock formations.
In nature, carbonate rocks such as limestone, marble, and dolomite are prone to karst phenomena, and calcium carbonate, which constitutes such rock components, will dissolve into calcium ions and bicarbonate ions under the action of water containing carbon dioxide and be carried away by water. In places where karst is strong, once the cavity formed underground collapses due to the collapse of the top rock layer, it will form the shape of a pit on the surface of the ground if the scale and shape reach a certain level, it can be called a "sinkhole".
In addition, there may be other reasons for the formation of sinkholes, such as human activities (such as excessive extraction of groundwater, mining of minerals, etc.), volcanic activity, meteorite impacts, etc., which may also cause the ground to collapse to form sinkholes.
However, there are many sinkholes on the earth, and most of them do not find underground rivers, or there have been traces of underground rivers. On the contrary, the karst terrain has some specific minerals, especially calcium. Therefore, it is natural to think that the real reason for the formation of sinkholes is related to ancient mining?
For ancient mining, Sumerian clay tablets have a lot of records, and they are specific and direct. The Sumerian civilization was an ancient civilization that originated in Mesopotamia, and the Anunnaki are mentioned in related accounts. The Anunnaki come from a planet called Nibiru, and their planet is experiencing some problems, such as overexploitation that makes gravity not enough to absorb the atmosphere, etc., and urgently needs to mine metals from other planets to solve them. And there are a lot of metal ores on the earth's surface, especially gold.
Gold is a metal that is said to have purifying properties and can even resist cosmic radiation. After a long search, the Anunnaki found Earth 445,000 years ago and sent an expedition to collect the metal.
They may initially do the mining work themselves, but find the work to be very hard and physically harmful. So, they used their genetic technology to combine their genes with the genes of species on Earth to create humans, who would help them with their mining work.
In the Classic of Mountains and Seas, numerous metals are also mentioned. For example, there are many mentions in the book that there are mountains "more gold", such as "Nanci Yijing (Xiyu) Mountain", "Nanci Erjing: Yaoguang Mountain", "Nanci Erjing: Qufu's Mountain", "Nanci Erjing: Fugou Mountain", "Nanci Erjing: Xun Mountain", "Nanci Erjing: Luwu Mountain" and other chapters. For example, "Huwei Mountain, its Yin and Iron Iron" (located in Dayang Town, Zezhou County) shows that in the Spring and Autumn Period, there were historical records of iron mining in the Jincheng area. "The Three Classics of the Northern Times: Yangshan" mentions that "there is a lot of gold and copper under it". And so on and so forth.
At that time, it was impossible for humans to refine and utilize these metals. The Book of Mountains and Seas is a divine tradition. There is every reason to believe that these metallic messages were left for the gods, namely Fuxi Nuwa. Because Fuxi Nuwa's planet passes near the Earth every few thousand years, they can come to Earth to collect these metals.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas does not directly mention calcium, but it mentions other minerals other than metals, such as boshi, chime, ku, shini, etc. Today, I don't know what these stones are, but maybe they include calcium carbonate.
In addition to the emphasis on metals, the Chinese civilization and the Sumerian civilization also have something in common. In Sumerian mythology, Enki is believed to be the eldest son of the god Anu and is also depicted as a "dexterous creator". He and his sister Nyingma are both figures with human heads and snake bodies. And Fuxi Nuwa is also a human head and a snake body, which everyone knows. And they all understand that this is not a coincidence, nor is it some arrangement in the dark, they are of the same origin. Coming from the same place, belonging to the same era, and having the same mission to Earth.
Therefore, the purpose of Fuxi Nuwa coming to the earth is to collect metals. The earliest human beings were born by Fuxi Nuwa in order to obtain labor, and some of the fauna at that time were genetically promoted. There is information about this in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. Another piece of information in the Classic of Mountains and Seas is that Fuxi Nuwa created a large number of gods to govern a much larger number of human beings. So more than 10,000 years ago, there was a large-scale metal mining event on Earth. Of course, it also includes the land of China. Collecting metals involves digging the earth. So these sinkholes, could they be the ore pits left by the mining of metals back then?
Finally, I would like to state that this article is pure speculation, and there is no evidence for half of it. There are many loopholes in the geological community's explanation of the formation of sinkholes, and this paper is a closed-door approach to put forward another way of thinking.
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