Lead
On July 16, 1994, Comet Shoemaker Levi 9 collided with Jupiter, and when it crossed Jupiter's atmosphere, it released energy, and for a while, it appeared like a small sun in the night of Jupiter itself.
There are many anecdotes about this huge energy explosion, and people have speculated about how huge the energy released by this collision was, and how much energy equivalent?
Will Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 penetrate Jupiter?
1. Energy limit.
In late July 1994, when skygazers in Australia and New Zealand discovered a huge "scar" on Jupiter.
Soon professionals observed this "scar", and after some professional analysis and calculation, they came to a conclusion that this black "scar" was formed by the energy released by Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 when it hit Jupiter's atmosphere.
The impact was calculated to bring Jupiter a huge amount of energy of about 6×10^23 tons of TNT equivalent.
With the announcement of this number, attention was immediately drawn to the energy released by Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 when it hit Jupiter.
The diameter of Comet Sumeklevy 9 is about 4 kilometers, while the radius of Jupiter is about 6.91×10^7 meters, the volume difference between the two is too large, and the probability of Jupiter being hit by Comet Smy Klevy 9 is extremely small.
Therefore, the energy released by Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 when it collides with Jupiter is extremely important.
In this collision, Comet Shoemaker-9 released 6 trillion tons of TNT-equivalent energy when it hit Jupiter, which provides a reference for the limit of the energy released by Comet Shoemaker-9 when it hits Jupiter.
So, what exactly does the impact of Comet Shoemaker Levy 9 on Jupiter illustrate?
People usually compare Comet Shoemaker-Levi-9 to Jupiter, and think that Comet Smy Klevy 9 can only enter a small part of Jupiter's atmosphere during its impact with Jupiter, and cannot pass through Jupiter's atmosphere.
And Jupiter was not "burned" to pieces like the Earth.
So, how much can Comet Shoemaker Levi 9 hit?
This is because the amplitude of energy released by Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 when it hits Jupiter is already very large, which is almost the energy limit of Comet Shoemaker-9's impact.
So how does Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 release its energy?
When Jupiter is at night or early in the morning, people can clearly see through telescopes that there is a huge black "scar" on the surface of Jupiter.
These "scars" were formed by the impact of Comet Shoemaker Levi 9 on Jupiter.
When Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 crossed the atmosphere on Jupiter's surface, it was converted into energy due to the tremendous amount of kinetic energy it carried.
Jupiter itself has the thickest atmosphere, its atmosphere is more than 5,000 kilometers thick, and its wind speed on the surface has reached more than 100 meters per second, and as it penetrates deeper into Jupiter's interior, the pressure increases.
Comet Smy Klevi 9 crossed Jupiter's gas layer when it hit Jupiter, and the kinetic energy it carried turned into heat in an instant, which created a huge amount of energy.
So, when Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 hits Jupiter, the energy released is amazing.
When Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 hits Jupiter, it carries a lot of kinetic energy, which also makes it move very fast, which makes it very large in terms of momentum.
It can be said that this is the main reason for the release of energy from Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9.
In addition, Jupiter will also rotate with its atmosphere during its own rotation, and the rotational kinetic energy possessed by Jupiter itself tends to be close to 0 in diameter.
Therefore, in the process of impacting Jupiter's atmosphere, the kinetic energy carried by Comet Sumelevi 9 will be converted into heat energy faster and faster.
That's why Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 released so much energy when it collided with Jupiter.
2. Jupiter's internal structure.
In the solar system, Jupiter is the planet with the largest radius.
Its diameter is about 147,000 kilometers, and the diameter of the Earth is about 12,800 kilometers, which is also very different.
So how big is Jupiter?
What is the size of Jupiter?
Jupiter has a mass of 317.8 times that of Earth, while its density is about 1.33 grams per cubic centimeter.
Jupiter occupies about 1/1000th of the volume of the solar system in the solar system, and its mass accounts for 1/1000th of the mass of the solar system.
Jupiter's mass is huge, its outer atmosphere is very thick, and a year with Earth is equivalent to an average person's day.
Jupiter's interior is compressed by its core, causing the temperature of Jupiter's interior to rise rapidly as it penetrates deeper into the smaller parts of Jupiter's interior.
The difference between 0°C and 300°C is only 300 degrees Celsius, while the temperature of Jupiter's core is more than 10,000 degrees.
However, Jupiter doesn't emit light and heat like the Sun, why is that?
Because Jupiter's main components are hydrogen and helium, these gases are unable to emit light and heat.
The composition of the sun is mainly hydrogen, which emits a high-temperature and high-pressure fusion reaction in the core, and the nucleons that collide with each other release a large amount of energy, and a large amount of energy will become light and heat in the process, so the sun will emit light and heat.
So, Jupiter is a "failed star" that doesn't emit light, but it has a lot of mass.
The planets in the solar system are formed due to the original solar wind of the sun, and with the formation of the sun, a large number of material fragments and gases are produced, which are condensed and formed by gravity.
In the early formation of Jupiter, its main components were hydrogen and helium.
During a collision, because the velocity at the moment of the collision is very large, this converts the kinetic energy of the collision into heat, sound, and other forms of energy.
Therefore, Jupiter's formation process is the same, and its helium and hydrogen gas collide with huge energy.
As a result, Jupiter has a huge amount of energy inside, and the temperature of these energies in Jupiter's interior rises dramatically, and it is precisely because of these energies that Jupiter's core has extremely high temperatures.
Jupiter's interior is very complex, and its internal structure is composed of gaseous, liquid, and solid layers.
In the interior of Jupiter, it is divided into two parts: the outer core and the inner core.
Jupiter's outer core is mainly composed of liquid hydrogen and helium, while its inner core is metallic hydrogen.
Jupiter's outer core is about 40,000 kilometers in diameter from the surface down, but it may be smaller if you look down from the interface between metallic and liquid hydrogen.
Above the metallic hydrogen layer is the ocean of liquid hydrogen, which can be about 5,000 kilometers thick, and it is also Jupiter's largest ocean in the universe.
The metallic hydrogen layer may have a thickness of 44,000 kilometers, it is at a temperature of 20,000 to 30,000 degrees Celsius, and the pressure is 20~40 megapascals.
The density of metallic hydrogen is 4~5 grams per cubic centimeter, and the density of metallic hydrogen may also be greater than that of water, which is caused by the characteristics of Jupiter's interior.
So, how is the metallic hydrogen inside Jupiter formed?
Metallic hydrogen is mainly due to the production of hydrogen molecules in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and the internal temperature of Jupiter is as high as 5~30,000 degrees.
At this temperature, hydrogen is ionized, that is, the hydrogen molecule is broken up The atom in a molecule has one electron, but in the process of ionization, the atom is positively charged and the electron is negatively charged.
This makes the metallic hydrogen inside Jupiter produce, and Jupiter already has the process and characteristics of ionization in the process of formation.
The diameter of Jupiter's core is about 1,400 to 24,000 kilometers, that is, the diameter of Jupiter's core is 1~2 times that of the Earth.
The mass occupied by its core is 1/12 of Jupiter, 15~40 times that of the earth, its density is 30~48 g/cm³, and the stone in the geology is 2~10 g/cm³, which is very different from the earth, and the density of metallic hydrogen is about 10 g/cm³.
Jupiter's internal structure is very complex, because the temperature inside Jupiter is extremely high, and during its rotation, there will be differences in speed for different compositions of matter.
In the process, Jupiter's interior material flows and a magnetic field is generated.
Jupiter's magnetic field is very strong, its magnetic field can be 10 high 9 to 10 high 10 gauss, and Jupiter's magnetic field is one of the most powerful in the solar system.
3. Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 hits Jupiter.
On July 16, 1994, Comet Smy Klevy 9 generated tremendous energy when it hit Jupiter.
In 1992, a rare comet was discovered from a telescope in the Cape Town Observatory at around 1:15 a.m. GMT.
During the impact of Jupiter on this comet, it also attracted the attention of the world.
Comets are ancient planets that were created during the formation of the solar system, and comets are usually made up of dust and ice.
In the core of the comet, the vaporization of the ice crust creates an "atmosphere" of water and organic matter.
The size of the comet's core is relatively small, but it is easy to see in the tail of the comet due to the large amount of material thrown off.
Comet Shoemaker Klevy 9 is an extremely rare type of comet that appears because of a comet that flew out of the Oort cloud, initially due to the gravitational pull of the Sun, which formed an elliptical orbit between it and the Sun.
During this period, Comet Shoemaker-Levi-9 also emitted rare "air tails" and "dust tails" due to the sun's illumination, which also made it of great interest on July 16, 1994, when Comet Smy Klevy 9 was preparing to hit Jupiter.
The energy of Comet Shoemaker-Levi-9 striking Jupiter is about 6×10^23 tons of TNT equivalent, and this figure is calculated by reference to the mass, velocity and mass of Jupiter for each comet.
During this time, Comet Shoemakerklevy 9 released enormous energy during its impact with Jupiter, even though Comet Shoemakerklevy 9 was made up of ice.
It also makes it very bright in the process.
It also shocked people to see the amount of energy released by the impact of Comet Shoemaker Levi 9 on Jupiter.
So how much energy can be released when Comet Smy Klevy 9 hits Jupiter has also become a reference, and such a large amount of energy release event is very rare.
epilogue
The huge energy released by the impact of Comet Shoemaker Levi 9 on Jupiter is also a code, and it is also a reminder for phenomena such as celestial impacts.
Therefore, for how to prevent the impact of celestial bodies, it is also necessary to do a good job of cohesion and correspondence to reduce collision events, which is also for space junk and other celestial bodies