The frequency of anesthesia in clinical practice is very high, but many people do not know the relevant knowledge of clinical anesthesia, and there is still a fear of clinical anesthesia, which affects the patient's cooperation with anesthesia and surgery. Yangshengjun will popularize the relevant knowledge of clinical anesthesia, hoping to better protect the safety of patients.
What is anesthesia? 】
Anesthesia can make the patient lose pain sensation in the whole body or part of the body through drugs, create good conditions for the operation, so that the patient can complete the operation in a safe and painless situation, and better ensure the smooth completion of the operation. In addition to being used during surgery, anesthesia can also be used for symptoms such as intensive care, emergency resuscitation, and pain treatment.
Image Credit: Dr. Curious
[Anesthesia is more common in clinical practice]
01
Inhalation hemp
This kind of inhalation anesthesia can treat volatile anesthetic or anesthetic gas with an anesthesia machine through the human respiratory system and enter the human blood, which can play a role in inhibiting the central nervous system and is a general anesthesia method.
Inhalation anesthesia is an effective way to implement general anesthesia, which has a small amount of metabolism and decomposition in the body, and most of them will be discharged from the human lungs with breathing, which is relatively high in controllability, safety and effectiveness.
02
Intravenous anesthesia
The anesthetic bottle is injected into the human body intravenously, and with the help of blood circulation, it acts on the nerve center, so that the patient has the effect of general anesthesia. Intravenous anesthesia has a powerful anesthetic effect and can have an anesthetic effect in a short period of time.
Its division is carried out according to the mode of administration, which can be divided into single injection, fractional injection, continuous injection, controlled infusion, etc.
03
Compound anesthesia
By using several different drugs on the human body in different ways, patients can achieve the effect of general anesthesia. This technique of taking two or more forms of anesthetic drugs to allow patients to achieve general anesthesia is called balance anesthesia.
The benefits are that the quality of anesthesia is better, the anesthesia process can be effectively controlled, the safety of patients is ensured, and the medical costs can also be reduced, which has good results.
【Indications for anesthesia methods】
Anesthesia methods can usually be divided into four categories, namely general anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia, nerve block, local anesthesia, etc., and different anesthesia methods have different forms and operation methods.
Local anesthesia is usually used for some minor surgeries on the body's surface.
Image source: Tencent Medical Codex
Nerve block anesthesia can be used for upper and lower extremity surgery.
Neuraxial anesthesia is the injection of anesthetic into different levels of the spinal canal to ensure that the patient can lose pain in the plane of the surgical area, so that the operation can be completed smoothly, this part includes epidural, spinal anesthesia and a combination of both.
Image source: Tencent Medical Codex
General anesthesia is more complex, usually using intravenous anesthesia, inhalation anesthesia and other methods, so that the patient can lose consciousness, suitable for some poor time, more complex surgery, the anesthesiologist needs to be able to observe the patient's vital signs throughout the process, and deal with emergencies at any time.
【Preparation measures for patients before anesthesia】
01
Do a good job of psychological work
During anesthesia, many patients are nervous due to the unknown surgery and the fear of disease. At this time, it is necessary for patients to strengthen communication with doctors, inform doctors of their doubts and anxieties, and establish a good trust mechanism to provide a good foundation for the success of the operation.
02
Follow the instructions and be well prepared
Before the patient undergoes surgery, the anesthesiologist usually visits the patient in the ward, and the patient needs to inform the doctor of the relevant information such as the drugs he has recently taken, whether he is in the menstrual period, whether he has fever symptoms, whether he is allergic to things, etc., so that the hospital can prepare for surgery and anesthesia according to the actual situation of the patient, so as to reduce the risk during the operation.
03
Prepare your diet
Patients receiving general anesthesia or semi-anesthesia need to do enema before receiving anesthesia, fasting 6 to 8 hours in advance, and fasting water for 4 hours to avoid regurgitation during surgery, which will lead to aspiration and pose a threat to the patient's life. At the same time, according to the patient's surgical condition, the patient's diet and drinking time should be adjusted one day in advance.
Before entering the operating room, you need to remove your dentures, hand over your valuables to your relatives for safekeeping, and put on your operating room clothes and hats.
【Measures for post-anesthesia care】
Because surgery and anesthesia can affect the normal physiology of the body, it is necessary to send the patient back to the recovery room after the operation, and then send the patient back to the general ward after the patient's vital signs return to normal.
If the patient is in critical condition, he or she needs to be taken to the intensive care unit as soon as possible to avoid the threat to the patient's life.
After anesthesia, some patients may have nausea, vomiting and other reactions, or unstable blood pressure, postoperative pain, etc., in the face of this situation, patients do not need to be nervous, this phenomenon is a more common phenomenon after surgery. Through antiemetic, blood pressure control, analgesia, etc., patients can smoothly pass the acute phase of surgery and help patients recover their health as soon as possible.
I hope you understand anesthesia
It will reduce the fear of anesthesia
Lay a good foundation for follow-up treatment
In addition to the annotation, the picture is contributed by the department, if there is any infringement, please inform us to delete.