Yang Shen and Wuge
Yu Xiaoqu
Abstract: Yang Shen was born in a scholarly family, and his life with a good example accompanies his healthy growth. His integrity is prominently manifested in courtesy, righteousness, filial piety, governing the country, safeguarding orthodoxy, disseminating and carrying forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and safeguarding the unity and unity of the Chinese nation. He took the initiative to break the rules for promotion along the way, and finally achieved his champion and embarked on the road of governance; However, the most influential and tragic exception for him was the engorgement of the Yunnan border until his death due to the "Great Rites Discussion" incident, which was a passive exception of last resort; The historical achievements made after the passive exception are typical representatives of the history of the Chinese nation that still kept the rules after the passive exceptions, and then re-established the rules and made great achievements after the passive exceptions. His promotion is mainly manifested in the improvement of his studies and knowledge, and finally he has become an "encyclopedic" figure who promotes the integration and development of various ethnic cultures and Han culture in Yunnan. From Yang Shen's important contributions, we can examine his great achievements in the history of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese scholarship, and the history of Chinese imperial examinations.
Keywords: Lige, Keeping, Breaking, Upgrading, Chuangge
The five-grid culture is the largest pattern of life and career built around the five aspects of standing, keeping, breaking, upgrading and creating. By combing the five-grid relationship between people and people, people and society, and people and nature, from standing, keeping, breaking the exception, upgrading to creating a grid, we can establish the consciousness of the five grids, and quantitatively examine people's cognition, so as to subtly transform from hindsight to prophetic awareness, and realize the maximum pattern of self and self-participation at all levels, links and aspects, so as to maximize the overall pattern of life and career.
Below, we combine the above-mentioned five-grid cultural concepts to examine Yang Shen's life process and explore the enlightenment left to us by Sheng'an culture.
Yang Shen (1488.12.8—1559.8.8), the word is used to repair, the first name is Yuexi, Sheng'an, also known as Yi Shishi, Bonan Shanren, Dong Tianzhen Yi, Yunnan Shushi, Jinma Biji Veteran, etc. He is a native of Xindu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, and his ancestral home is Luling (now Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province). In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, he was a scholar, a writer, a thinker, and a calligrapher. The head of the three talented sons of the Ming Dynasty (Yang Shen of Sichuan, Xie Jin of Jiangxi, and Xu Wei of Zhejiang), the son of Yang Tinghe, a scholar of the Ming Dongge University and the first assistant of the cabinet. ①
1
Yang Shen and Lige
Lige is the foundation of life growth and career development, what kind of personality you have, what kind of life you will have. According to the humble book "Five Grid Culture", "Lige is to cultivate or establish the norms to be followed at all stages, links and levels of life and career. To have a pattern in life and career, first of all, we must establish a grid, establish a body four grids, and establish a career standard. Lige is the foundation and premise of life and career, and Lige is good, and life and career will be healthy and upward. ”②
Yang Shen was born in a scholarly family and an official family. Great-grandfather Yang Mu served in the history of Yongning, Guizhou, grandfather Yang Chun once served as a pedestrian Si Si Zheng and Hu Guangti Xueshi, father Yang Tinghe, third uncle Yang Tingyi are all Jinshi, second uncle Yang Tingping, fifth uncle Yang Tingxuan is also a person, especially his father is still the first assistant of the cabinet, naturally has a good example of life with its healthy growth. The following is briefly explained from four aspects: the character of education and growth, the character of family and country feelings, the character of honesty and integrity, and the character of future generations.
Establish a character for educational growth. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty (1488), Yang Shen was born in Beijing. The Yang family's family education originated very early, starting from the great-grandmother Xiong, the Yang family has always insisted on the teaching of the children in the family with strict family education, and established itself with the proverbs of the sages. Yang Shen has been influenced by a good family education since he was a child, and his mother Mrs. Huang has strict requirements for him, Yang Shen's mother taught him to read when he was young, and it is recorded in the history books: "Mrs. Mother taught him to read sentences, and taught him Tang quatrains, which were recited." He also used the pen tube to print the paper to make a circle, so that the official book words in it, and the mother and wife said: 'Although I do not know how to read, then this is a good self-respecting'. Since then, the public has been dedicated to reciting, and has not gone out of the outdoors." (3) To the effect that when he was 7 years old, Yang Shen's mother taught him to read sentences and quatrains of the Tang Dynasty, and until he memorized them, he would not leave the house.
At the age of 11, Yang Shen was able to compose near-body poems. When he was 11 years old, Yang Shen's grandmother Ye passed away, and he returned to Shu with his father for the first time in Beijing, and was able to imitate Jia Yi's "On the Passage of Qin" in the Western Han Dynasty as a political treatise. At the age of 12, Yang Shen learned the Book of Changes from his grandfather, and after a three-year mourning period, he returned to Beijing at the age of 15 to continue his studies. Subsequently, he participated in the township examination, the general examination, and the palace examination, until the Jinshi and the first became the champion.
The character of the family and the country. Starting a family is not only a family, but also a need for the inheritance and development of the country. Yang Shen married Wang at the age of 20, died of illness at the age of 31, and married Huang E at the age of 32. Huang E was infertile, and later because of the "Great Discussion" incident, he was confiscated to the border of Yunnan, and in order to create conditions for his son to serve his father, he accepted Zhou and Cao as concubines. According to Wang Yun, a researcher at the Institute of History of the Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences, "The Family Discipline Culture and Its Influence of the Yang Shen Family in the Ming Dynasty" records, "The Yang family educated Yang Shen, in addition to teaching him in reading, writing, writing and writing poems, and paid more attention to the guidance and cultivation of his character." Li Guang (author's note: a famous general and national hero who fought against the Xiongnu in the Western Han Dynasty), Ban Chao (author's note: a famous general in the Eastern Han Dynasty, who followed the famous general Dou Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty to resist the Xiongnu and recover more than 50 countries in the Western Regions), Jia Yi (author's note: a famous politician and writer in the Western Han Dynasty) and Su Shi (author's note: a literary scholar and encyclopedic master in the Northern Song Dynasty) and other people's beautiful and beautiful words, great-grandfather Yang Chun's patriotic and beneficial thoughts, and his father Yang Ting and Yan Ming's upright character all made Yang Shen deeply infected and edified, and thus established his own lofty ambitions. ④
Establish a clean and upright family style. According to Mr. Ni Zongxin, president of the Sichuan Yang Shen Research Association and special librarian of the Sichuan Provincial Museum of Culture and History, Yang Shen has been influenced by the fine family style since he was a child, and his great-grandmother, Mrs. Xiong, left a "fourfold" family motto of diligence and thrift, that is, "the family values practice, the family property is weighted, the family etiquette is heavy, and the family law is education". Yang Shen's grandfather, Yang Chun, taught his sons to "cultivate oneself and be a good family, and I will do my own thing; It is practical to promote the country and the world that the officials can promote" (5), and his father Yang Tinghe also required his clansmen to follow when he was the first assistant. It shows its self-cultivation and family, and the big pattern of the world. Yang Shen also left a testament before his death, and it was the poem "Self-Praise" written when he was 20 years old, "Linli dare not be the first, and the righteousness does not dare to be behind." Forgiveness is not helpful to the cause, but it is necessary to live up to the monarch. This has also become Yang Shen's summary of his life when he was dying, and it is also to warn future generations to follow the spirit of unswerving defense until death. This further demonstrates his supreme ideology of valuing righteousness over profit, acting courageously and open-mindedly.
The Yang Shen family has absorbed the excellent traditional Chinese culture nutrition from the beginning of his great-grandmother, and has been passed down from generation to generation, laying a solid foundation for it to become a big pattern.
Yang Shen's Lige thought, five hundred years later, is still of practical significance, even if it continues to future generations, it will not be outdated, because it itself comes from the best cultural roots of the Chinese nation. Above the tablet of "Yang's ancestral hall" in Xindu, there is still a three-character plaque of "Jingqingtang" written by the Ming Dynasty Jinshi and the famous calligrapher and painter Dong Qichang, which inspires future generations. His descendants have also told and passed on the proverbs of their ancestors from generation to generation, and they have not stopped until now.
Xindu Shengan Ancestral Hall
Moreover, today, according to the "Yang Ancestral Hall", nearly 5,000 square meters have been established, with patriotism, clean government culture and family style and family education and other educational functions of the "Tianfu Family Style Museum", inheriting and carrying forward the good family style of Sheng'an and the excellent family style and family motto of Sichuan historical and cultural celebrities and national leaders. It has become an important base for family discipline, integrity education and patriotism education.
Tianfu Family Wind Museum
2
Yang Shen and Shouge
Keeping the grid, that is, keeping the character that is established. Yang Shen is smart and talented, so he naturally knows how to keep the rules. Throughout his life, his observance was prominently manifested in courtesy, righteousness, loyalty, and filial piety, governing the country, maintaining orthodoxy, disseminating and promoting the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and maintaining the unity and unity of the Chinese nation.
For courtesy, righteousness, loyalty and filial piety. Yang Shen is well versed in traditional Chinese culture, follows family education, and has developed a good moral character. His grandmother died of illness, and he returned to his hometown with his father for 3 years of mourning; At the age of 26, his stepmother Yu passed away, and he returned to Shu at the age of 28. When Yang Shen was 31 years old, his wife Wang died young, and he escorted the coffin to Shu for burial, followed by Huang E, and returned to Beijing at the age of 33; His father was seriously ill in his later years, he was allowed to return to his hometown for a short visit, his father recovered from illness and took Huang E to Yunnan to continue serving for 3 years, and his father died of illness. It is a pity that Huang E is childless, and Yang Shen married Zhou and Cao as concubines to pass on the incense.
Defend the rules for the sake of governing the country. At the age of 30, Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty ignored the government and liked to play around. In response to this behavior, Yang Shen presented a chapter "Ding Chou Feng Shi", accusing Wuzong of "acting rashly and recklessly, and swimming in a non-matter", and exhorted Emperor Wuzong to re-govern the country. (6) In the face of the emperor's inaction against the country, Yang Shen also dared to defy power and speak out, which was the true embodiment of Yang Shen's adherence to his feelings and political ambitions.
In order to maintain the orthodoxy of the dynasty. In the Ming "Great Rites Discussion" incident, Yang Shen's father Yang Tinghe was reduced to the people for maintaining orthodoxy, Yang Shen did not succumb to power and tried his best to participate in the debate, daring to fight to the death, he mobilized his ministers to persuade Emperor Shizong Zhu Houxi (Jiajing) three times, and finally was arrested for unyielding and was arrested by the court staff, and the third time was almost killed by the court staff, at the age of 36. As a result, he was dismissed from the army and exiled to Yongchangwei (now Baoshan) in Yunnan Province for more than 30 years, until he died of illness.
Yunnan Kunming Sheng'an Temple Cultural Relics Protection Plaque
In order to spread the culture of the Chinese nation and maintain national unity. After Yang Shen was exiled to Yunnan, he did not collapse, but took root in Yunnan and vigorously promoted the culture of the Central Plains. In addition to the Yongchangwei (now Baoshan), the footprints are all over Kunming, Dali, Honghe Prefecture, Lijiang, Chuxiong, Yuxi, Qujing and other almost the entire Yunnan, and many places still retain the relics of his lectures. For example, the lecture cave in Kaiyuan County, Honghe Prefecture, and the "South Cave" of another scenic spot; The Fudong Temple where Yang Shen lived in Jianshui County still retains Xiaogui Lake, the only stone carving statue of Yang Shen in Yunnan, etc. According to the research of Professor Qi Hehui of Southwest University for Nationalities, Yang Shen is committed to the cultural education of ethnic minorities in Southwest China, cultivating and educating the children of the gentry and civilians of fraternal nationalities, and personally driving the centripetal force of the middle and lower classes of people of all ethnic groups to the country, stimulating admiration and learning motivation for Chinese civilization, promoting and deepening the cultural identity and psychological integration of all ethnic groups in southwest China, and winning the acceptance and respect of the people of all ethnic groups. (7) It is rumored that there are thousands of his protégés, and there are 7 people who have a great influence on defending and inheriting the Chinese culture, including Yang Shiyun, Li Yuanyang, Zhang Han, Tang Zhu, Wu Mao, Wang Tingbiao, and Hu Shilu, who are known as the "Seven Sons of Yangmen" and famous people in Yunnan Township. Yang Shen appreciated the Tusi Mufu Mugong in Lijiang, Yunnan Province, who loved the Chinese Han culture, and selected and prefaced his poetry collection, and personally wrote the inscription "For the National Cadre City", praising it for the country to garrison the frontier and always maintain the national character.
As a master of historiography, Yang Shen has also been invited many times to help the local history of Chinese studies. According to relevant literature, CCTV's "China in the Classics" and "Yue Jue Shu" also reported, such as researching that the author of the "Yue Jue Book", which is known as the "Geography Ancestor", is Yuan Kang and Wu Ping in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and its results were adopted by the "Siku Quanshu" edited during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and today's "Zhejiang Tongzhi Wu Yue Culture" also adopts Yang Shen's evaluation of Fan Li and Xi Shi. In the twentieth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen was hired by Liu Damo, the governor of Sichuan, to compile the "Art and Literature Chronicles" (64 volumes) of the "Sichuan General Chronicles", when the "General Chronicles" was only 16 volumes, and the 64 volumes of the "Art and Literature Chronicles" compiled by Yang Shen were attached to it, and the other title was "The Art and Literature Chronicles of the Whole Shu"; In the 30th year of Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen was invited by Xie Dongshan, the deputy envoy of the Guizhou Judicial Department at that time (a native of Sichuan Shehong), to write a general preface to the "Guizhou Tongzhi", and tried his best to inherit the Chinese national culture.
In addition, during his exile, Yang Shen returned to his former residence in Xindu many times because of visiting his seriously ill father, or because of the funeral of relatives, or because he was invited to the local history of Sichuan. He either returned to his hometown from Huili in western Sichuan to the first line in Xichang, or from Bijie in Guizhou to Luzhou in southern Sichuan. According to reports, Yang Shen has been in Luzhou more than ten times, especially in Luzhou for nearly ten years, leaving valuable historical and cultural heritage everywhere he went. Today's well-known masterpiece "Linjiang Immortals: Rolling Yangtze River East Passing Water" was created during his exile.
In the meantime, according to the laws of the Ming Dynasty, anyone who has reached the age of 60 can be served by his son, but Yang Shen failed to do so. When Yang Shen was 65 years old, with the help of Mu Chaobi, the Duke of Qianguo, he moved to Shu to live in Jiangyang (Luzhou). Because of the revelation, he was escorted back to Yongchangwei by the governor in the 70th year. Jiajing reigned for more than 40 years, and he did not pardon Yang Shen six times, and he did not give up on himself. This is the embodiment of Yang Shen's noble moral feelings of integrity, adherence to justice, uprightness, and unswerving to death. Yang Shen in Yunnan to get the people's respect and love, many places have built "Sheng'an Temple", the best preserved is Yunnan Xishan "Sheng'an Temple", has been included in the provincial cultural relics protection unit. Others, such as the relics of Yang Sheng'an Temple in Shanyang Town, Yongping County, Dali, Yunnan, Yunnan Baoshan, there was a famous poet Song Xiang who was punctual in Baoshan County, and also built Yang Sheng'an Temple, which shows Yang Shen's status in the minds of the people of Yunnan.
With such a bumpy and difficult fate, Yang Shen still used the poem "Self-Praise" written when he was 20 years old to establish his descendants when he was dying, which is also the noble and upright feelings he adhered to throughout his life.
3
Yang Shen and the exception
Yang Shen's exception is mainly manifested in the initiative to study and the passive exception caused by the "Great Rites Discussion" incident. Yang Shen's path of study was accompanied by the initiative to break the rules for promotion, and finally achieved him to become the champion and embark on the road of governance. Although his marriage was also broken and re-established many times for various reasons, this was due to the feudal system. However, the most significant and tragic exception that had the greatest impact on his life and career was the fact that he was conscripted into the Yunnan border until his death due to the "Great Rites Discussion" incident, which was a passive exception of last resort. Looking at the historical achievements and due status achieved after the passive exception, it is a typical representative of the history of the Chinese nation that still maintains the grid after the passive exception, and then re-establishes the character after the passive exception and makes great achievements.
Re-establishment after passive exceptions. It is reported that after the "Great Rites Discussion" incident, Yang Shen was confiscated into the army of Yongchangwei in Yunnan, and took the Tongjing Avenue: first took a boat from Beijing along the Grand Canal to Nanjing, then sailed along the waterway of the Yangtze River, passed through Jiangsu-Anhui-Jiangxi-Wuchang, Hubei-Wuling (Changde) on the shore of Dongting Lake in Hunan, and then went ashore to transfer to land, Changde-Huaihua-Yuanzhou (Zhijiang)-Xinhuang-Guizhou Kaili-Guiyang-Yunnan Fuyuan-Zhanyi-Qujing-Kunming-Yongchang. (8) On the way to confiscate the army in southern Yunnan, Yang Shen was ambushed and chased by outlaws recruited by his father who were recruited by resentful corrupt officials. Although he did not succeed, he rode a horse for nearly 10,000 miles because of his illness, and was very tired, and when he arrived at Yongchangwei, he almost couldn't recover. After all, Yang Shen escaped the catastrophe of Huangquan's life, and opened the door to rewrite the tragedy of his life.
Yang Shen's new style is mainly manifested in the style of establishing and disseminating inheritance, studying and promoting the excellent Chinese national culture.
Establish the style of spreading and inheriting the culture of the Chinese nation. During the long 30-year exile in southern Yunnan, Yang Shen was not passive and decadent because of the harsh environment. He was determined to establish a new character, educate the party, carefully spread the culture of the Chinese nation, and safeguard national unity and unity. Sending love to the landscape, carefully writing, and repairing the history of the Bai people. He is good at poetry, and everywhere he goes, he often borrows things to express his feelings, sings about the flowers and plants of Biansaiqi, and expresses his political enthusiasm. In the songs, there is his own upright personality and ideals.
Establish a study to promote the character of the excellent Chinese national culture. The long period of exile gave him the opportunity to devote himself to research, and he continued to read a wide range of books, and he was able to write a wide range of works, including essays, lyrics, and prose. His poems were deep in the Six Dynasties, collected from the late Tang Dynasty, and created profound and beautiful words, profound attainments, independent of the atmosphere of the time. (9) There are more than 400 kinds of works, and he has become the first person in the Ming Dynasty to memorize and recite and write richly.
What is even more commendable is that during the exile, Yang Shen still cared about the people's weal and woe and did not forget state affairs. This is fully reflected in his post-exceptional defense.
Defend the grid after passively breaking the exception. Defend the character for the sake of national unity. Although Yang Shen was exiled to southern Yunnan for more than 30 years at the age of 36 due to the "Great Rites Discussion" incident, his career was ruined, which was the biggest exception he was forced to encounter in his life. But he was not passive and decadent because of the ruined career and poor environment. He is still righteous and awe-inspiring in the border areas of the motherland, cares about the weal and woe of the people, and never forgets state affairs. Even though he was 65 years old, when he found that the rich and inferior gentry in the Dianchi area of Kunming colluded with local officials to forcibly occupy people's land, damage the public and private interests, and harm the people, he did not hesitate to write poems such as "Haimen Xing" and "Houhaimen Xing", and urged Zhao Bingran, the governor of Yunnan, to stop it. (10) Today, we are still drawing a red line for the protection of cultivated land in order to protect the country's granary, and Yang Shen did it 500 years ago. Although Yang Shen's character has been broken, his character of conscience is still standing, which is to abide by the character of justice, the character of good government of officials, and the character of the people's family and country
Defend for the unity of the country. Yunnan is the province with the largest number of ethnic minorities in China, and at that time, the feelings of family and country that identified with the big family of the Chinese nation were still very weak, and naturally there was a lack of a deep-rooted sense of belonging to the big family of the Chinese nation and the jurisdiction of the central government, and rebellion was inevitable. Yang Shen was exiled in Yunnan for less than two years, when he heard that An Quan of Xundian and Feng Chaowen of Wuding were in rebellion, and the officials were afraid at that time, Yang Shen, as a "prisoner", led more than 100 people including domestic servants to attack, and defeated the rebels with tactics to quell the rebellion. (11) Afterwards, he also wrote poems to expose the ugliness of the officials at the time of the incident, in order to express their grief and indignation. As a literati, Yang Shen also has the identity of a "criminal minister", and he can take the lead in the crisis of national unity and stand up fearlessly to defend the national unity, which is enough to demonstrate his broad mind of sticking to the national character.
4
Yang Shen and Shengge
Yang Shen's promotion is mainly manifested in the improvement of his studies and knowledge, and finally he has become a great figure who promotes the integration and development of various ethnic cultures and Han culture in the Yunnan border region and the style of "encyclopedia".
The continuous improvement of education. Yang Shen's path to study shows that he is a person who constantly pursues progress. According to historical records, Yang Shen returned to Shu at the age of 20 to enter the county school, and won the third place in the Sichuan Township Examination at the age of 21. But he was not discouraged, continued to study for the exam, and at the age of 24, he won the second place in the Beijing examination, and then the first place in the palace examination. In today's words, it is from the babbling of young children to the postdoctoral level, and every step is the result of continuous improvement. Yang Shen deeply integrated his knowledge of Han culture into the cultures of various ethnic groups in Yunnan, promoted the unity of the ethnic groups, and enriched the treasure house of excellent Chinese culture.
Accumulation and improvement of knowledge. Yang Shen passively broke through the rules in his career, but he took the initiative to break through the rules and rise up in knowledge. It is said that Jian Shaofang (Qing Dynasty), the first person to study Yang Shen, once praised him in the article: "The public family learns from each other, filial piety and friendship, and Yingmin is outstanding, and it is beneficial to be well-versed." All the mysteries of history, the breadth of famous objects in the universe, the subtlety of the novels of the barnyard officials, the details of the plants, trees, insects, fish, and medical skills, all of them are knowledgeable, explain their reasoning, and understand their interests, and make them fallacious." ④
Although Yang Shen was brilliant, his knowledge was improved by studying hard and writing diligently. He not only knows everything about classics, history, poetry, literature, lyrics and music, rhyme, gold and stone, calligraphy and painting, but also has deep attainments in astronomy, geography, biology, medicine, etc. He believes that in order to "know the world", one is to rely on "reading" and gain knowledge from personal experience; The second is to rely on "books" to obtain them from other records and books. Therefore, he not only studied hard and kept his hands on the papers, but also investigated and understood the local customs and folklore everywhere he went, worked hard to learn the local ethnic language, and enriched his knowledge from personal experience and practice. As an expelled minister, he wrote a lot of notes, anthologies and many annotated books when he was in southern Yunnan, relying only on his own hard study, practice and memory, and became a famous polymath and encyclopedic talent in the Ming Dynasty.
Judging from the achievements of Yang Shen's promotion, throughout his life, Qing Jian Shaofang's "Sheng'an Yang Shen Yearbook" said that Sheng'an wrote more than 400 kinds of works in his life, and Professor Qi Hehui believes that his works amounted to 269 kinds (according to Wang Wencai's "Yang Shen Genealogy", and the Sichuan Provincial Library compiled "Yang Sheng'an Writings Catalog", up to 298 kinds), 3132 poems and songs (according to Ni Zongxin's compilation of "Yang Sheng'an Poems"), which has achieved the first legend in the history of academic works. (12) His main works include primary school: "Guyin" Seven Books, "Dan Lead" Zhulu, "Six Books of Bo Zheng", etc., scriptures: "Sheng'an Sutra", "Yi Jie", "Tan Gong Cong Xun", etc., literature: "Sheng'an Poems", "Art Forest Cutting Mountain", "Quatrain Yanyi", "Paintings", "Quanshu Art Chronicles", etc., historical places: "Yunnan Mountains and Rivers", "Nanzhaoye History", etc., poems: "Sheng'an Poetry Collection", "Sheng'an Long and Short Sentences", "Tao Qing Lefu", etc., also compiled: "Ancient and Modern Ballads", "Ancient and Modern Proverbs", "Liqing Collection", etc.
5
Yang Shen and Chuangge
From Yang Shen's important contributions, we can examine Yang Shen's creation, in addition to the great creation of the three major myths of Chinese cultural history, ancient Chinese academic history and Chinese imperial examination history, but also includes the creation of literary and artistic atmosphere, classics, calligraphy and painting.
Professor Qi Hehui of Southwest University for Nationalities believes that Yang Shen's cultivation of the mainstream Chinese culture on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the harvest have directly promoted the identification and centripetal force of all ethnic groups in the southwest border to the Chinese nation and Chinese culture. She said, "Yang Shen created the three major myths in the history of Chinese culture, the history of ancient Chinese scholarship, and the history of China's imperial examinations, and he was a cultural giant of the Ming generation. From the following aspects, we can further see Yang Shen's creative achievements.
The creation of a literary and artistic atmosphere. In view of the shortcomings of the redundant and procrastinating articles at that time, Yang Shen proposed that the rhetoric was still concise and the text wanted to be new. He said that the content and form of poetry should change with the times, and "if the cover remains unchanged, it is not new, and if it is not new, it is not strange." Yang Shen further proposed that "the same ability is better than the victory", and believed that literary and artistic creation should not blindly follow the predecessors, but should continue to innovate and create excellent works of different customs. "The sound is not in line with the public's hearing" and "the treasure is not good for the public", unique and original works can be passed down for generations. He also said, "Under the guidance of this concept, Yang Shen himself has pioneered a generation of trends in many fields." His theories and creations led to a change in the style of poetry in the Ming Dynasty, and Yang Shen's "Twenty-one Historical Bullets" gave birth to a new genre, opened a new generation of voices, and made a pioneering contribution to historiography and literature in modern times. (13)
Yang Shenchuang was the first proofreader of Wenxin Carving Dragon in the Ming Dynasty, which created an atmosphere of systematic research on Liu Xian's literary theory in the Ming Dynasty, and had a very important position and influence in the history of Wenxin Carving Dragon. (14)
Guo Yiyi's discussion on the establishment of Yang Shen's concept of ancient music and his series of works "Ancient Yin" believes that in addition to writing prose and poetry, Yang Shen also has a deep understanding of literature research, and is also one of the pioneers in the study of ancient sound in the Ming Dynasty, with as many as 11 series of works on ancient sound research, which opened up the atmosphere of ancient sound research. His books such as the "Ancient Yin" series, the records of "Dan Lead", and the "Six Books of Bo Zheng" have played a role in the study of ancient music. It is believed that Yang Shen's new attitude towards the interpretation of scriptures put an end to the atmosphere of the Ming generation of scholars inheriting the remnants of the Song people, not seeking the meaning of words and sentences in ancient books, that is, not studying the meaning of words and sentences in ancient books, and only talking about righteousness, which opened up a new road of scripture research for the Ming Dynasty, and also made Yang Shen the founder of ancient phonology in the Ming Dynasty, and its influence was as far as the early years of the Qing Dynasty. (15)
Yang Shen's creation of classics lies in advocating practical learning and opposing emptiness, pointing out the shortcomings of science and mind since the Song Dynasty. Yang Shen commented that it was lofty and lofty, and there were worries such as liè; If you specialize in research, you will have the trouble of losing your roots. Therefore, it is said: "A gentleman learns with respect for virtue." Therefore, the disadvantages of the lofty, its research also, to the six classics as a footnote, to the empty rope as a consistent, predicate the shape of the law are all dogs, audio-visual speech and action is not the principle of life, the so-called high is too big, learn but not real, the world of Zen to learn it. (16)
In addition, Yang Shen also has his own pioneering views on calligraphy and painting, and has written about them. The book theory is mainly found in the "Ink Pond Trivia", "Sheng'an Books", "Fati Divine Items", etc., and the painting theory includes "Sheng'an Paintings" and "Famous Paintings and Divine Items".
6
Yang Shen's pattern
Looking at Yang Shen and Wuge, there is no doubt that he is the great creator of the pattern in the history of Chinese culture. Yang Shenzhi's big picture is not accidental, he has been influenced by his family culture since he was a child, especially his father, as the first assistant of the imperial cabinet, has the power of role model. From childhood to youth, he went from standing up, keeping the grid, breaking the exception, upgrading to creating a style, becoming the champion, all the way up, and realizing the largest pattern of life in the growth stage; Immediately, the official went to Hanlin to revise and lecture on the scriptures, achieving the largest pattern of his political career; In order to protect justice, he was forced to make an exception due to the "Great Discussion Ceremony" incident, and failed to continue to make a big picture for his political career. However, under the ruthless political torture, he made a breakthrough and found another way, deeply cultivated culture, showed his talents, and expanded the pattern of cultural dissemination and inheritance of the Chinese nation, which made future generations more admired!
Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, dozens of influential sages have given Yang Shen a very high evaluation. Two cultural warriors who participated in the creation of New China, Li Yu and Zhang Xiushu, also wrote inscriptions for him. Li Yiyu's inscription praised: "The meritorious work of the temple should be promoted in Yunnan to promote the Central Plains culture, so that the Han culture and the culture of the border ethnic minorities can be combined and integrated, and contribute to the growth of the Chinese nation." Zhang Xiu praised: "I dare to shout loudly: Yang Shen is a rare great philosopher in Chinese history." Professor Qi Hehui summed it up as a great philosopher who contributed to the growth of the Chinese nation.
As the famous writer Jiang Lan said, "Yang Sheng'an is the only champion in Sichuan in the Ming generation." His greater greatness lies in the fact that he never sank when his career was suddenly devastated by a thunderous blow, he rose up, stood in the southwest, looked at the past and the present, and used a sincere heart to dye the mountains and rivers, open up the wilderness, protect justice, and made huge contributions to Chinese philosophy, culture, history, literature, etc. "Yang Sheng'an has a strong view of the root nature of the southwest for 500 years: after thousands of tribulations, it will shine with the sun and the moon." (12)
Exegesis:
(1) Ni Zongxin, "Yang Sheng'an Annals" (I), Beijing, Central Literature Publishing House, 2013, p. 4.
(2) Yu Xiaoqu, "Five Grid Culture", Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House, 2021, p. 23.
(3) Jian Shaofang, Gift Guang Luqing Qianhan Lin Xiu Sheng'an Yang Shen Annals[A].Sheng'an Poetry New Note Certificate (II)[C].Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2008.
(4) Wang Yun, "The Family Motto Culture and Its Influence of the Yang Shen Family in the Ming Dynasty", Chinese Culture Forum, 2018, No. 2.
(5) Ni Zongxin, "Yang Sheng'an Annals" (I), Beijing, Central Literature Publishing House, 2013, pp. 40-42.
(6) Ni Zongxin, The Annals of Yang Sheng'an (I), Beijing, Central Literature Publishing House, 2013, p. 183.
(7) Sichuan View News Editor, "Yang Shen, Ming Generation Cultural Giant", Sichuan View News, July 12, 2017.
(8) Yang Pingyuan, "Landscape of Victory", published by Fuyuan.
(9) Ni Zongxin, "Yang Sheng'an's Poems" (I), Beijing, Central Literature Publishing House, 2015, Yang Shiming, "Preface", p. 2.
(10) Ni Zongxin, "Yang Sheng'an Annals" (middle), Beijing, Central Literature Publishing House, 2013, p. 532.
(11) Ni Zongxin, "Yang Sheng'an Annals" (I), Beijing, Central Literature Publishing House, 2013, p. 305.
(12) Jiang Lan, "Yang Sheng'an: Five Hundred Years of Southwest Vision", cover news, 2019-6-29.
(13) Liu Yunchao, "Yang Shen: Hearing is not as good as seeing, knowing is not as good as doing", Study Times, December 26, 2020, 5th edition.
(14) Liaoning Daily reporter Shang Yue, "Provincial Map Collection of Precious Ancient Books "Liu Ziwen Heart Carving Dragon" - Ming Dynasty writer Yang Shen pioneered the five-color criticism of the famous work", Northeast News Network, 2022-10-28.
(15) Guo Yiyi, "On the Establishment of Yang Shen's Ancient Sound View", Bashu Historical Chronicles, No. 5, 2020, "Sichuan Historical Celebrities" special issue.
(16) Qin Jiming, "Yang Shen's Classical Methods and Academic Changes in the Ming Dynasty", Tianfu New Treatise, No. 2, 2018.
About the Author
Yu Xiaoqu, born in 1965, is a native of Qu County, Sichuan, and lives in Xindu. Graduated from Chongqing Engineering Vocational and Technical College. He has studied at Communication University of China and Sichuan University. He is a member of the Chinese Poetry Society, the Chinese Poetry Society, the Sichuan Writers Association, and the Sichuan Music and Literature Society, the director of the Sichuan Prose Literature Association, the Sichuan Literature and Art Development Promotion Association, and the Sichuan Literature and Art Communication Promotion Association, the president of the Sichuan Poetry Association Rhythmic New Poetry Creation Research Association, the executive vice chairman of the Chengdu Xindu District Writers Association, and the member of the Sichuan Yang Shen Research Association. He has published works in dozens of literary journals at home and abroad and has been selected into a variety of anthologies, published new poetry collections "Inside and Outside the Sight", "Aftermath", and cultural monograph "Wuge Culture".
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Source: Sichuan Provincial Office of Local Chronicles
Author: Yu Xiaoqu