Lead
Ancient Chinese astronomers left many precious documents for future generations through their observation of astronomical phenomena.
It is recorded in the "Yellow Emperor's Neijing": "The Yellow Emperor asked Yu Taiyi and said: The five elements belong to the sky, where is the sky?"
Taiyi replied: "The sky is high, the sky has a circle, the stars sit, where is the end?"
Taiyi explained: "In the air."
At that time, the universe was understood to consist of a celestial sphere consisting of the sun, moon, and stars.
The celestial sphere revolves around the earth, and the stars are the "dots" that move in the sky.
However, in the process of moving, the ancients found that not all of these dots were concentric circles, and some of the trajectories of the stars "deviated" from the celestial sphere.
These "stars and circles eventually deviate" were called "visions" by the ancients.
And these visions were often a relatively valuable way for the ancients to discover astronomical knowledge.
Moreover, the astronomical knowledge that the ancients could observe was far less profound than that of today's people.
A lot of the information obtained by today's astronomical observations would have been frightened if it had been put in front of the eyes of the ancients.
1. Dark matter and dark energy.
The dark matter and dark energy in the universe are different from the energy and matter we are familiar with, which account for 95% of the mass and energy in the universe.
However, until now, the scientific community has been confused about the nature of dark matter and dark energy.
The existence of dark matter and dark energy is based on a series of related physical phenomena exhibited by the universe.
Scientists' research on dark matter and dark energy is expected to change mankind's understanding of the origin and development of the universe.
This is why many astronomers and physicists are so interested in dark matter and dark energy.
The existence of dark matter and dark energy has a profound impact on the origin and evolution of the universe, and may even be the addition of mysterious forces that will change our understanding of the universe.
Dark matter is not composed of electrons, protons, neutrons, etc., and there are many differences from the matter we are familiar with.
Dark matter has a special characteristic of not interacting with light.
Scientists have so far not captured dark matter directly from cosmic dust.
The exploration of dark energy is more difficult to study.
In 1929, the American astronomer Hubble discovered the phenomenon of expanding the universe through observation, which also provided evidence for the Big Bang hypothesis.
Based on this discovery, many scientists at that time introduced a new "dark matter" to explain the role of cooked elements and matter in order to explain this phenomenon.
Dark matter plays an important role in the formation and evolution of galaxies.
As the central black hole around the galaxy rotates, dark matter creates a gravitational field that makes the star more stable around the black hole.
There are two main points of view for the study of dark matter:
One is that dark matter is made up of a new type of particle with a mass size of more than 10^-23 electron volts.
Others believe that dark matter is made up of a strange class of quarks.
In terms of dark energy, it is different from dark matter, which is a kind of matter that defers gravity.
The existence of dark energy was discovered in 1998 by two physicists in the United States by observing supernovae.
Scientists have classified it as a "cosmological constant", also known as dark energy.
But what exactly is dark energy? What is its nature? People don't know anything.
Dark matter and dark energy seem to be independent of each other in the literal sense of the word.
But in the universe, they play a vital role.
Dark matter is mainly affected by gravity, while dark energy has an anti-gravity effect.
In the evolution of galaxies, the role of dark matter and dark energy is self-evident, and it can be said that the two of them are a "magical pair".
In today's astronomical world, few scientists can be expected to unravel the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.
However, scientists continue to make observations and studies to get closer to exploration.
2. Unique galaxies.
In NGC 1277, dark matter is a relatively small percentage, with researchers estimating that it is only 3% dark.
Galaxies with almost no dark matter in the universe are extremely rare.
In the field of astronomy, this is known as a "dark matter satellite".
NGC 1277 is one such strange galaxy that has a very small proportion of dark matter.
In general, galaxies with a relatively high proportion of dark matter can have many times more dark matter than the mass of gas that stars and galaxies interact and fuse.
In NGC 1277, there is almost no dark matter, and the researchers put its proportion of dark matter at 3%, which is extremely low.
In the theory of galaxies, it has a low proportion of dark matter, and its gas and stars are very susceptible to external influences and even collisions between galaxies.
And it has a low proportion of dark matter, so that the star will not experience additional gravitational pull as it revolves around the center, but will open up the possibility of emitting outwards.
In the current observations of the Cosmic Kepler Telescope, the researchers found a supermassive black hole in NGC 1277 with a mass of 2.17x10^10 solar masses.
NGC 1277 has a dark matter mass of 7.5x10^11 solar masses, and the ratio between supermassive black holes and dark matter masses is 3%.
Based on this ratio, the researchers calculated that the mass of supermassive black holes is 59 percent, while the mass of all stars and gases in galaxies is 41 percent.
This ratio is consistent with NGC 1277's dark matter ratio, and it also proves the uniqueness of NGC 1277's dark matter satellite.
In NGC 1277, the mass of a star accounts for about 60% of the mass of the entire galaxy, so the star does not need the additional gravitational pull of dark matter to make a stable orbit around the center of a supermassive black hole at a distance of 1.2 light-years.
This distance is not much different from the distance from the Earth to the Sun, and the researchers believe that the star in NGC 1277 has a stable rotation around the supermassive black hole in the center, which is closely related to the existence of the supermassive black hole.
It is the collision produced by supermassive black holes that tears and devours surrounding stars and gases, causing the surrounding stars to eject and slowly move faster, eventually forming stable galaxies.
Some researchers believe that other companion stars around NGC 1277 once drew mass from it, which also contributed to the fact that NGC 1277 has almost no dark matter.
In NGC 1277, the mass of stars is relatively high, a value that is unique among galaxies.
In the course of their observational studies, the researchers also discovered that one of the characteristics of NGC 1277 is that the stars in this galaxy are all the same age, about 110 million years old.
With the continuous devouring of supermassive black holes, this may become their final foothold, or they may eventually dissipate beyond the light trail of the Earth.
3. The role of dark energy in the evolution of galaxies.
In addition to dark matter, dark energy also plays an important role in the evolution of galaxies.
After the Big Bang, the gases in the universe will accumulate due to gravity until they form cosmic structures such as stars, galaxies, and galaxy clusters.
In this process, gas interacts with dark matter, and the proportion of dark energy in the universe is as high as 70%, and its effect is more obvious.
Between galaxies formed by the combination of gas and dark matter, the gravitational pull of a supermassive black hole causes gas to flow towards the center of the galaxy and be swallowed.
This phenomenon can only be observed in the solar system where ordinary matter works, but it is rarely found in the universe, which also proves that most of the universe is composed of dark matter.
The researchers also noted a close relationship between the supermassive black hole in NGC 1277 and the surrounding gas and dark matter.
In the process of galaxy interaction, a series of physical processes such as gravity, impact, and fusion have a significant impact on the form and consumption of matter in the galaxy.
And these processes are also an important part of the study of galaxies.
In fact, this is not only in NGC 1277, but astronomy's understanding of galaxies is also evolving.
In the process of galaxy interaction, dark matter and dark energy account for a larger proportion, which also has an important impact on the formation of galaxy luminosity.
In NGC 1277, the environment is similar to that of ordinary galaxies, so researchers believe that dark matter and dark energy also play an important role in the formation of galaxies.
epilogue
Dark matter and dark energy are a new state of matter produced in the course of astronomical research.
The existence of these material phenomena will change mankind's understanding of the universe and will be of great significance to mankind's future exploration of the universe.
The presence of anomalies in NGC 1277 has helped researchers to investigate the properties of dark matter and dark energy.