The construction of the 12306 website was questioned at the beginning, but after years of technical architecture optimization, it has now become a high-concurrency and high-performance Internet ticketing system, which has been widely praised.
The initial investment in the construction of the 12306 website was huge, but the system performance was inefficient, and problems such as page crashes and difficulty in purchasing tickets emerged one after another, which were severely criticized and questioned by public opinion. The railway department did not stop there, but gradually solved the problems of high concurrency and high performance faced by the system through the optimization of the technical architecture, and finally successfully created a leading Internet ticketing system, which won praise from all walks of life. This process demonstrates the spirit of perseverance and technological innovation that keeps pace with the times.
At the beginning of the construction of the 12306 website, a huge investment of 300 million yuan was invested, but the system performance was low, the page response was slow, and the ticket purchase operation was difficult. This was mainly due to the fact that the 12306 system was facing more concurrent visits than originally designed to be, and the system was overwhelmed by the large number of users who poured in at the same time during peak ticketing hours.
According to relevant reports, during the Spring Festival in 2012, the average daily number of hits on the 12306 website was as high as 1 billion, but the system architecture and hardware configuration at that time failed to meet such a huge access demand. Due to the large number of concurrent requests concentrated in a short period of time after the start of ticket sales, a series of problems such as excessive load on the order and e-ticket databases, prolonged transaction response time, and congestion of the thread pool emerge one after another. Users repeatedly retry due to long periods of unresponsiveness, further increasing the burden on the system.
In order to solve the problems of high concurrent access and database bottlenecks, 12306 has carried out several rounds of technical architecture optimization, including the introduction of caching, queue peak shaving, database and table sharding, and read/write splitting, which greatly improves the processing capacity of the system.
12306 has developed the remaining vote calculation technology of distributed in-memory computing, which makes the remaining ticket query calculation efficient. At the same time, the asynchronous transaction queuing system was launched, which adopted the core architecture of sales and acquisition separation and read and write separation, which effectively alleviated the concurrency pressure during peak periods. According to reports, during the Spring Festival in 2012, the 12306 website increased its external ticket query capacity by three times by diverting 75% of the query requests to the cache server.
After the optimization of the structure in 2013, the daily sales volume of 12,306 tickets reached 3.64 million, which was more than three times the peak of the Spring Festival in 2012, and the limit trading capacity reached 300 tickets per second. In the following years, 12306 continued to optimize and upgrade to continuously improve the stability and processing capacity of the system.
In 2015, 12306 migrated 75% of its remaining ticket query system to Alibaba Cloud, further improving the performance of the system. In 2018, 12306 was newly revised and launched, adopting a more advanced technical architecture. According to relevant data, in 2020, the 12306 website processed more than 18 billion ticket inquiries on the peak day of the Spring Festival, with an average of 300,000 queries per second.
After years of continuous optimization, 12306 has become a leading Internet ticketing system with high concurrency and high performance, and has been widely praised. The technical road of 12306 is not achieved overnight, but it is through unremitting efforts and innovation that keep pace with the times that it has finally achieved today's achievements.
Industry insiders said that the challenges faced by 12306 are unprecedented, and it is not only necessary to solve problems at the hardware and software levels, but also to optimize the overall architecture. The 12306 team has achieved a technological leap by introducing advanced technology and learning from industry experience, and gradually built a set of efficient distributed architecture. This spirit of perseverance and innovation deserves recognition and appreciation.
Although the construction of the 12306 website was severely criticized and questioned at the beginning, the railway department did not give up, but through years of unremitting technical architecture optimization, gradually solved the problems faced by the system such as high concurrency and high performance, and finally successfully created a leading Internet ticketing system, which won praise from all walks of life. This process demonstrates the spirit of perseverance and technological innovation that keeps pace with the times.