In the previous article, I wrote a travel recommendation about the northern part of Jin, which introduced the Jin Ancestral Hall. However, due to the limited space, the Jin Ancestral Hall is not introduced in detail, this article will introduce the history and culture of the Jin Ancestral Hall to friends in detail, I hope to travel to Taiyuan, want to understand the Jin Ancestral Hall of friends helpful, thank you for your support, like please like to pay attention.
Located in the southwest of Taiyuan City, the capital of Shanxi Province, the Jin Ancestral Hall is the source of Kuching water and a national key cultural relics protection unit. There is no examination of the founding age, and there is a record about the Jin Temple in the "Water Jing Note" written by Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty, indicating that the construction age of the Jin Temple will not be later than the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The existing main building, the Temple of Our Lady, was built in the first year of Chongning (1102 AD) of Huizong of the Song Dynasty, and is a typical architectural work of the Northern Song Dynasty. The fish swamp flying beam in front of the hall is the only existing cross-shaped bridge in the mainland, which is called "this type of stone pillar bridge" by Liang Sicheng, occasionally seen in ancient paintings, and the real thing is only this solitary example, Xun is precious. Zhenguan Baohan Pavilion in the "Jin Ancestral Hall of the Inscription and Preface" tablet was made and written by Tang Taizong Li Shimin, and it is the earliest existing book tablet in the mainland. The statue of the maid of the temple of Our Lady of the Song Dynasty is called the "Three Uniques of the Jin Ancestral Hall". After the large-scale reconstruction of the Jin Temple in the Song Dynasty, it has also been repaired and expanded many times in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and is the most prestigious ancient garden in China.
First, the historical origin of the Jin Ancestral Hall
The Jin Ancestral Hall is the ancestral hall of the Marquis of Jin, which was originally the ancestral hall dedicated to Ji Yu (that is, Tang Shuyu), the founding prince of the Tang State in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. "Preface to the Chronicles of the Jin Ancestral Hall" records: "The victory of the three Jin Dynasty is the most in Jinyang. And the victory of Jinyang is all in the Jin Temple. Who is the ancestral hall? Temple also. What is the one who is called the Jin? The ancestral hall is also at the source of Jinshui. Who is the one who is in the ancestral hall? Tang Shuyu Temple also. Who is Uncle Tang? The son of King Wu of Zhou, the mother and brother of King Cheng. Uncle Yu and said Tang He? Cheng Wang destroyed Tang Nai, and the Tong leaf was sealed in Tang Ye. Both for the Tang Hou, all in Jinyang, the descendants feel its virtue, set up a temple in the source of Jin water to worship it, so it is called Jin Temple. "
This temple was originally mainly dedicated to Shuyu, and later due to the earthquake was destroyed, so it was relocated and rebuilt, and the temple of the Virgin Mary built on the original site of the Shuyu Temple later evolved into the existing situation of the Temple of the Virgin Mary and the Shuyu Temple in a corner because of the "prayer response".
Although we can't determine the time of the construction of the Jin Ancestral Hall, according to the description of the Jin Ancestral Hall in the "Notes on the Water Classic" written by the famous geographer Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty, it can be determined that the Jin Ancestral Hall was already a majestic palace, the stream became a swamp, the bridge was built on the water, the tourists were crowded, and the name of the three Jin Dynasty was named, and it was named after "Tang Shuyu Ci".
The Jin Ancestral Hall has changed its name many times in history. In the early years of the Northern Qi Dynasty, it was called the "Jin King Temple". During the reign of Emperor Gao Wei of the Northern Qi Dynasty, it was changed to "Great Chonghuang Temple". In the Tang Dynasty, it was called "Jin Ancestral Hall". In the Later Jin Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, due to the Later Jin Dynasty Gaozu Shi Jingjiao Feng Shuyu as the "King of Xing'an", the Jin Temple also had the title of "Xing'an King Temple". In the early Song Dynasty, it was renamed "Jin Ancestral Hall", and later due to the earthquake, most of the buildings of the Jin Ancestral Hall were destroyed, and it was rebuilt in the period of Song Renzong, but the Holy Mother Hall of the worship of Yi Jiang occupies the main position and is called the main building, and the Shuyu Temple is in a corner. During the Yuan Dynasty, it was called "Huiyuan Temple". During the period of Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, it was called "Guanghui Temple", and Ming Yingzong renamed "Jin Temple" has not changed until today. Although the name of the Jin Ancestral Hall in the past dynasties is changeable, it is still called "Jin Ancestral Hall" throughout the ages.
Second, the overall layout of the Jin Ancestral Hall
The entire Jin Ancestral Hall is divided into the Jin Ancestral Hall Scenic Spot and the Jin Ancestral Hall. In ancient times, the Jin Ancestral Hall is now the Jin Ancestral Hall. The Jin Ancestral Hall introduced in this article refers to the current Jin Ancestral Hall.
The Jin Ancestral Hall is full of trees, and many ancient trees are thousands of years old. After more than 1,000 years of repair and construction, the Jin Ancestral Hall has developed from the ancestral hall that originally worshiped Shu Yu, the founding prince of the Western Zhou and Tang Kingdoms, to a temple group that enshrines many people, gods, Buddhas and Taoists, including various temples.
At the same time, there are various halls, halls, buildings, pavilions, pavilions, and platforms built in the Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in the ancestral hall. It has become an ancient Chinese garden with extremely rich cultural connotation and important historical, artistic and scientific value.
The ancient buildings of the Jin Ancestral Hall are composed of three parts: north, middle and south. The central building complex is the main building of the Jin Ancestral Hall, with the Shrine of Our Lady as the center, forming an east-west central axis. Entering from the east gate of the ancestral hall, the central axis is successively arranged from front to back, such as the water mirror platform, the Huixian Bridge, the Jinren platform, the Yue Fang, the second floor of the bell and drum, the dedication hall, the fish swamp flying beam, and the temple of Our Lady. The central building complex has a rigorous layout and unique shape, and is famous for its unique style and high artistic and historical value.
The north building complex starts from Wenchang Palace in the east, and there are Dongyue Temple, Haotian Shrine (Guandi Temple), Juntian Letai, Tang Shuyu Temple, Lotus Pond, Shanli Spring Pavilion, Songshui Pavilion, Chaoyang Cave, Yuntao Cave, Zhifeng Xuan, Santai Pavilion, Reading Table, Luzu Pavilion and so on. This group of buildings is intricately arranged according to the topography, with lofty buildings and lofty pavilions, and uneven superimposed, winning with grandeur and magnificence, quiet and elegant.
The south building east from the Shengying Tower, there are the source of the blue pavilion, the white crane pavilion, the Tongle Pavilion, the Fushan Painting and Calligraphy Museum, the Three Holy Temple, the True Fun Pavilion, the water weir, the boat pavilion, the old spring pavilion, the jellyfish building, the Taiwan Temple, the Gongyi Temple and so on. This group of buildings has towering towers, pavilions and bridges, and springs flowing through, the scenery is beautiful, quite garden characteristics and poetic and picturesque.
3. Introduction to the main buildings of the Jin Ancestral Hall
1. The Basilica of Our Lady
The temple of Our Lady is at the west end of the central axis of the Jin Ancestral Hall, sits west and faces east, since the Song Renzong Tiansheng years in the old site of the Tang Shuyu Ancestral Hall after the new Virgin Mary Palace, the appearance of the Jin Ancestral Hall has changed the old view, and the new hall replaces the Tang Shuyu Ancestral Hall, becoming the main building in the ancestral hall. After the Song Dynasty, the Taiyuan area experienced two major earthquakes, the building in the temple was seriously damaged, the Jin Temple of Song Huizong carried out a large-scale rebuilding or expansion again, the temple of Our Lady is the thing that is rebuilt this time, there is an inscription in the ink book of "the first year of the Song Dynasty Chongning on September 18 in the first year of the Great Song Dynasty".
Basilica of Our Lady
The temple of Our Lady is a typical representative of the temple built in the Song Dynasty, it is the oldest building left in the ancestral hall, built on the brick pedestal, seven rooms wide, six rooms deep. The hall body is surrounded by corridors, two mountains and the back eaves corridor is one deep, the front porch enters two deep rooms, the corridor is spacious, it is unique in the Tang and Song Dynasty buildings. In ancient Chinese architecture, the corridor around the hall was preceded by a corridor as deep as two rooms, which is the earliest surviving example.
On the eight pillars of the front porch, each pillar is carved with a wooden dragon, a total of eight, winding freely, the disc is bent and powerful, six of them are the original of Song Zhezong Yuanyou two years (1087), two are the early years of Huizong Chongning. The Panlong pillar system has been seen in the Sui and Tang Dynasty stone carved tower doors and shrines, and it is the oldest wood-carved Panlong artwork among the large-scale wooden objects known in ancient Chinese architecture.
Jin ancestral hall dragon pillar
There are a total of 43 colored sculptures in the hall, including 1 statue of the Virgin, 5 statues of eunuchs, 4 statues of female officials wearing men's clothes, and 33 statues of maids. In addition to the two small statues in the shrine for the Ming Dynasty to make up the plastic, the rest are the original works of the Song Dynasty.
The main image of Our Lady is Yi Jiang. The daughter of Yi Jiang Taigong (Jiang Ziya) and the mother of Tang Shuyu. Our Lady of Yi Jiang sits cross-legged in the crested chair, dressed in a python robe, wearing a phoenix crown, wearing a xia veil, hanging beads, graceful and luxurious, dignified and dignified, the face is round and plump, the appearance is serene and the inside is majestic, it is a typical image of a noble woman.
Our Lady of Ginger
The maids all had the things they served. Some serve the food, some are responsible for grooming, some are in charge of cleaning, the eyebrows and eyes are bright, the posture is natural, the plastic work is exquisite, it is a fine product in the history of Chinese sculpture, and it is called "the three uniques of the Jin Ancestral Hall".
Statue of the Maid
2. Uonuma Flying Beam
In front of the temple of Our Lady, there is a Uonuma flying beam. Uonuma is one of the three springs of Jinshui. The cross-shaped plate bridge was erected on the swamp, and the time of advent was a lot of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Li Daoyuan's "Water Jing Note" has the record of "knotting the flying beam on the water, and the left and right mixed trees are shaded, and I hope to see the light scene". In the thirtieth year of Daoguang (1850 AD), Gengxu was rebuilt. It was renovated in 1955 as it was, and its architectural structure has the characteristics of the Song Dynasty.
There are 34 small octagonal stone pillars in the marsh, the base of the column is raspberry type, and the lotus petals are carved with treasure makeup. The head of the pillar is slightly rolled, like the pillar of the temple. The central pillar is provided with a big bucket, and the cross arch is applied on the bucket to support the beam forehead and reach the swamp bank. The west bank of the swamp and the base of the temple of Our Lady are staggered, which can be seen to be built at the same time as the main hall, and it is a relic of the Tiansheng period of Song Renzong (1023-1032 AD).
stone pillar
The bridge deck is high and flat from east to west, it is the main road connecting the temple of Our Lady and the dedication hall, it is 15.04 meters long, 5.08 meters wide, about 2 meters high from the ground level, it rises like the body of a bird, it is 16.6 meters long from north to south, 3.3 meters wide, it is inclined like wings, the two ends are connected with the ground, it is the passage of the left and right, like the wings of a big bird. The whole bridge body shape is like a big bird spreading its wings, so it is called "flying beam".
The front of the bridge is engraved with the word "fish swamp" in the north, the word "flying beam" is engraved in the south, there is a body of the stone lion of the Song Dynasty at both ends of the bridge, a pair of iron lions are placed on the platform in the east of the bridge, the demeanor is brave, the shape is vivid, exquisite and realistic, 1.58 meters high, 1.16 meters in circumference, cast in the eight years of Song Hui Zongzheng and eight years (1118 AD), the inscription on the chest still exists, when it is a precious cultural relic.
Although the cross-shaped bridge type with peculiar shape and beautiful shape is recorded in ancient books and occasionally seen in ancient paintings, it is the only case of the existing physical object in China, which is indeed unique in the sea and unique in the world, and is extremely valuable for the study of ancient Chinese bridge construction.
Uonuma Flying Beam
3. Jin Dynasty dedication hall
The dedication hall is in the middle of the central axis of the Jin Ancestral Hall, the east is connected to the Yue Fang, and the west is connected to the fish swamp flying beam, which is the hall of sacrificing the Virgin Mary and offering sacrifices. The third volume of the "Jin Ancestral Chronicles" records: "Dedicated to the palace, Jin Dading was built in eight years, rebuilt in the twenty-second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, and supplemented in the twenty-fourth year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (Qing Dynasty)." In 1955, the dedication hall was renovated and still maintained in the shape of the Jin Dynasty.
The dedication hall is three rooms wide, two rooms and four rafters are deep, and the plane layout is rectangular. The structure of the building girder in the hall is exposed, there is no wall around the hall body, the fence is set up on the wide sill wall, and the front and back of the hall are set up with doors for passing through, much like a pavilion. The glaze on the top of the hall is made by Zhang Wen and others in the 28th year of Jiajing of Ming Shizong (1549 AD) in Wenshui County, Shanxi Province. The hall is open, the four corners respectively preserve a stone tablet, wherein the northeast corner is the Ming Shenzong Wanli period (AD 1573-1620) to rebuild the temple tablet, the other three links are the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, Daizong Zhu Qiyu, Xianzong Zhu Jianshen three emperors for praying to the Holy Mother of the Imperial system of the text or blessing.
Although it is not uncommon for Chinese mausoleums and ancestral temples to set up sacrificial pavilions, offering pavilions, offering halls and other sacrificial buildings, most of them belong to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the wooden structure of the Jin Dynasty is only unique to the Jin Ancestral Hall, therefore, it is precious.
4. To Yue Fang
To Yue Fang
The Yue Fang is in the middle of the central axis of the Jin Ancestral Hall, three gates, four pillars and three floors, the name of the Fang comes from the "Book of Songs" "to the Yue in the sky", which means to repay and show the merits of King Wen of Zhou.
5. Jinrentai
Jinrentai
Jinrentai is located in the middle of the central axis of the Jin Ancestral Hall, east of the Huixian Bridge, west of the Yue Fang and the dedication of the hall, the ancient name of the Lotus Terrace. The plane of the platform is square, 1 meter high, and it is surrounded by a brick flower fence wall.
There is a small glazed pavilion on the top of the hill in the center of the platform, about 4 meters high, the lower part of the brick structure pedestal, the turtle back pattern pattern is carved around, the upper part is glazed hook railing, the pillar and the railing, the pavilion body is set up with the corridor column on all sides, each side is four.
The four corners of the stage are each placed with an iron man, and the iron is the genus of hardware, so the iron man is also called the gold man, and the platform is named after it. They were built in the reign of Song Shaosheng (1094-1098 AD), the Song Zhenghe period (1111-1118 AD), and the Ming Hongzhi period (1488-1505 AD). The ancestral hall is the area where the water of Jin originates, and the town is a golden god, also known as gold can produce water, and the water is more prosperous if there is gold.
The official name of the iron man is "Tie Taiwei", one of which is called "Lingying Hou", the second is "Fu Zhe Hou", the third is "Zhongzheng Hou", and the fourth is "Shun Zhe Hou". The four-cornered iron man is more than 2 meters high, 250 kilograms per respect, slightly larger than a real person, wearing armor, powerful and majestic, each with its own spirit, all of which are precious cultural relics.
Among them, the southwest corner iron man is the best, the posture is majestic and majestic, the iron is crystal stainless steel, the light is dazzling, the right foot is half a step forward, and there are axe chisel marks on the foot surface. Legend has it that the iron man wanted to walk in the middle of the night, only to lift half a step, and the temple blessed to see and stop, so he chiseled his feet.
6. a water mirror table
Water Mirror Stage
The Water Mirror Terrace is the first building after entering the main entrance, and it is built on a stone platform with a height of 1 meter and a hook fence around it, and it is an open stage on three sides.
7, Li Shimin Mobao
On the north side of the central axis of the Jin Ancestral Hall, there is the Zhenguan Baohan Pavilion, and the memory of the inscription and preface of the Jin Ancestral Hall is the tablet of the inscription and preface of the Jin Ancestral Hall, which is written and written by Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty in the 20th year of Zhenguan (646 AD). "The inscription and preface of the Jin Ancestral Hall" stele is 3.9 meters high, of which the head of the stele is 1.28 meters high, the stele is 1.95 meters high, the stele base is 0.67 meters high, 1.2 meters wide, 0.27 meters thick, carved with limestone, the square seat is the head, and the book flies in white body "Zhenguan is the first month of the twenty-sixth day" nine characters.
The whole stele counts 21.5 lines of preface, ranging from 40 to 50 words per line, a total of 1003 words, 4.5 lines of inscription, 200 words, and a total of 1203 words. The inscription is gorgeous, the momentum is majestic, it praises the politics of the Zong and Zhou Dynasty and the founding strategy of Tang Shuyu, praises Tang Shuyu's "inheritance of literature and succession", "Jingren and Weiyi", praises the exquisiteness of the Jin Temple building and the beauty of the natural scenery, exposes the mediocrity and cruelty of Yang Guang, the emperor of the Sui Dynasty, praises the cultural and martial arts of the Li and Tang dynasties, and puts forward the ideas of governing the country such as "rejuvenating the country and building the country" and "taking government as virtue".
The inscription font is a line of calligraphy, won the charm of Wang Xizhi, flying and free, the skeleton is majestic, strong and upright, it is the earliest existing book tablet in China, and has important historical and artistic value.
"The inscription and preface of the Jin Ancestral Hall" tablet has gone through more than 1,000 years, the lower handwriting is turbid due to wind erosion, Yang Tingqi of the Qing Dynasty is in the 37th year of Qianlong of Gaozong (1772 AD) according to the original rubbing copy hook re-engraved, the west side of the pavilion is stored today, for visitors to read and appreciate it against each other.
8. Shuyu Temple in a remote corner
Tang Shuyu Temple is on the north side of the central axis of the Jin Ancestral Hall, sits north to south, and the left and right are adjacent to Jingyi Garden and Guandi Temple, and the octagonal lotus pond is built in front of the ancestral hall.
Because the temple enshrines Tang Shuyu, the second son of King Wu of Zhou, the younger brother of King Zhou Cheng, and the founding prince of the Spring and Autumn Jin Dynasty, it is named "Tang Shuyu Temple". Tang Shuyu Temple was originally the main building of the Jin Ancestral Hall, its former site should be in the position where the Temple of Our Lady is located today, the Northern Wei Dynasty Li Daoyuan "Water Classic Note" called "the swamp west of the mountain pillow water, there is Tang Shuyu Temple" can be used as evidence, and the Jin Temple at that time was named after "Tang Shuyu Temple".
In the Tiansheng period of Song Renzong (1023-1032 AD), the east-west central axis with the temple of Our Lady, the flying beam of the fish swamp, the dedication hall, the golden platform and other buildings as the main body was formed one after another, resulting in the Tang Shuyu Temple, which was once Xuanhe, living in a corner, and gradually being neglected due to the dislocation of the guest and the master, and even ceased to exist for a time.
It was not until the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1267 AD) that the Fendong Temple was built, and the Jin Temple found a place for the Tang Shuyu Temple that had been annihilated for many years, which is the prototype of the Tang Shuyu Temple that we see today. After that, it was repaired, rebuilt and expanded several times during the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty (1522-1566 AD) and during the reigns of Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty before the current situation was formed.
The front part of the Tang Shuyu Ancestral Hall is built with three wings of the mountain gate, the steps outside the door are towering, and there is a hall of enjoyment built in the door, and the ancestral hall is separated into the front and the back of the two courtyards. The front yard is surrounded by a verandah, and the flowers and trees are deep; The backyard is built on the left and right sides of the hall with three rooms, and the north is the Shuyu Palace. Shuyu hall is five rooms wide, four rooms deep, heavy eaves rest on the top of the mountain, the front eaves are inserted into the corridor, and the building structure and technique of the Yuan Dynasty are still retained partially. In the shrine in the hall, the statue of Tang Shuyu is enshrined, the face is plump, the eyes are beautiful, the python robe is dressed, the jade gui is in hand, the demeanor is gentle and kind, the literary quality is polite, just like the appearance of the emperor. There are statues of auxiliary ministers on both sides, all of which have their own moods and are vivid and expressive.
There are 12 statues of maids in the main hall, divided into left and right, moved here from elsewhere, the height is close to the real person, the body proportion is symmetrical, the face eyebrows and eyes are affectionate, the posture is elegant and natural, holding the flute, pipa, three strings, drums, cymbals and other musical instruments, forming a relatively complete orchestra, strings, percussion band, the Ming Dynasty works, is a rare and precious material for the study of the development of Chinese instrumental music and music history.
9. Difficult to get old
Difficult old spring
The victory of the Jin Temple is all thanks to the Jin Shui. The source of Jinshui has three springs: "difficult to get old", "good profit" and "fish swamp". In addition to the fish swamp on the construction of the flying beam, the old man, the two springs of Shanli respectively built pavilions, its founding time according to the existing data audit can be traced back to the Northern Qi Wenxuan Emperor Tianbao period (550-559 years), the present survivor is the Ming Shizong Jiajing period (1522-1566) remains.
The structure of the two spring pavilions is the same, the eaves of the pavilion are not high, they are all octagonal spires, the top of the pavilion is uplifted, the appearance is similar to the ancient tower, and the special shape is extremely rare in the existing pavilion architecture in China. It is difficult to be old in the spring pavilion, and the famous scholar Fu Shan of the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty wrote the word "difficult to be old" in the vertical forehead, the font is handsome, and the pen is strong. The main source of Jinshui is difficult to old spring from the stone cave under the pavilion to flow out, reluctant to give up day and night. The spring takes the last two words in the sentence "Yongxi is difficult to grow old" in the "Book of Songs, Lu Song" as the name, which means that the spring water flows endlessly, and the world is always clear, and it is used sustainably.
The old spring is crystal clear, the blue waves are like jade, the longevity is green in all seasons, and the spring water maintains a constant temperature of 17 °C. The great poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty praised it with the verses "Jin Ancestral Hall Flowing Water Like Jasper" and "Microwave Dragon Scale Sedge Green", and literati of the past dynasties such as Bai Juyi, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, and Yuan Haowen also left inscriptions.
Shanli Spring Pavilion and Nanlao Spring Pavilion face each other in the north and south, and are the left and right wings of the Temple of Our Lady. Lao Tzu said: "Good is like water, and water is good for all things without fighting." The name "good profit" is derived from this. There are couplets in the pavilion, written and written by Liu Dapeng, a native of Yi: "Water is born from the ground, good beginnings and good ends, and great goodness flows through the ages; The spring comes out from the bottom of the mountain, benefiting people and things, and dissolving one side of the benefit. "The couplets are neat. To the point, the meaning is profound.
10, Water Mother Tower
Water Mother Tower
Jellyfish floor is on the south side of the temple of Our Lady, sits west to east, back to the mountain and faces the water, west to the hanging urn mountain, east adjacent to the old spring pavilion, is the ancestral hall of the god of water in Jinyuan, also known as the "crystal palace", commonly known as the "dressing floor". It was built in the 42nd year of Jiajing of Ming Shizong (1563 AD), and rebuilt in the 24th year of Daoguang of Xuanzong of Qing Dynasty (1844 AD).
The body of the building is two floors and three bays, two eaves rest on the top of the mountain, the gray tube plate tile covers, the carved glazed ridge ornament, it is the organic combination of the brick cave and the pavilion building, the upper and lower floors are surrounded by corridors, the bottom floor is stone-built pedestal, the stone carving pillar is built around the perimeter, the hook fence is enclosed, the structure is rigorous, the shape is beautiful, and the painted decoration is the original work of the Ming Dynasty.
The lower layer of the building is Shi Shi Cave three caves, the left hole erects a stele, the right hole is set up to kick, there is a golden makeup jellyfish statue in the middle hole, the hair is in a bun, the hair is unfinished, the demeanor is natural, simple and unpretentious, if the village woman looks, sit upright on the urn-shaped seat, 1.06 meters high, 1.1 meters in circumference, cast in the 42nd year of Jiajing of Ming Shizong.
There are also jellyfish statues in the upper shrine, there are three maid statues on the left and right, one statue of the maid on both sides of the shrine, the clothes are elegant, such as the fin of the fish, the front is the female shape and the back is the fish body, the shape is unique, the posture is beautiful, the person is called "the fish beauty", and it is also a relic of the Ming Dynasty.
11, Zhou Bai
Zhou Bai
Zhou Bai is one of the three unique Jin Ancestral Hall, according to legend, this cypress tree was planted at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. The 18-meter-long cypress grows at a slanting south, like a giant dragon lying horizontally. Therefore, Zhou Bai has the reputation of "Wolong Cypress". The trunk is so thick that it takes several people to hug it. The bark is thick and cracked, like a body of scale armor. One side of the trunk has rotted and has been filled with cement by today.
Mr. Ming Fushan once wrote on the stone: "The first chapter of the cypress of Jinyuan". Undoubtedly, Zhou Bai is the root of the Jin Ancestral Hall. Zhou Bai is not only a witness to the 3,000-year history of the Jin Ancestral Hall, but also a patron saint of the 3,000-year-old Jin Ancestral Hall. Song Ouyang Xiu once sighed: "The earth spirit grass and trees are still moist, and the lush ancient cypress contains smoke. ”
12, the world Wang out of Taiyuan
There is Jinxi Academy in the central and southern part of the Jin Ancestral Hall, and the west end of the academy is Wang Qiong Temple. Wang Qiong, the word Dehua, Jinxi, Taiyuan City, Jinyuan, Ming Xianzong Chenghua 20 years (1484) Jinshi, the director of the Ministry of Labor, later into Langzhong, Chenghua, Hongzhi, Zhengde, Jiajing four emperors, upright, honest officials, outstanding political achievements, officials to households, soldiers, officials three books, because of merit into the "three orphans", "three auxiliary", the Ming Dynasty is rare. Wang Qiong died of illness, and in order to commemorate his political virtue and military exploits, the descendants built an ancestral hall in the west of Jinxi Garden, which is now Wang Qiong's Temple. In the second year of Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty (1910 AD), the ancestral hall was rebuilt. The east of the ancestral hall is Jinxi Academy, the two are integrated into one, and it is rebuilt from Jinxi Garden, Wang Qiong's villa.
Jinxi Garden was built in the five years of Jiajing of Ming Shizong (1526 AD), the site is quiet, the building is moderate, the main hall in the park was the ancestral hall of the Wang family, and the Jinxi Garden was rebuilt as the Jinxi Academy after Wang Qiong's death. In the eighties and nineties of the 20th century, at the request of the overseas Taiyuan Wang family to find their roots and pay homage to their ancestors, after repeated research, it was found that the Xiweng Hall of the Academy was the ancestral hall of the Wang family. It was renovated on October 15, 1992 by the "Overseas Taiyuan Wang Friendship Support Association", which provides a good place for overseas Taiyuan Wang descendants to return to their hometowns to seek their roots, visit and travel, and carry out business and economic activities.
The academy covers an area of 2,100 square meters, with a construction area of 900 square meters, the main entrance retains the original amount of "Jinxi Academy", and the outer courtyard is used for cooking and affairs. The three halls that were originally used as lecture halls have now been converted into Taiyuan Wang's reception rooms, and five wings on each side display various materials of Taiyuan Wang's family. As the three main halls of the ancestral hall of the Wang family, the Xiweng Hall newly molded the statue of the ancestor of the Taiyuan Wang family, the crown prince of Zhou Ling, the prince of Jin, and the ear halls on both sides are now dedicated to the ancestors of the Wang family. The hall opens the door, communicates with Wang Qiong Temple, there is the temple of Our Lady in the north of the courtyard, and enshrines Tang Shuyu, the wife of King Wu of Zhou, and the mother of Yi Jiang. The twenty-second grandson of King Wu of Zhou, the prince of Jin and the prince of Qiao, is enshrined here, the place is the most suitable, just like the Wang's family temple, it is indeed the holy place of the Taiyuan Wang's ancestors, and the overseas Wang's people come here to worship in an endless stream all year round.
13. Fengsheng Temple and Relic Shengsheng Pagoda
Bonkuji Temple
There is Fengsheng Temple on the south side of the central axis of the Jin Ancestral Hall, the full name is "Shifang Fengsheng Temple", also known as "Shakya Factory", it is surrounded by mountains and rivers, the scenery is beautiful, and now it has been integrated with the scenery and cultural relics area of the Jin Ancestral Hall. The temple was originally the villa of Wei Chi Jingde, the founding father of the early Tang Dynasty, and was given by Li Yuan, the ancestor of the Tang Dynasty. Gaozu Wude five years (622 AD) Eguo Gongwei Chi Gong donated villas to build a temple, although the temple has been repeatedly abandoned and abandoned, but the hall built in the early Tang Dynasty still retains the shape of the founding time. However, it was destroyed in the early 50s of the 20th century and rebuilt in the early 80s.
On the ruins of the temple mountain gate, stand Jingqing Gate, which was relocated here in 1980 from the east side of the north of the ancestral hall, and the name of the door is taken from Dou Zhen's poem "Taiyuan Sends Mu Quality to the South": "Today's Tianjing is clear, and autumn enters Jinyang City" sentence.
The nave was originally the hall of Erlang Temple in Fenyang, Shanxi, and was relocated here in 1982. On the site of the main hall built in the destroyed early Tang Dynasty, the main hall of Fanglin Temple in Taiyuan Mazhuang was built, which was relocated here in 1980.
Although the buildings in the temple are not the original and most of them were relocated from other places, the layout still retains the original form, which is complete, rigorous and compact.
The corridor on both sides of the temple displays the 64 squares (originally 126 squares) of the "Dafang Guang Buddha Huayan Sutra" engraved in the second year of the Tang Wuzhou Shengli Calendar (699 AD), which is the translation of the scriptures by Wu Zetian invited by the Khotanese monk Shicha Nanda, a total of 80 volumes. The stone carved Buddha scriptures are prefaced by Wu Zetian himself, the poet Song Zhiwen specifically handles, the famous calligrapher Lu Xianqiao and other calligraphy, the wind cave of the wind valley at the foot of the Taishan Mountain in Taiyuan West Mountain, is now displayed in the Fengsheng Temple, it is a rare precious cultural relic in China.
There is a floating temple in the north of Bongseongsa Temple. It was built in the thirteenth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. Futu Courtyard is "Tower Courtyard", the relics are located in the center of the courtyard, sit in the north and face south, built in the Kaihuang period of Emperor Wen of Sui (AD 581-600), rebuilt in the Song Dynasty, rebuilt in the 13th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1748).
Relic Pagoda
Legend has it that when the monk rebuilt this tower and excavated the foundation, he dug up a stone box and a stone pillar at the place where he was from the ground, and the stone box contained a gold bottle and a silver bottle respectively, and the bottle contained thousands of relics, which was dazzling. According to the research in "The Biography of the High Monk", there is only one grain of the relics of the Sui Kai Emperor Jinyang. By the third year of Song Baoyuan (1040 AD), it was rebuilt, and it was not heard that the relics had increased. And after hundreds of years, it increased to thousands of grains. It can be said that it is endless, so it is called "Relic Life Tower".
Although the relics of the tower were rebuilt in the Qianlong period of Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, it was reborn after being rebuilt, and was marked with the imprint of the Qing Dynasty architecture, but it still retains the character of Emperor Wen of Sui when it came out during the opening of the emperor, not to mention that the relics buried in the underground palace under the tower are the original of Emperor Wen of Sui to give Jinyang! For thousands of years since its inception, Buddhism's unique "beyond the Three Realms, not in the Five Elements" tolerance, elegance and chic away from the lively central axis, located at the southern end of the Jin Ancestral Hall, coldly watching the change of time sequence in the world and the change of the rise and fall of the Jin Ancestral Hall, is indeed the best witness of the Jin Ancestral Temple group that condenses the history of Chinese civilization and the history of the development of the Three Jin Dynasty culture.
The Jin Ancestral Hall was the ancestral hall of the first generation of princes Ji Shuyu who sacrificed to the early Western Zhou Dynasty because of the "Jian Tong" and "sealed the younger brother", and gradually evolved into the "family temple" of the descendants of the Ji surname Wang who took Taiyuan as the county, and then became the spiritual basis and spiritual holy place of the feudal rulers who achieved great causes based on Tang (Tong) - that is, Taiyuan, and the bloodline established by the Jin Ancestral Hall is obvious.
"Jian Tong (Tang) Feng Brother" is Zhou Cheng Wang Jian destroyed the Tang (Tong) small country and gave it to his younger brother Shu Yu, not Taishi Company Ma Qian in his "Historical Records" Wang Wen Shengyi explained that cutting the leaves of the tung tree for Gui and playing his brother, so the Shu Yu Temple, that is, the ancestral hall of Tang Shuyu, the founder of the Jin Kingdom, should be built on the land of Tang (Tong), and the regional cause established by the Jin Temple is also obvious.
The blood and geographical relations established by the Jin Ancestral Hall are the foundation of the Jin Ancestral Hall culture. As Mr. Peng Hai said in his work "Perspective on the Cultural Relics of the Jin Ancestral Hall": "The basic social structure of the traditional agricultural society is the clan and family linked by blood relations. At the same time, because the kinship relationship in the agricultural society was of a geographical nature from the beginning, a far-reaching patriarchal concept was formed far back in history.
That is to say, the strong strength and long-term continuation of the patriarchal tradition based on blood-geographical relations have largely influenced and determined the basic characteristics of the Jin ancestral culture. Fully understand and recognize this, we can understand why the Jin Ancestral Hall, Tang Shuyu Temple, has been 'chosen' for a long time and the tablet has not fallen. Why Our Lady was finally dissolved into the concept of filial piety in the relationship of 'son and mother'. Why Confucian culture ruled the Jin ancestral hall religion became a major feature of its culture. Why did the landscape personification of the Jin Ancestral Hall finally appear in the form of Shu Yu and the Virgin, and the long-term continuation of the strong local worship of the Jin Ancestral Hall and the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.