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In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, an embarrassing news spread throughout the Qing Dynasty. Lin Fengxiang, the commander of the Northern Expeditionary Army of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, was defeated by the Qing army and escorted into Beijing, where Emperor Xianfeng personally "received" the enemy general who had made him sleepless.
For more than ten years, the spirit of the Taiping army made the Manchu Dynasty fearful. Since the outbreak of the Jintian Rebellion in 1851, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom has been thunderous in the south.
In March 1853, the Taiping army conquered Nanjing, established the capital Tianjing, and formally established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Subsequently, the main force of the Taiping army marched north in two routes, directly under the city of Beijing, in an attempt to overthrow the precarious Qing Dynasty in one fell swoop.
On the Northern Expedition, Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang, two veteran Taiping Army generals, led 20,000 elite soldiers and were invincible, making the Qing army terrified.
They came from poor peasant families and hated the rotten feudal rule. Joining the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, they saw the dawn of hope.
"Don't pay attention to staying in Beijing, pay attention to being in Tianjing", this is the common belief of the soldiers of the Taiping Army.
Pingjing is just around the corner, as long as they take Beijing, overthrow the mediocre Manchu Dynasty, and establish a prosperous heavenly world where everyone is equal, this is their ideal and pursuit.
But the ideal is very plump, and the reality is very skinny. The Northern Expeditionary Army was outnumbered and eventually suffered a rout.
When Lin Fengxiang was escorted into Beijing, his eyes were still blazing and his breath was high.
Looking at the thin and devastated enemy general in front of him, Emperor Xianfeng had mixed feelings.
This is the Lin Fengxiang who made him sleep? The Qing army is ten times and a hundred times stronger, and it is helpless to take them?
Xianfeng seemed to want to say something, but he wanted to stop talking.
He wanted to ask Lin Fengxiang, why did he have to subvert the Qing Dynasty? What exactly are you looking for?
But in the end, His Majesty the Emperor didn't say anything, just sighed.
In this turbulent era, a pedantic and stubborn emperor and a fierce revolutionary looked at each other wordlessly, as if they had seen the torrent of the times rolling in, and no one could stop the pace of history.
Lin Fengxiang finally died tragically under Ling Chi, and before his execution, it is said that his eyes were still full of unyielding light.
And his friend Li Kaifang could not escape the doom, and finally went to righteousness generously with his subordinates.
"The Qing Dynasty will perish!" Li Kaifang and his soldiers shouted these words and walked towards the execution ground.
A generation has a generation's faith, and they have composed a generous and tragic hymn to the revolution with their lives and blood.
Emperor Xianfeng's long sigh seemed to have foreseen the ups and downs of the Qing Dynasty.
Although the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was ultimately defeated, the flame of revolution had been sown. In the following decades, the Boxer Rebellion and the Xinhai Revolution followed, and "a few romantic figures still look at the present day".
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was a far-reaching event in modern Chinese history. As a peasant uprising, it shook the foundations of the Qing dynasty's rule. As a regime, it has made many attempts at innovation.
Although the generals of the Taiping Army such as Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang were brave and righteous, their spirit will forever go down in history.
Let's set our eyes on that magnificent era and reproduce the ups and downs of the past. The years are smoky, and it is difficult to hide the true colors of heroes; Times have changed, but the figure of the revolutionary pioneers still shines brightly
This "encounter" between Emperor Xianfeng and Lin Fengxiang is really a microcosm of the protracted duel between the Qing Dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The two sides are like fire and water,-for-tat.
However, who would have thought that the leader of the "traitors" who had made the capital tremble would finally show people with a thin and haggard face.
In fact, Lin Fengxiang is not a tragic hero. He had great ambitions, but he was trapped in troubled times.
Lin Fengxiang, like his friend Li Kaifang, came from a poor background. During the Xianfeng period, natural disasters continued, coupled with the ruler's harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes, which made the people miserable.
When they were hungry and cold, they heard that a man named Hong Xiuquan had gathered to "worship God", advocating equality for all and resisting the tyranny of the Manchu Dynasty. This pair of "double heroes" devoted themselves to it without hesitation.
Soon, Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang relied on their bravery and good fighting to rise to prominence in the Taiping Army and became the most anticipated generals.
Especially in the "Tianjing Incident", the two turned the tide and became Hong Xiuquan's confidants.
In the winter of 1860, Tianjing was facing a crisis, and the grain, grass, and military salaries were all gone. At the critical juncture, Hong Xiuquan discussed with his staff and decided to give it a go - send Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang to lead the army to the north and attack Huanglong.
Hong Xiuquan's idea was very simple: instead of sitting and waiting in Tianjing, it was better to take the initiative to attack, invade Beijing, and capture Xianfeng alive to solve the danger of Tianjing.
As a result, the vanguard of the Northern Expedition of the Taiping Army, which was only 20,000 people, hit the road in a mighty way, and the commanders Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang did not have a detailed battle map, did not have sufficient grain and grass, and did not have a steady stream of reinforcements.
In this case, they actually passed all the way, and they were like bamboos, and they killed the heart of the Qing Dynasty.
Lin Fengxiang is really a wizard who is good at fighting sports warfare, he examines the enemy's situation, sees the moves, and beats the head of the Qing army. "Take Baoding and approach Gyeonggi", this slogan resounded in the Northern Expeditionary Army for a while.
It's a pity that the good times didn't last long, after all, the Qing army had the advantage, and Seng Lingqin, Yi Yi and others mobilized heavy troops to encircle and suppress them by different routes. The Northern Expeditionary Army, which was originally a lone army, was outnumbered and difficult to last.
Tianjin and Baoding were lost one after another, the source of troops was cut off, and the Northern Expeditionary Army fell into a desperate situation on all sides.
Li Kaifang led the remnants to break through, but accidentally fell into an ambush. Lin Fengxiang was isolated and helpless, and in the end he could not escape the fate of destruction.
Breaking down and standing up, the world returns to the heart, this is the ambition and pride of the Taiping Army back then. Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang are typical representatives who have brought this "revolutionary pride" into full play.
But pridefulness alone is not enough. In that era of strong soldiers and horses, without a strong material foundation and a stable rear, any utopian dreams were all in the past.
This may be the inevitability of history. Although the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom dominated half of the country for 14 years, and although many attempts at progress were made, it was still a failed peasant uprising.
And it was precisely this uprising that exposed the shortcomings and festers of the Qing Empire.
After the failure of the Northern Expedition, Tianjing soon fell as well, and Hong Xiuquan hanged himself in the Qianyuan Palace, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was destroyed.
However, the Chinese's resistance did not end there. The latecomers took over the baton of the Taiping Army.
From the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to the Boxer Rebellion, from the Xinhai Revolution to the Northern Expedition, generation after generation of people with lofty ideals went forward and succeeded each other, and finally established New China in 1949. This is unimaginable for Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang.
If Emperor Xianfeng knew underground, he didn't know how to feel. It has long been clear where the scales of history will ultimately tilt.
Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang, the two tragic heroes of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, their stories are destined to be remembered by history.
Although the Taiping Rebellion ended in failure, it wrote a strong stroke in China's modern history.
This peasant uprising was the product of the intensification of social contradictions in the semi-feudal and semi-colonial society of old China, and after the Opium War in 1840, the strong ships and cannons of the Western powers opened the door to China and also broke the Chinese's dream of "the heavenly kingdom".
Under internal and external troubles, the rule of the Qing Dynasty gradually declined. During the Xianfeng period, opium was rampant, officials were corrupt, land was annexed, disasters and famines continued, and the people were struggling to make a living.
is the so-called "forced to Liangshan", in this case, Hong Xiuquan's "God worship religion" came into being.
From the Jintian Rebellion to the establishment of the capital in Tianjing, the feats of the Taiping army shook the foundations of Qing rule.
They put forward the slogan of "having land to plough together, to have food to eat, to have clothes to wear, and to have money to work together," established a complete set of "Tianchao's system of acres of land," and carried out an attempt at the agrarian revolution, which was of considerable progressive significance at that time.
However, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was only a spontaneous peasant revolution, and its limitations were obvious.
Leaders are religious and inexperienced in the management of the country; In the military, a complete command system and logistical support have not been established, and they rely too much on individual heroism; The contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class is also becoming more and more acute.
The tragic defeat of the Northern Expeditionary Army was a concentrated reflection of this limitation, because at that time, China still lacked a mature revolutionary class and scientific revolutionary theoretical guidance, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was destined to be an unfinished revolution.
However, the heroic fighting and revolutionary fighting spirit of the generals of the Taiping Army will always be worthy of the admiration of future generations.
Although China's Washington and Napoleon did not appear in that era, the deeds of Lin Fengxiang, Li Kaifang and others can be called a legend that can be sung and cried.
As Li Kaifang said before his execution: "The Qing Dynasty will not die, I will not stop!" This sentence expresses the iron backbone of the soldiers of the Taiping Army and their determination to see death as home.
Who said that the peasant uprising was just a scattered sand, and who said that the Chinese could only swallow their voices? The indomitable struggle of the Taiping Army has shown the world the national integrity of the Chinese people who are not afraid of violence.
The death of Lin Fengxiang, the death of Li Kaifang, and the sacrifices of countless Taiping soldiers are by no means meaningless.
Their blood stained that era of great suffering, and their figures are forever engraved in the annals of the Chinese revolution.
There is a confidant in the sea, and the end of the world is like a neighbor. Today, more than 160 years later, we cherish the memory of the martyrs, and we must inherit and carry forward their glorious traditions.
Under the leadership of our party, hundreds of millions of people are full of public spirit and are marching courageously toward the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The long river of history is running endlessly, and the spiritual torch has been passed down from generation to generation. Although the generals of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom have become ancient, our generation should cherish and defend the country that the revolutionary martyrs threw their heads and shed their blood in exchange.
Let us remember Lin Fengxiang, Li Kaifang and other sages and martyrs, do not forget the original intention, and continue to move forward.
Take them as an example, devote ourselves to the great cause with high morale, regain lost territory, work hard to make the country strong, and continue to write a glorious chapter of the Chinese nation.
Although the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom failed, the flame of revolution has been sown in the land of China. Since then, China's advanced elements have begun a long journey of anti-feudal and anti-colonialism.
More than 160 years later, when we look back on these eventful years, we are still moved and inspired by the heroism of the sages.
From the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to the Xinhai Revolution, from the Northern Expedition to the founding of New China, generation after generation of people with lofty ideals have gone forward one after another, and finally realized the long-cherished wish of national review and people's liberation.
Today, China stands tall among the nations of the world. We must not only cherish the memory of the martyrs, but also carry forward the past and forge ahead into the future, and under the leadership of our party, make unremitting efforts to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This is the best consolation for countless ancestors.