In August of the 27th year of Kangxi, Prince Yu Fuquan led his troops to the west to conquer Dzungaldan, and launched a fierce battle in Ulan Butong in Inner Mongolia. However, just as Fu Quanshi returned to the court, Kangxi suddenly convened a political meeting and removed him from all powers. As a close sibling, why did Kangxi kill the emperor's brother, and what kind of secret is hidden in this?
Prince Yu Fuquan
I am willing to be a virtuous king and be loyal to the government
In August of the sixteenth year of Shunzhi, Shunzhi made a special trip to the palace of the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, and asked Fuquan, who was only 7 years old in the same year, and Xuanye, who was 6 years old. In contrast, the young Xuan Ye showed the demeanor of a king, and I saw him reply sonorously and powerfully: The ministers are willing to follow the example of Huang Ama.
Prince Yuxian Fuquan, the second son of Shizu. When he was young, the ancestor asked Zhi, right: I wish to be a virtuous king! Xuan Ye is right: Wait for a long time and follow the emperor's father. "Records of Qing Shizu"
Who would have thought that this conversation between father and son would become the ultimate basis for Shunzhi to choose an heir. On the second day after Shunzhi's death, Sony announced an edict of the first emperor, in which Xuan Ye was specially ordered to inherit the unification and was Emperor Kangxi.
Young Kangxi
At the beginning of Kangxi's accession to the throne, because he was still young, the imperial power was deeply constrained, and when he was 14 years old, he immediately gave the imperial brother Fuquan the Prince of Yu, and added the title of the government affairs of the king, which is not only to fulfill the will of Emperor Shunzhi, but also to use Fuquan to borrow strength to fight against the two yellow flag ministers Aobai.
Fuquan did not live up to Kangxi's ardent hopes, and in the whole process of eradicating Aobai, it was precisely because of his close cooperation with Suo Etu that he was able to capture Aobai without danger and complete the first power struggle after the pro-government.
After that, Kangxi broke free from the shackles of the ministers, and was able to make great progress, the first emperor of the ages has completed the great historical creation of leveling the three feudatories and unifying Taiwan, and behind this proud achievement, it is inseparable from the help of the emperor's brother Fuquan. It can be said that it is precisely because of Fuquan's company that Kangxi was able to display his ambitions without scruples.
Especially in the process of reunifying Taiwan, many courtiers tried to prevent Kangxi from sending troops to the expedition on the grounds of the labor expedition, but Fuquan firmly stood on the side of the imperial power, tried his best to support the eastward advance of the navy, and strongly advocated the recovery of Taiwan under the jurisdiction of the Qing government.
In the process of annihilating the Zheng regime, Fuquan has been assisting Kangxi in formulating macro strategies as the king of parliament, and when to fight fiercely with the enemy army and when to outflank it, the two brothers are in the center. When he penetrated deep into the heart of the enemy, Fuquan strongly advocated decentralization, so that Shi Lang's Fujian naval division could get rid of the constraints of the central government, enlarge tactics without scruples, and finally capture Penghu and recover Taiwan. It can be said that Taiwan's eventual recovery is inextricably linked to Fuquan's loyal assistance.
The western expedition to Mongolia was a high-ranking master
In 1688, when an unprecedented drought occurred in the steppe where Dzungaldan was located, in order to obtain the material resources needed for survival, they formed an alliance with Tsarist Russia, led an army to raid Khalkha, and advanced into the Ulan Butong region of Inner Mongolia with lightning speed, taking the first step in the beacon fire to pay for the border area.
At this time, the Dzungardan private Ulan Butong was only 700 miles away from the Beijing Division, which was already an elbow trouble for the Qing court. Therefore, the Qing court immediately mobilized a large army to conquer Galdan, and Emperor Kangxi specially appointed Prince Yu Fuquan as the general of Fuyuan, and united with the emperor's eldest son Yin to lead a large army out of Gubeikou to meet the fierce Junggar army.
Camel artillery army of Kaldan
In view of the large number of Qing troops and the superior armament, Galdan paid special attention to marching and encamping along favorable terrain. He first surveyed the terrain in Ulan Butong and set up camp in the "deep moats of the mountains and forests", and then used the camel city tactics learned from Europe to tie 10,000 camels transported from the rear into the woods next to the river and spread blankets on top of them, thus forming a natural protective barrier.
Fu Quan was keenly aware of Galdan's military pretense, and immediately split the army into two parts, one operated the red-coated cannon to bombard the camel city, and the other broke through from the mountainside of the left flank, and rushed straight to the heart of the Dzungar army.
At this time, Galdan did not expect the Qing army to be so expensive and fast, and before he had time to gather the army, he had already been beaten and fled in all directions, retreating to a dangerous place.
Battle of Ulan Butong
In order to avoid the doom of the annihilation of the whole army, Galdan came up with a plan to delay the army and sent envoys to the Qing camp to sue for peace. In this regard, Kangxi once reminded Fuquan that Galdan was scheming, so that he would always remain calm and must ensure that Galdan was in the encirclement of the Qing army. However, after several months of campaigning at this time, the Qing army had already been in short supply of grain and grass, and Fuquan was worried that excessive pursuit would cause Galdan to fight to the death, so he agreed to the other party's request for peace and ordered the squad to return to Beijing.
Fuquan thought that he would return victorious, and he would be rewarded by Kangxi, who would have thought that as soon as he stepped into the realm of Beijing, Kangxi interrogated him and Yinhe, why did he withdraw his troops without authorization? In order to shirk responsibility, Yinhe transferred all the blame to Commander Fu's body, so two diametrically opposed confessions appeared.
Prince Yu is your uncle, and if you have any similarities or differences with the king, you will be put to justice. "Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty"
In order to force Fuquan to confess, Kangxi showed a very superb imperial skill here: Prince Yu Fuquan is your uncle, if your confession is slightly different from his, it is a crime of disloyalty and unfilial piety, and you will be corrected immediately. If he admits that he is guilty of withdrawing troops, he will inevitably be punished by demotion, but if he overturns Yinhe's confession, it will make Kangxi bear the eternal infamy of mutilating his parents and children.
Big brother Yinyu's film and television image
In line with the principle of the lesser of two powers, Fuquan had to bear the crime of withdrawing the troops alone, but Kangxi, who was a benevolent monarch, instead of forgiving him, had to move an inch, in addition to withdrawing the assistant leader, he also deprived him of all the power of the council. According to Qing historical manuscripts:
Strike the government, remove the three leaders, and be fined for three years. Manuscript of Qing History
Since then, the first king of the Kangxi Dynasty has completely withdrawn from the center of power, but Fuquan has not fallen silent, but has participated in the nine sons to seize the throne, and actively assisted the eighth elder brother Yinxi to seize the throne.
Taoguang cultivates obscurity, and secretly helps to win the heir
Now that Fuquan has been moved out of the center of power, Kangxi is bound to cultivate talents in the clan, otherwise Hanchen will occupy the main body. Therefore, Kangxi not only let the crown prince Yinren handle state affairs, but also let the rest of the elder brothers also participate in it.
The eighth elder brother Yinxi is quite virtuous because of his outstanding ability and ability, but because of his humble background and his mother is Xin Zhiku, his status among the princes is the lowest, and it is difficult to be established as a prince. However, Fuquan was particularly impressed by this nephew, and when Yinxi did not have any knighthood blessings, he elected him to act as the acting Guangshan Treasury (financial institution).
Eighth Elder Brother Yinxi
Yinxi did not live up to Fuquan's ardent hopes, and during the period of cooking Guangshan Library, he took care of the interest on official loans in an orderly manner, and the ministry affairs were excellent.
Seeing that Yinxi's prestige in the court was increasing day by day, Fuquan thought that the time was ripe, and even ignored the fact that there was a prince in the Qing Dynasty, and tried his best to protect Yinxi in front of Kangxi, according to the "Qing Shengzu Record":
The eighth elder brother has a good heart, is not boastful, is smart and capable, has good conduct, and should be a prince. "Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty"
The matter of establishing a prince is a matter of national capital, not to mention that Fuquan has been far away from the political center, even if he is still in the position of the king of the government, then he cannot be involved in the prince. What's more, Kangxi has already issued repeated orders to strictly prohibit the princes of the clan from making private connections and seeking to seize the throne.
Kangxi was tormented by the seizure of the prince in his later years
Kangxi naturally had to punish him severely, but after the failure of Baoju Yinxi, Fuquan's health deteriorated, and he died soon after. At this time, Kangxi was patrolling outside the Saiwai, when he heard the news of the death of the imperial brother, he rushed back to the capital non-stop, and ordered all the princes to be buried and funeral, at the funeral, Kangxi personally cried for Fuquan's coffin, and fainted several times.
I lost my father when I was young, and you are the only brother, and now you are gone, and I have lost my hand and foot. "Records of the Ancestors of the Qing Dynasty"
Not only that, in order to show the deep friendship between brothers, friends and brothers, Kangxi also ordered Fuquan's son not to follow the rules of demotion and succession, and directly inherited the title of Prince Yu. In the feudal system, "Shengshan Zhouda" is the constitution, which is also more in line with Fuquan's life. The question is, Kangxi was aggressive and suppressed Fuquan during his lifetime, and why did he praise him in every way after his death, in a word, it was just to create the image of Renjun.
Conclusion:
As the first king of Shunzhi, Fuquan has always been loyal to assist the government and govern the country, and has made immortal contributions in major events such as capturing Aobai, leveling the three feudatories, and unifying Taiwan, not only helping Kangxi stabilize the throne, but also preserving the territorial unity of the Qing Dynasty. But even such a brave and loyal virtuous king, can not escape the suspicion and defense of the imperial power, under the threat of the high meritorious, even if Kangxi is known as the benevolent monarch through the ages, it is inevitable that he will not turn from benevolence to violence, and he will be ruthless to all the challengers of the imperial power. It can be said that the change in the relationship between the two brothers of Fuquan and Kangxi is the inevitable result of the relationship between the monarch and the minister to the extreme.
Source of this article: "Records of Qing Shengzu", "Records of Qing Shizu", "Qing Historical Manuscripts"