Abstract:The Dendrobium industry in mainland China is mainly concentrated in Yunnan, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shandong, Jiangsu and other regions. In 2013, the output of Dendrobium (fresh strips) in mainland China was 38,000 tons, and in 2022, the domestic output of Dendrobium (fresh strips) will increase to 90,000 tons. Among them, the output of Dendrobium officinale increased from 23,500 tons in 2013 to 49,500 tons in 2022, and the output of other Dendrobium increased from 14,500 tons in 2013 to 40,500 tons in 2022.
1. Definitions and Classification
Dendrobium, belonging to the genus Dendrobium in the orchid family, is a Chinese medicinal material. There are about 1,500 species of Dendrobium worldwide, of which about 63 species are found on the continent and 39 species of Dendrobium are used for medicinal purposes. These Dendrobium species have different distributions in various parts of the mainland, mainly concentrated in the Qinling Mountains and the south of the Huai River, and the species gradually decrease to the north. At present, the planting area of Dendrobium in mainland China is larger, including Dendrobium officinalis, Dendrobium purple, Dendrobium huoshanensis, Dendrobium chinensis, Dendrobium golden fork, etc., among which Dendrobium officinale is known as the first of the nine immortal grasses, mainly distributed in the southern provinces of the mainland. Dendrobium purple-bark is mostly found in the dense forests of mountains at high altitudes, and is distributed in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places. Huoshan Dendrobium is mainly produced in Huoshan, Anhui Province, and has a unique growth environment. Dendrobium chinensis is more artificially planted in Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. Dendrobium drumstick and Dendrobium stacked grow on sunny mountain sparse forests and tree trunks at high altitudes, respectively, and are distributed in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
Second, industry policies
In recent years, the mainland Dendrobium industry has received a lot of support at the policy level. A number of local governments and departments have issued relevant policies and documents to promote the healthy development of the Dendrobium industry. For example, the "Notice on the Pilot Program for the Management of Dendrobium officinale and Ganoderma lucidum in Tai'an City according to the tradition of both food and Chinese herbal medicine" issued by the Tai'an Municipal Administration for Market Supervision clearly pointed out that the pilot enterprises need to process Chinese medicinal materials such as Dendrobium officinale in a traditional way to maintain their original medicinal properties. The Hubei Provincial Drug Administration has issued and implemented the quality standards for Chinese herbal medicines such as rattan tea and Dendrobium officinale powder, which provides a basis for the processing and quality control of Dendrobium officinalis. The Yunnan Provincial Health Commission has also formulated the "Yunnan Provincial Food Safety Local Standard Dendrobium", which regulates the physical and chemical indicators, pollutant limits and pesticide residue limits of Dendrobium officinalis. In addition, the cooperation implementation plan between Shanghai and Anhui Provincial People's Government mentioned that Shanghai pharmaceutical enterprises will be promoted to invest in the development of authentic medicinal materials such as Huoshan Dendrobium in Lu'an, which will further promote the regional cooperation of the Dendrobium industry. The Zhejiang Provincial Drug Administration has promoted the development and utilization of characteristic cosmetic raw materials such as Dendrobium officinale by establishing a database of plant raw materials for Zhejiang characteristic cosmetics.
Third, the development process
The development process of the Dendrobium industry in mainland China has gone through many stages. During the period from the founding of the People's Republic of China to 1990, the industry mainly relied on wild collection and preliminary development and utilization, and was limited by the level of science and technology and the planned economic system, and the market scale was small. However, after the reform and opening up, with the opening of the Chinese herbal medicine market and the progress of science and technology, the Dendrobium industry began to gradually move towards scale and industrialization, the output and quality were improved, and the application field continued to expand. Especially in the 90s of the 20th century, Dendrobium officinale began to be planted on a large scale, marking the modernization process of the Dendrobium industry. In the 21st century, with the support of national and local policies, the Dendrobium industry has developed sustainably and healthily, and is widely used in medicine, health care products, cosmetics and other fields.
Fourth, industry barriers
The entry barriers to the Dendrobium industry in mainland China are high, which is mainly reflected in capital, technology, brand and market awareness, as well as policies and regulations. Due to the long planting cycle, large initial investment and cultivation period of Dendrobium, new entrants need to have strong financial strength to meet the demand for funds. At the same time, the complexity of Dendrobium cultivation and processing techniques requires the entrant to have professional knowledge and skills. Brand and market awareness are critical to product sales and promotion, and new entrants need to work hard to build their brand and market awareness. In addition, the government's regulatory and policy restrictions on the Chinese herbal medicine industry also constitute certain barriers, such as environmental protection requirements and quality standards to challenge new entrants, in general, these industry barriers together limit the number and speed of new entrants in the Dendrobium industry in mainland China, and protect the market position of existing enterprises in the industry.
Fifth, the industrial chain
From the perspective of the industrial chain of the Dendrobium industry in mainland China, the upstream is mainly the planting raw materials of the Dendrobium industry, mainly pesticides, fertilizers and agricultural machinery, etc., and the planting of the main Dendrobium in the midstream is due to the long growth cycle of Dendrobium and the complex planting technology, which has certain requirements for soil, climate and other conditions, and requires a lot of investment, technology and labor, and at the same time the pest control and fertilizer use in the planting process also require professional knowledge and skills. At present, the cultivation of Dendrobium in mainland China is mainly concentrated in Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places, among which Yunnan has certain advantages in the planting link due to its unique climate and geographical conditions. Downstream Dendrobium is mainly used in Chinese patent medicine, health care products, cosmetics, food and beverage and other fields. With the rise of e-commerce and social media, the online marketing and brand promotion of Dendrobium products have gradually become an important trend in the development of the industry.
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