Why?
When we talk about facts, we must speak from a scientific point of view, especially from the standpoint of peasants.
Evidence 1: The National Agricultural Technology Extension Center has achieved a large-scale increase of "water and fertilizer saving" by 200 to 300 catties per mu.
Our growers should increase the yield by at least 200 catties per mu with the same fertilizer and water input, right? ! If not, you can see how "backward" the variety is.
Evidence 2: "Number of ears per mu" and "1000-grain weight" determine the "ceiling" of wheat yield.
The figure below is from the Journal of Triticeae Crops, the most authoritative scientific journal on wheat:
(1) High-yield wheat varieties have more ears per mu, and low-yield wheat varieties have fewer ears per mu. This is because at least 100 or more ears of wheat produce grains = 1 corn ear produces grains, everyone think for 1 minute, think about how dense your corn is.
(2) Just as important as "more ears per mu" is "high 1000-grain weight" (large grains).
(3) Among the three elements of wheat yield per mu, the most worthless is "large ears" - if only "large ears", but "less ears per mu" and "low 1000-grain weight" (small grains or black and small grains), how can it be high-yielding?!
Moreover, Professor Wang Zhimin of China Agricultural University pointed out that the fundamental factors why many large-spike wheat varieties are "waste products" are: the number of ears per mu cannot be increased, the 1000-grain weight is low, and it is not drought resistant and heat tolerant (see the figure below).
In order to "break the curse of easy yield reduction", large-spike wheat varieties need to have "about 400,000 ears per mu and more than 45 grams of 1,000 grains" (subject to the approval announcement) on the basis of about 40 grains per ear, which is to say, the approved grain weight of a single spike is more than 1.8 grams (the number of grains per panicle is × 1,000 grains), and the approved ears per mu are about 400,000, which is conducive to the actual yield of more than 1,400 catties per mu for farmers.
Evidence 3: Varieties cannot be early or late
It is better to have the same maturity period as most local varieties, because this is the result of decades of "natural selection" - too early or too late maturing varieties are being eliminated too much. For example, the scientific research data of Mr. Wang Zhimin in the picture above prove that late-maturing wheat varieties are easy to be "forced to ripen by high temperature", with poor grain filling, and more weak grains = low 1000-grain weight.
Evidence 4: Straw should not be too short or too tall
In addition to the fact that the straw is too short and not conducive to the formation of yield, the scientific research data in the figure below emphasizes that "there are many examples of dwarf stalks not resisting falling" (lodging is induced by rotting rhizomes and the large proportion of "dead white spikes").
Therefore, the approved plant height of 75 cm to 80 cm belongs to the "golden plant height", which is not only conducive to the formation of yield, but also conducive to the improvement of comprehensive resistance.
In addition, wheat breeders Zhang Lidong, Li Kuiliang, Wang Zhongxing, Tian Xiangwei, Wang Liming, etc., all believe that wheat is easy to yield high, and it is better to have a high yield of 75 cm to 80 cm. At the same time, wheat breeder Liao Ping'an believes that higher plant height is conducive to disease resistance (plant cell wall thickness is conducive to disease resistance).
If the straw of the wheat variety is too short, it needs a very, very large number of "ears per mu" to avoid yield reduction (at least the approved ears per mu of more than 400,000 ears are the "bottom line"). Because, according to the comparison of three wheat varieties by Qiao Hong, a researcher at Henan University of Science and Technology, every 500 grams of wheat grains produced = more than 800 grams of wheat straw are needed. It's like 1 pound of wheat grains can't produce 1 pound of flour.
Evidence 5: The approved "three elements of yield per mu" are good at 667 kg to 800 kg.
People with a little bit of scientific and technological knowledge know that the yield of wheat comes from the "three elements" - the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear, and the weight of 1000 grains.
You can't expect a variety with a yield of about 600 kg per mu to be better than a variety with a yield of more than 700 kg per mu or a variety with a yield of more than 800 kg per mu, right?!
Evidence 6: For the same "spike per mu" and "number of grains per spike", the higher the weight of 1000 grains, the better
The figure below is from the wheat science and technology books, the large-grain wheat (approved 1000-grain weight high) has a well-developed root system, and the small-grain wheat has few and underdeveloped roots.
Wheat flakes with developed root systems are not only conducive to high yield and significant yield increase of wheat, but also conducive to drought resistance + + frost resistance + lodging resistance + dry and hot wind resistance + resistance to "withered white ears" (resistance to rhizome rot) and other "five resistances in one" - the developed root system can penetrate deep into the soil to absorb the nutrients that have accumulated for decades, which is conducive to the health of the plant. At the same time, the roots left in the deep soil will produce a large number of nutrients, organic matter and beneficial microorganisms, which is conducive to the "less fertilizer, higher yield" of corn in the next crop, and even an increase in the yield of hundreds of catties of corn per mu.
It is a master of "great success and continuous success", and he must be "benefiting others and benefiting himself" (benefiting himself and others, and making others happy when he is happy).
However, there are also many "little people" or "little people" in society who are keen to "harm others and benefit themselves" (more often the result is "loss is not good for oneself" or "damage to others and damage oneself"). For example, a wheat variety with "black and small grains" is mainly caused by a large proportion of "withered white ears" (root rot, total erosion, stem base rot and sheath blight), which is not only easy to reduce wheat yield, but also induces "green wilt" and "yellow wilt" of corn (causing corn sheath blight, corn total erosion, corn seedling blight, corn root rot, corn stem rot, etc.).
Summary:
According to the more than 30 years of agricultural practice of the @北rural网 science and technology advisory group and the "updated cognition" every year, the recommendations are as follows:
(1) The variety must be "more per mu" (subject to the approval announcement) - no less than 400,000 varieties in the south of Huanghuai, and no less than 460,000 varieties in the north of Huanghuai. For every 10,000 spikes missing, the weight of 1,000 grains should be more than 1 gram high.
(2) The variety must be "high in 1000 grains" (large grains) - 45 grams of Huanghuai southern varieties are the "bottom line", and 44.5 grams of Huanghuai northern varieties are the "bottom line". For every 1 gram of 1,000-grain weight less, there should be more than 10,000 ears per mu.
(3) The approved "three elements of yield per mu" are between 667 kg and 800 kg, and the more the better.
(4) The approved [disease resistance identification] should pay attention to the less "highly susceptible diseases", the better, and at the same time "double rust resistance" (both stripe rust resistance and leaf rust resistance is better). According to Academician Xu Weigang, wheat varieties resistant to more than 2 diseases accounted for 13.3%.
(5) In field comparison, the proportion of "withered white spikes" must be less than that of other varieties. In particular, we must not blindly pursue "anti-scab" - there are three reasons: first, scab is an "occasional disease", which only occurs in high temperature and high humidity during the maintenance period; second, scab-resistant varieties are prone to stem base rot (according to the scientific research results of Zheng Hongyuan, a teacher from Henan Agricultural University); The third is that "before flowering" need to be sprayed to prevent sucking insects and aphids, and you can add a few yuan of fungicide to prevent it.
(6) The variety must be drought resistant.
Because the Huanghuai wheat area is basically in an arid or semi-arid area, once it encounters drought or is not watered in time, the yield of wheat varieties that are not resistant to drought will be seriously reduced. The wheat varieties with "large grains, high 1000-grain weight" (at the same time, the approved bulk density is more than 820 g/L) and "many ears per mu" are relatively drought resistant.
(6) It is necessary to have the lodging resistance of the "trinity": developed root system + resistance to "withered white spike" (resistance to rhizome rot) + good stem toughness (straw is not soft or hard, elastic like bamboo).
(7) To resist dry and hot air - with the normal maturity period of not early maturity and not late maturity, and the grain is large, the color is good, the 1000-grain weight is high, and the bulk density is higher than 820 g/L, it can be proved that "good filling ability" = resistance to dry and hot air.