Editor's note: Rural revitalization is an important national development strategy, and its main goals are to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, optimize the land use structure, and realize the interactive sharing of resources, environment, society and economy between urban and rural areas. As an important starting point for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, village planning should strictly implement the "integration of multiple plans" and reflect practicability, so it is of great practical significance to innovate the path of village planning for high-quality rural development.
1. The concept and significance of "multi-regulation integration".
A few days ago, the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group jointly issued the "Notice on Learning and Using the Experience of the "Ten Million Project" to Improve the Quality and Effectiveness of Village Planning.
"Integration of multiple plans" refers to the integration of independent planning indicators and planning contents in the process of urbanization, combined with the current planning systems, so as to achieve multiple goals such as coordinating urban and rural development, optimizing land use structure, and improving resource utilization. In the promotion of the rural revitalization strategy, village planning should be dominated by the concept of "integration of multiple plans", based on the overall land use plan, and scientific and reasonable village planning should be carried out around the fields of economy and society, people's livelihood services, and ecological environment.
The application of "multi-plan integration" can not only break the independent planning system, improve the integrity and implementation effect of planning, but also reduce duplicate construction, avoid waste of resources, and provide residents with a more convenient and safe living environment.
2. Problems in the preparation of village planning
(1) Village planning "emphasizes cities and neglects rural areas"
Due to historical factors, urban planning generally takes precedence over villages, which poses a huge obstacle to the development of rural areas. Many village planning attaches importance to the city and ignores the countryside, and the resources of the countryside are given priority to the use of the city, resulting in the relatively lagging development of the rural areas, and the productivity, quality of life, living environment and construction appearance are far inferior to the cities, and further widening the gap between the integrated development of urban and rural areas.
(2) The planning land is unclear and the type is inaccurate
With the continuous improvement of social and economic level, many village planning guidance documents can no longer meet the development requirements of the new era, and the classification standards of village land use planning are not accurate enough, resulting in confusion in land preparation types, especially the blurred boundary between economic land and construction land. For example, schools, clinics, and public facilities in villages are classified as public service land, but there is no specific classification, resulting in unreasonable township land planning and a large waste of land resources.
(3) Ecological and cultural construction needs to be strengthened
Affected by traditional farming operations, many villages have been overdeveloped due to agriculture, resulting in the continuous disappearance of primitive features, and the construction of ecological civilization has caused serious obstacles. In terms of cultural soft power, although many villages on the mainland have retained a large number of traditional cultural relics and ancient buildings, many historical monuments have been destroyed in order to develop the economy, and the villagers' cultural awareness is not strong, and there is a lack of perfect protection and management measures for precious historical relics.
(4) The planning of some villages needs to be improved
According to the requirements of land and space planning in the new era, the upper-level planning needs to implement the content of development positioning, goals, three districts and three lines, land indicators, village classification, etc., and some village plans lack high-level planning guidelines, and the content of planning is relatively one-sided, and the core elements such as land use, industrial development, and human settlements are not fully considered, and the level of planning scheme preparation is low due to the limitations of factors such as technical strength, capital investment, and low standing.
(5) Insufficient incentive policies and difficulties in implementation
Due to the lack of an effective incentive mechanism, the treatment of professional and technical personnel and the implementation of preferential policies are insufficient, it is difficult to attract corresponding technical personnel, and many towns and towns have not set up special planning and management agencies, basically managed by the personnel of the village and town management service center, and the supervision of village construction is basically blank.
In the process of implementing village planning, affected by factors such as traditional concepts and land policy restrictions, it is difficult for relevant personnel to implement the planning requirements in practice. In the process of implementation, because the house type, spacing, floor height, and building area in the prepared village plan do not match the actual needs of rural areas, it may lead to unacceptability for farmers and further hinder the implementation of the plan.
3. Strategies for the preparation of village planning
(1) Establish an equal planning system for urban and rural areas
In order to solve the problem of uneven spatial distribution between urban and rural areas under the background of promoting the common development of urban and rural areas and innovating the "integration of multiple plans", it is necessary to pay more attention to village planning and ensure the unity of village planning. Ensure the comprehensive control of urban and rural regional planning.
(2) Implement the upper-level territorial spatial planning
Implement the control indicators of the higher-level land and spatial planning, implement the development and construction of permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red lines, various nature reserves, ecological public welfare forests, drinking water source protection areas and other areas where development and construction are prohibited or restricted, and connect with the achievements of permanent basic farmland reserve areas, grain production functional areas and important agricultural product production protection and protection areas, historical and cultural villages and traditional villages, and scenic spot planning, and scientifically guide the preparation of village planning.
At the same time, we should do a good job in the classification and guidance of villages, integrate the existing village planning, coordinate the "living-living-living" space in the village area, clarify the requirements for the optimization and adjustment of rural construction space, the integration of resource elements, and the ecological protection and utilization, continue the traditional spatial pattern, street texture and architectural layout of the village, and prevent the urbanization of the rural landscape.
(3) Multi-party participation and strengthen training and publicity
Multi-party participation in the preparation of village planning, enhance the practicability of village planning, by the relevant government departments, planning and design units, villager representatives, etc. to form a village planning team, in-depth village research, a detailed understanding of the village development history, cultural background and humanistic customs and other basic work, so that villagers to participate in data collection, program comparison, public announcement and other aspects of planning preparation.
In addition, it is necessary to improve the professional ability of grassroots personnel, explore the establishment of a rural planning expert database, implement the system of linking planning experts and relevant design institutes with villages, strengthen technical consultation and planning review, and regularly organize county and township and grassroots office leaders to participate in planning training, so that grassroots cadres can systematically master the relevant knowledge of village planning and management.
(4) Establish a standard system for land classification
The preparation of village land planning must establish a system of classification standards in line with the development of the new era, and divide it according to the classification of construction land, environmental land, agricultural land, etc., so as to ensure the coordinated development of land use planning space at different levels. Combined with the latest three-tone data, to ensure the effective implementation of land resource classification, so that the planning land classification is clear, the standards are perfect, the preparation is unified, etc., the quality and level of village planning are efficiently improved, and the construction of new countryside is steadily promoted.
(5) Strengthen technical support and supervision mechanism
Build a "multi-plan integration" practical village planning comprehensive service platform, guide colleges, planning and design units and other professionals to go to the countryside to carry out village planning services, strengthen technical support, and mobilize the enthusiasm of all sectors of society to participate in rural construction, integrate the forces of all parties, understand the specific situation of the village, and work together to prepare an efficient and scientific village planning plan.
The preparation of practical village planning of "multi-plan integration" is regarded as an important part of the assessment of township and village construction work in the corresponding year, and evaluation and inspection are carried out in the form of on-site supervision and random spot checks. Commendations and rewards will be given to townships and towns that have completed the preparation of village planning work well, and townships and towns that have not completed the work on time will be criticized and strictly implemented, so as to escort the village planning work.
summary
Coordinate the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, give full play to the role of planning in comprehensive regulation and control of rural areas, follow the principle of "planning first, orderly construction, and standardized management", and comprehensively carry out the preparation of practical village planning of "multi-plan integration", so as to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and lay a solid planning foundation for building beautiful and livable villages.