Text | Yang Ziqiang
Among all the poems describing the South Lake, the most well-known is probably Zhu Bizun's "Song of Mandarin Duck Lake", these 100 seven-word quatrains, the collection of place names, people, cut production, allusions and allusions, fresh and timeless, brocade and vivid. It is completely a rhyme of Jiaxing local chronicles, and it is from Zhu Yizun that the "Song" integrates the local poems and bamboo branch words into one, forming a unique flavor of poetry, which not only has many people in Jiaxing, stretching for hundreds of years, but also influenced a large number of poets in the Qing Dynasty. "Song" has become a big IP,
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Zhu Yizun (1629-1709) word tin pipe, number Zhuyuan, late number Xiaochanglu fisherman, also known as Jinfeng Pavilion Chief, Xiushui (now Jiaxing) people, the most famous poet in the Qing Dynasty, lyricist, scholar, Zhu Yizun was born in a scholarly family, great-ancestor Zhu Guozuo was the champion of the Ming Wanli period, and the official was a scholar of Wenyuan Pavilion.
His grandfather, Zhu Dajing, was the prefect of Chuxiong Prefecture in Yunnan. His father, Zhu Maohui, was one of the important members of the "Restoration Society" in the late Ming Dynasty, and because he had no heirs, he succeeded his younger brother Zhu Maolu's eldest son Zhu Yizun as his heir.
His biological father, Zhu Maoshu, was born in Xiushui County, and after his death, he was privately called "Mr. Andu". Zhu Yizun's family was very poor when he was a teenager, and he often lacked food in the famine years, so that Zhu Yizun entered the Feng family when he was 17 years old, and he could only teach apprentices in the countryside of Meili in Jiaxing when he was young.
Zhu Yizun in the eighteenth year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1679) to test erudition, he was selected for cloth clothes, and Yan Shensun, Pan Lei, Li Yindu known as the "four major cloth clothes", awarded the Hanlin Academy review, into the Zhinan study, participated in the compilation of the "History of the Ming Dynasty", and later served as the chief examiner of Jiangnan Province. Kangxi returned to his hometown for 31 years, specializing in writing, and became a generation of people.
Zhu Yizun was the most prestigious literary scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, and he was called the "Six Masters of the Early Qing Dynasty" along with Wang Shizhen, Song Wan, Shi Yanzhang, Cha Shenxing, and Zhao Zhixin; The poem is as famous as Wang Shizhen, and is known as the two great poets of the north and south, and is known as the "king of the south and the north"; Ci is known as the "Three Masters of Qing Words" with Chen Weisong and Nalan Xingde, and is called "South Zhu and North Chen" with Chen Weisong, and the Zhejiang and Western Ci School represented by Zhu Yizun is the most influential and far-reaching literary school in the Qing Dynasty.
After Zhu Yizun is middle-aged, he is committed to the academic history of the classics, his research works are profound and profound, the main works are "Jingyi Examination", "Old News under the Sun", "Shuting Collection", etc., he has worked hard for eight years, compiled into the "Word Synthesis", this book selects Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Jin, Yuan words 660 2250 songs, is still an important selection of words. Zhu Yizun's compilation of "Ming Poetry Comprehensive" 100 volumes, including the works of more than 3,400 poets of the Ming Dynasty, in order to collect the rich, fair comments and the world is important, Zhu Yizun's former residence exposed the book pavilion in Wangdian Town, Jiaxing, is a key cultural relics protection unit in Zhejiang Province.
Although Zhu Yizun is a scholar and a scholar, he is not a nerd, but a person with a personality and an emotional temperament. It is said that Zhu Yizun and his wife and sister had a lingering and unforgettable love, and Zhu Yizun also wrote a volume of words "Jing Zhiju Qin Fun" and a super long poem "Two Hundred Rhymes of the Wind". These poems were called "Cleopatra made up her mind" at the time: "I would rather not eat two dolphins, and I will not have two hundred rhymes in the wind." ”
Zhu Yizun is also a bookish addict and is a famous bibliophile in the Qing Dynasty. When he resigned at the age of 64 and returned home, his family had no permanent property, only a total of 80,000 volumes on the 30th floor of the collection, and he had a book collection stamp, on one side was his small portrait, and on the other side was "It is not easy to buy this book, and I wish my children and grandchildren will not abandon it lightly" 12 words, which shows the depth of his love for books.
The Song of Driving Yang Lake was written in the winter of the thirteenth year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1674), when Zhu Yizun lived in Luhe (now a suburb of Beijing) and was a staff member of Gong Jiayu (known as Zuxi, a native of Hangzhou, and a bibliophile). Far from home, running for a livelihood in the north, Zhu Yizun's mood was depressed, and he described himself in the poem as "living in Tonglu in spring and winter, if there are hungry birds still in the cage". Seeing that the Chinese New Year is approaching, he still "travels and eats Luhe, and he fails to return to his words", and misses his hometown very much. The homesickness turned into poetry, so he wrote these 100 "Mandarin Duck Lake Songs", and hoped that "the gentlemen in the same place will see and harmonize".
"Song" comes from the folk, "Song" is the meaning of "oar" or "rowing", and Song is a ballad sung when the drum is drummed in a boat. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, there were Emperor Cao Rong of Wei Ming Dynasty "Song Xing (Five Interpretations)", Lu Ji "Ou Ou", Bao Zhao "Song Xing", Liang Jianwen Emperor Xiao Gang's "Song Xing", Liu Xiaoqiu's "Song Xing", etc., it can be seen that the Song of Yi has been on the hall of elegance at this time.
Since then, until the Ming and Qing dynasties, poets have occasionally created songs, but most of them are still limited to "the matter of the boat", and there is no major breakthrough in the subject matter. Zhu Yizun in the form of songs, to write about the customs and humanities of his hometown, which was not in the previous songs, since then created a new style of poetry, since then the poems in the name of the song, are mainly to express the terroir of the hometown.
Jiaxing Zhong Ling Yuxiu, outstanding people, since the Tang and Song dynasties, there have been poets inscribed about the customs of their hometown, the more famous Song Zhang Yaotong's "Jiahe Hundred Songs", Lu Menglao's "Jiahe Eight Accounts", Zhou Wei's "Continuation of Jiahe Eight Songs", Ming Dynasty Xu Xiru's "Xiuzhou Hundred Pulses", Shen Maojia's "When the Lake Bamboo Branch", Lu You's "Jiashan Four Seasons Bamboo Branch Words", Chen Maoren's "Jiaxing Bamboo Branches" and so on.
Zhu Yizun was ingenious, put the local poems into the basket of songs, and wrote 100 poems of Jiaxing's famous places, beautiful scenery, people, products, myths, legends, etc., and added notes under the poems, so that the poems have a realistic function. At the same time, in terms of creative techniques, absorb and adopt the fresh and lively folk song art, with the characteristics of scenery and affection, and use the "double entendre" and "homophony" and other folk song creation techniques, elegant and vulgar appreciation, fresh and natural, so Zhou Zuoren said in the article "About Bamboo Branches" that Bamboo Branches are also a lot of "Yuan and Ming Dynasty, but in the early Qing Dynasty, Zhu Zhuyuan's "Song of Driving Duck Lake" came out, which is more famous, and the popularity of bamboo branches in the world began here."
These 100 "Mandarin Duck Lake Songs" embody Zhu Yizun's superb poetry art, such as the Qing Dynasty Lin Changyi commented: "Xiushui Zhu Zhuyuan Mandarin Duck Lake Rest" 100 songs, the collection is extremely broad, its poetry is profound, the charm is unique, and the seven unique high-quality products. More importantly, these 100 poems and the notes in them describe the social environment and life in the Jiaxing area in the early Qing Dynasty.
Zhu Yizun recorded more than 100 places of interest and historic sites such as Jiayang Lake, Children's Bridge, Jingxiang Temple, Luofan Pavilion, Tianxing Lake, Dumping River, Baodai River, Jinsu Temple, Tianning Temple, Jingyan Temple, Yan Zhu, Gu Yewang, Gu Jing, Qiu Wei, Lu Zhen, Zhao Mengjian, Lou Ji, Shen Qi, Wu Zhen, Zhu Guozuo, Zhu Bishan, Zhang Mingqi and other dozens of local celebrities, Xu Yuan Li, Seng Lu Li, Xianghu Clam, Shanjin, Yu'er Pear, Nanhu Ling, Fenhu Crab, Yanlai Bamboo Shoots, Ma Howling Fish, Qingruo Empty Wine, Taozhuang Yellow Bird and other local customs, ink yarn lamp, Pu silk and other local famous productsLocal customs such as singing boat songs, picking water chestnuts, stepping on white boats, and raising silkworms and reeling silk have high value in local history documents, and "can make up for those who have not been prepared in the chronicles".
At that time, some people praised this, and Zhu Yizun's contemporaneous Jiaxing poet Ye Feng said in the "Mandarin Duck Lake Song Preface": "("Mandarin Duck Lake Song") is quoted in detail, elegant and well-founded, covering the ancient and modern are beautiful and can be passed on, enough to be called by the people of Guangxiang········ Sing three sighs, empathize with things, and don't have the purpose of being a wind person! ”
And the Meili poet Miao Yongmou also said in the "Preface to the Song of Mandarin Duck Lake": "Looking at Zhu Zixi's Song today, the prosperity of landscape customs and products, the ambition is unreachable, five or six of the dozens. In the Qing Yongzheng's "Zhejiang Tongzhi", there are 17 places that are annotated with "Song of Mandarin Duck Lake", which shows that its record has been officially recognized as a letter history and adopted.
And the famous places in Jiaxing are also widely known with the spread of "Mandarin Duck Lake Song", Sun Fuqing of the Qing Dynasty said: "Since the Taishi advocated this tune, the famous places in Hezhong have spread to all directions······ And those who study history according to the test Xiuzhou, often use this proposition to test the scholars, and there are still survivors of the afterglow of the flowing wind, and they know the legacy of the small long reed. ""The Song of Mandarin Duck Lake" is undoubtedly a film. Color Jiaxing image promotional video.
Officials in Zhejiang and Jiaxing even listed the song as an important part of the course test, and Zhang Yanchang of the Qing Dynasty in the "Preface to the Song of Mandarin Duck Lake" cloud: "Linchuan Li Gong looked at the two Zhejiang, and took the "Song of Mandarin Duck Lake" class Jiahe Shizi, covering the ballad and proverb of the lane, and the people's affection for the song, and because of the composition of the Taiping scenery. When Ruan Yuan was the governor of Zhejiang, he also used "Mandarin Duck Lake Song of Mandarin Duck" as the proposition to test the scholars, which shows the far-reaching influence of the song.
It is precisely because of this, since Zhu Yizun's "Song of Mandarin Duck Lake" came out, there are many people, according to scholars, the Qing Dynasty named after the song of "Song of Mandarin Duck Lake" and poems, sequels of poems about 11 poets.
More than 1,000 poems. In Jiaxing, it is the formation of a "Mandarin Duck Lake Song" poetry genre, among the poets who write the Song, there is no lack of Tan Jixuan ("Eighty-eight Songs of Mandarin Duck Lake Songs" and "Thirty Songs of Mandarin Duck Lake"), Lu Yicheng ("One Hundred Songs of Mandarin Duck Lake"), Zhu Linying ("One Hundred Songs of Mandarin Duck Lake"), Zhang Yanchang ("One Hundred Songs of Mandarin Duck Lake"), Ma Shougu ("One Hundred Songs of Mandarin Duck Lake"), Chen Chen ("One Hundred Songs of Mandarin Duck Lake") and other famous artists, three prefects of Jiaxing, Xu Yaoguang, a Shanhua man from Changsha who is known as a modern virtuous Taishou, also composed "Song of Yuanhu Lake".
"Song of Mandarin Duck Lake" also promoted poets outside Jiaxing to create songs. Qing Wang Qigan composed "Poyang Stagnation Song", and its preface is very clear: "Kangxi Jiayin winter, Xiushui Zhu Zhuyuan Taishi lives in Luhe, recalls the hometown of the local customs, and becomes a hundred quatrains. Since the predicate has no interpretation, with its many words about the matter of the boat, the title is called "The Song of Mandarin Duck Lake", compared to the bamboo branches, the tune of the waves and sand, covering the ocean and the big view, so far one hundred and eighty years, every time I read the "Exposure Book Pavilion Collection", the heart yearns for it, Xianfeng Jiayin Dong, Lian Qin Fat Grandmaster inspects the Xijiang River, views the wind and the order, and the proposition of the song of Poyang Lake, and the bamboo wall is full of the year, and the good story of the art forest is also. ”
Another example is the Qianlong period of Jiangxi Linchuan people Le Jun, on the "Hanjiang Yi Song 100 songs", he said in the preface: "Zhu Zhuyuan "Mandarin Duck Lake Song" 100 songs, since the bamboo branches and waves of the sand tune, not exclusive to the Mandarin Duck Lake, nor specifically the boat, both Bo and beautiful, Si for the prosperity. ”
Until today, there are still poets who are tired of this, Jiaxing celebrities Zhu Dake, Wu Rongting, Shen Ruxiang, Zhuang Yifu, etc., all have the singing and work of "Mandarin Duck Lake Song", which can be said to have a long history, endlessly, and has been extended for more than 300 years.
Finally, you might as well transcribe a few "Mandarin Duck Lake Songs" to appreciate Zhu Taishi's poetic style.
The two sides of the crab house fishing village are flat, and the rending flowers are singing for ten miles.
According to the home to put the water in front of Hezhou, the night is really like a tower fire.
The windows of the hundred-foot red building are on all sides, and the stone beams lock the clear river.
Since the lake has mandarin ducks, water birds fly to set their own doubles.
The duck wontons are slightly salty, and the wine is cheap after the snow.
I heard that the puffer fish has newly entered the market, and the wilted bamboo shoots are in urgent need.
The duckbill boat is shallow and the wind is bleak in the flower gate lane.
Jingnan Yu Beidou new brew, no clearer than my hometown.
[From Jiaxing Literary and Historical Memory. Jiaxing volume】
--to be continued