Patient: Aunt Wang
"I just cough, cough so badly, I can't buy this medicine and eat that medicine!"
In 2018, due to a continuous cough for more than a month, Aunt Wang went to the First People's Hospital of Xiangyang City for examination and was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer.
With the encouragement of her family, Aunt Wang adjusted her mentality and actively accepted treatment. In the past six years, after comprehensive treatment based on targeted drugs, Aunt Wang's condition has been very stable, and her current physical status score is good.
Question: Why is it difficult to detect lung cancer in early stages?
Wei Mingqin, deputy chief physician of the Oncology Department of the First People's Hospital of Xiangyang City:
Lung cancer ranks first in both male and female malignant tumor morbidity and mortality. Early lung cancer is difficult to detect, mainly because early lung cancer has few obvious symptoms. Whether or not you have symptoms depends on where the lung cancer occurs and how it grows. If lung cancer occurs in a parenchymal part of the lung, away from the bronchi and pleura, there are no symptoms, and symptoms often occur only when the tumor has metastasized or produced symptoms of local compression. For example, if a tumor invades the pleura, the patient will have chest pain.
1. How can lung cancer be detected in time?
It is recommended that everyone get regular lung cancer screening. In recent years, the state has launched the "Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment of Urban Cancer" project, which carries out high-risk screening, high-risk group assessment, and cancer screening nationwide for five major types of urban cancer, such as lung cancer, colorectal cancer, upper gastrointestinal cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer.
Starting in 2022, all residents can follow the WeChat official account of "China Residents' Cancer Prevention and Control Action" and enter the mini program to conduct a free cancer risk factor assessment, and provide free clinical examinations for high-risk residents aged 45 to 75 who participate in the program for the first time according to the assessment results.
If you are a high-risk group for lung cancer and need to undergo chest CT, residents can go to the designated screening hospital of the project, such as the West Campus of Xiangyang First People's Hospital, to make an appointment for the examination.
2. Who needs to be screened for lung cancer?
We recommend that people older than 40 years of age who have the following risk factors should be screened for lung cancer:
First, smoking for 20 years or more, including less than 15 years of quitting. A large number of studies have shown that the age at which smoking began, the number of years of smoking, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day have a great relationship with the probability of lung cancer, and people who smoke heavily for a long time are 10 to 20 times that of non-smokers. The younger the age at which smoking starts, the higher the probability of developing lung cancer, and people who smoke more than 15 cigarettes a day are 14 times that of non-smokers.
Second, the passive smoker, which is what we call "secondhand smoke". Secondhand smoke is very harmful, and studies have shown that in a confined environment, one hour of exposure is equivalent to the dose of smoke that is harmful.
Third, people with a history of occupational exposure, that is, the presence of radon, uranium, chromium, soot, soot, etc. in the occupational environment. People who have been exposed to this environment for a long time and have been exposed for more than one year are at high risk of lung cancer.
Fourth, people with a history of malignancy and a family history of lung cancer.
Fifth, people with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or diffuse pulmonary fibrosis.
3. Can lung cancer be prevented?
Lung cancer is preventable. According to the World Health Organization, one-third of cancers can be completely prevented, one-third of cancers can be cured through early detection, and one-third of cancers can use existing medical technologies to prolong life, reduce suffering, and improve quality of life.
We can prevent and control cancer through tertiary prevention. Primary prevention is the prevention of the cause, that is, to reduce the damage of external adverse factors; Secondary prevention is early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment; Tertiary prevention is to improve quality of life and prolong survival.
Positive prevention measures, such as health education, tobacco and alcohol control, early screening, and standardized treatment, can reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer.
Fourth, the patient, Aunt Wang, received targeted therapy. What is Targeted Therapy?
Targeted therapy has become one of the main options for the treatment of more and more tumors. Targeted therapy is to target a well-defined oncogenic site at the cellular molecular level, which can be a protein molecule in a tumor cell or a gene fragment, and we design corresponding therapeutic drugs for this target. When the drug enters the body, it will deliberately select the carcinogenic site to act, so that the tumor cells will die specifically without affecting the normal tissue cells around the tumor. Therefore, targeted therapy has the advantage of high efficiency and low toxicity, which can quickly alleviate the development of tumors.
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Source: Xiangyang Rong Media Center Economic Life Channel
Reporter: Liu Yangjun | Correspondents: Gong Bo, Liu Xiaodong
Braided hair: Liu Peng | Editor: Liu Junyan
Editor-in-charge: He Wen | Review: Zeng Chunman