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The Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai once wrote such a poem: "One day in the sky, one year on earth."
From the ancient people's depiction of a wonderful scene in the sky, and this poem also inspired future generations to infinitely reverie about the sky.
For many people, there is indeed a situation in the heavens that the ancients said, but it is not what people imagined.
If someone does go to the moon one day, how long will the earth pass if he stays on the moon for a day?
However, does this saying that one day in heaven and one year on earth really exist?
If it really exists, how did it come about?
Today we're going to explore this question.
We know that a day on Earth is 24 hours, but on the Moon, a day is less than two weeks.
If a person stays on the moon for a thousand days, how long will that thousand days pass for the earth?
Today, let's uncover this ancient puzzle!
1. The movement of the Moon and the Earth.
For most people, the only "heaven" they have access to is the twinkling stars in the night sky, and the most striking of these stars is the bright moon in the night sky.
The moon is the only satellite of the earth, and it is also a symbol of mystery and romance in people's hearts.
The ancients had many beautiful legends about the moon, and for Li Bai, he was able to depict these legends vividly, and he had such a line in his poems: "The sun shines on the incense burner and produces purple smoke, and the waterfall hangs in front of the river."
The flying stream went straight down to 3,000 feet, and it was suspected that the Milky Way had fallen for nine days. ”
Do these poems make you feel the wonders of the heavenly palace written by Li Bai?
You may think, what is the connection between the wonder of the moon and the heavenly palace?
In fact, in the eyes of the ancients, there was a scene like the Heavenly Palace on the moon, that is, the "Moon Palace".
In this Moon Palace, the Jade Emperor and fairies live, and they spend their days and nights on the moon.
In the Moon Palace, fairies will wear beautiful clothes and perform light and graceful dances that will radiate colorful lights.
And in the Moon Palace, the Jade Emperor will rule all this and keep everything in order in the Moon Palace.
Such a legend is not only widely spread in the mainland, but also has its own legend on the moon similar to the moon palace in Western countries, that is, "there is an alien civilization under the moon".
And in the 20th century, someone really put this old saying into reality, and this person was Neil Armstrong, who was the first person to set foot on the moon and made people interested in everything on the moon.
A lot of people are interested in what Armstrong says about the moon, and they can't wait to see what the moon is like.
In 1969, Armstrong and Buzz were the first astronauts to land on the moon, and they walked on the moon for 21 hours, collecting some samples of the moon and also taking some pictures of the lunar surface.
Many people hoped that these photos would show the scene on the moon, but at that time, the camera technology was not as advanced as it is now, so what we saw on the moon were some faded black and white photos.
But even so, we can still see some of the things on the moon in these photos.
In fact, the scene on the moon is very different from the heavenly palace imagined by the ancients.
On the moon, there is no living life, and there is no atmosphere here, so the surface of the moon is very dry, and there are many craters on the surface of the moon, which are due to the craters left by the moon hitting other celestial bodies.
The radiation it receives is also very strong, so humans cannot survive on the moon.
In addition, there are some unique environments of the moon on the moon, that is, the moon has lunar frost, which is produced by the high mountains on the moon.
When the mountains on the moon are exposed to sunlight, the minerals on the mountains melt, and when the temperature drops, these minerals solidify, forming lunar frost.
Therefore, there will be such a scene on the moon: there is golden sunlight during the day, and there is a silvery white lunar frost on the moon at night.
So, will there be a day in the sky and a year on earth on the moon?
In fact, time dilation occurs on the Moon due to the fact that the Moon is what is now known as the "Moon".
There are two times on the Moon, one is the time of the Moon and the other is the time of the Earth.
These two times are separated, the time on the Moon is generated according to its revolution and rotation, while the time on Earth is generated according to the rotation of the Earth.
The time elapsed after the Earth orbits the Sun is 1 year, and the time elapsed after the Earth rotates once is 1 day.
So on the Moon, this time dilation will occur, and 1 day on the Moon is 27.32 days relative to the Earth.
If you want to know why 1 day on the Moon and 27.32 days on the Earth, you have to start with the movement of the Moon and the Earth.
As we know, the Moon orbits the Earth, but the Moon's orbit is not a standard circular orbit, but an elliptical orbit, which is also called the white path.
In the process of the moon's orbit around the earth, because the size of the white path is different, so in the process of orbiting, the moon will be farther and farther away from the earth, but there is an exception, that is, in 1972, the Apollo 17 astronauts on the Apollo 17 in the United States, they stayed on the moon for 3 days, during this day, they put the camera on the surface of the moon and used the camera to photograph the surface of the moon.
Through the images taken by the camera, scientists on Earth calculated the white channel where the Moon is located, and the size of this white channel is different from the previous calculation, so scientists on Earth have calculated the date when the Moon will move away from Earth based on this new data, which is called the "lunar return date".
Based on this date, we can see that the white path where the Moon is located is related to the revolution of the Earth, and that a day on the Moon is also related to a day on the Earth.
Because there are many gravitational forces in the white channel where the moon is located, and these gravitational forces affect the tides and climate on the earth, the white path where the moon is located is related to the movement of the earth.
2. The time elapsed by the Earth and the Moon.
Therefore, 1 day on Earth is equivalent to 27.32 days for the Moon.
Then, that "one day in heaven, one year on earth." Where does this come from?
Actually, this statement arises from the fact that the Earth's rotation and rotation cycles are different.
In the process of the earth's revolution, the time period experienced is 1 sidereal year, and in the process of the earth's rotation, the time cycle is 1 sidereal day.
In the process of the rotation of the earth, 1 day is exactly 24 hours, and in the process of revolution, it is 365.24 days.
365.24 days is also known as 1 return year, according to 365.24 days, then the earth will return to its original position after 365.24 days.
Through such calculations, we can know that the time experienced by the Earth and the time experienced by the Moon are different, so it takes 1 day on the Moon and 27.32 days on the Earth to have such a phenomenon.
So, why is this happening?
This is because of the "time dilation" mentioned in the theory of relativity.
Time dilation is due to moving objects, which is an important part of the theory of relativity, which is a theory proposed by Albert Einstein at the beginning of the 20th century to explain the state of motion of moving objects.
In the theory of time dilation, the faster the speed, the slower the time, so when the moon orbits the earth, time dilation occurs because the moon moves very fast.
But one of the most important aspects of the time dilation effect is that the passage of time is irreversible.
In other words, time can be extended by changes in velocity, but time is still an irreversible dimension.
So, where does this time-dilated effect come from?
In fact, Einstein looked at the relationship between time and space from the perspective of relativity, and he found that time and space are related, and they are a whole and inseparable.
In this whole, time and space have different characteristics, and they affect each other, so there is what Einstein called "time dilation".
If we want to explain the expansion effect of time from the perspective of physics, we need to involve theories such as string theory and quantum mechanics, which are theories used to explain the microscopic world.
In these theories, time is an abstraction in the macrocosm, something that cannot be touched, but matter has time, or time is a property of matter.
It is precisely because matter has time that the expansion effect of time arises, and this effect is produced because of the rapid movement of matter, which is also called "relativity".
3. The historical case of "time dilation".
The theory of relativity is a theory proposed by Albert Einstein at the beginning of the 20th century to explain the state of motion of moving objects.
In this theory, there is an important point of knowledge that is "time dilation".
Time dilation is due to moving objects, whereas time is an irreversible dimension.
So in time dilation, time can be extended by changes in velocity, but the passage of time is still irreversible.
So, what are the real-world cases that can prove the effect of time dilation?
In 1971, a satellite was launched in the United States, known as the "Blackbird Satellite", to monitor climate change on Earth.
On this satellite, there is a very accurate atomic clock, which is used to calculate the orbit and speed of the satellite.
In this atomic clock, there are some very important elements that can calculate the speed of a satellite based on its speed and the time it takes.
Among these elements, there is an element called the "cesium atomic clock", which is very special because it can be calculated according to the speed of the earth.
These atomic clocks carried on satellites are very different from those on the ground, because the orbit of the satellite is very high, and the time experienced by these atomic clocks is also different.
However, this does not affect the time recorded by this atomic clock, because the time of the satellite is slower than the time of the Earth, so the time recorded by this atomic clock will be slower.
When people take back the time recorded by these atomic clocks, they will find that these times are not the same as the time when the earth is located, and this difference is the effect of "time dilation".
epilogue
In this effect, the time recorded by a moving object is slower than that recorded by a stationary object, and this effect is known as the "time dilation" effect.
So, what can time on Earth and time on the Moon teach us?
We can get the answer to this question from the knowledge of physics: matter can have time, or time is a property of matter, and it is precisely because matter has time that time will pass, and this passage is irreversible.
In our daily lives, everything in the world has the passage of time, which is irreversible.
Therefore, we should cherish every day in front of us and maintain a healthy lifestyle so that we can better adapt to the passage of time.