Lead
As we all know, the development of the Internet on the mainland is very rapid, and the number of Internet population ranks first in the world.
This project is the ZDNS operated by China, the full name of this project is "Internet Domain Name System National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center", which is mainly responsible for the operation of the mainland's Internet key infrastructure, and the operation of these facilities is to ensure the safe and healthy development of the network.
So what does ZDNS include?
What role does it play in the mainland's Internet security?
How important is it?
First, the development process.
With the development of the Internet, countries have realized that only by regulating the Internet can they protect their own network security, so many countries in the world have established their own national root servers, and the mainland is no exception, so the mainland's "Internet Domain Name System National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center" came into being.
In 2002, Mr. Li Changchun, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, proposed that the "Cyberspace Administration of China" (CNNIC) should carry out the filing of root servers in China, and on July 29, 2003, CNNIC applied for the IP addresses of 13 root servers to the Internet Engineering Task Force for the first time, and the application was approved.
After a year-long preparation, the first root server in the mainland is about to be put into use, which is also an important breakthrough in the development of the Internet's root server.
On July 31, 2004, the root server of the mainland finally reached the standard of international standards and was officially put into operation, and then the root server of the Internet in the mainland gradually formed a complete system in operation, and in 2014, CNNIC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ZDNS, that is, the "Internet Domain Name System National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center" (ZDNS) was formally established.
The ZDNS was also cut by Mr. Li Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, wearing the "ZDNS" brand, marking the official operation of ZDNS, and in 2017, CNNIC became the controlling shareholder of ZDNS.
At this point, ZDNS has officially entered the core field of the Internet in the mainland, and has begun to escort the development of the Internet in the mainland, and has also laid a solid foundation for the security of the Internet in the mainland.
2. The importance of the "root server".
The root server, also known as the "central nervous system" of the Internet, is the core infrastructure of the Internet, and there are only 13 root servers in the world, of which the United States alone occupies 10, and the remaining three are distributed in the United Kingdom, Sweden and Japan.
Therefore, the U.S. cyber hegemony has very strong technical strength, but the U.S. is still worried that other countries will use the root server to carry out cyber attacks on the United States or network blockade, which is why the U.S. continues to reject root server applications from other countries.
The reason why the root server is so important is that its main role is to store the root zone files of the DNS (Domain Name System), and the information of these files is about the management bodies of various top-level domains on the Internet, which can be considered the "yellow pages" of the DNS system, and the DNS system can be considered as a distributed database of countless domain names and IPs mapped to each other, with which Internet users can surf the Internet more conveniently.
The root server, on the other hand, can be thought of as the "yellow pages" of the DNS system, which stores the root zone files of the DNS system (there are only 13), which store the DNS information of all top-level domains, such as .com, . edu、. org、. .net, etc., and the data of the root server is also dynamically updated, and its data is updated once a day.
When the user enters a URL in the browser, the browser will send a request to the local DNS server, and the local DNS server will request the query to the root server, and the root server will return the IP address of the DNS server of the top-level domain name to be queried by the local DNS server, and then the local DNS server will request the query to the DNS server of the top-level domain name. The DNS server of the top-level domain name will return to the local DNS server to query the IP address of the DNS server of the secondary domain name, and then the local DNS server will request the query to the DNS server of the secondary domain name, and the DNS server of the secondary domain name will return the IP address to the local DNS server to query, and the local DNS server will receive the IP address, and then return it to the user's browser, and the user's browser can access the website through this IP address.
3. Root servers in mainland China.
In order to ensure the security of the Internet in the mainland, the mainland has deployed the root server, and many websites in the mainland have supported the IPv6 protocol, and the root server in the mainland also supports IPv6, which means that the domain name resolution system in the mainland can resolve IPv6 addresses.
ZDNS has deployed multiple groups of root mirror servers, all of which support IPv6 to enhance the entire chain of domain name registration, resolution, and management.
How many groups of root mirror servers are there in mainland China?
At present, there are three groups of root mirror servers in mainland China, namely Group A, Group B and Group C, each group has two servers to support failover, and the bandwidth of each group of servers is also 40Gbps, the two servers in Group A are undertaken by Peking University and Tsinghua University, the two servers in Group B are undertaken by the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiaotong University, and the two servers in Group C are undertaken by CNNIC and the Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
epilogue
With the development trend of the global Internet, countries are paying more and more attention to cyber security and independent development, and no longer rely on root servers controlled by a few countries, which helps to reduce cyber risks and maintain national cyber sovereignty.
Through the development of IPv6 and root mirror servers, China not only ensures network security, but also enhances its voice and influence in the development of the global Internet, demonstrating its independent innovation and scientific and technological strength.
In the Internet era, cybersecurity cooperation and information sharing between countries are crucial, and only through international cooperation and joint construction and sharing can we build a more secure, stable and prosperous global Internet environment.