"The Book of Poetry, Shang Song, Xuanniao": "Jun Zhe is only business, and his hair is auspicious." Flood mangmang, Yu lay down the earthwork. The foreign power is Xinjiang, and the territory is long. There is 娀 (sōng) Fang General, Emperor Lizi Shengshang. This is a magnificent chapter that records the history of the origin of the pre-Shang dynasty. Where did the Shang Dynasty and the ancestors of the Shang people come from? Where was the birthplace of the Pioneers? Where is the "Lady Fang"? Where is the "Youyu family"? For thousands of years, the myth and legend of "the daughter of a woman swallowing eggs and giving birth to a businessman" has been popular, and there is no consensus about its location. Since modern times, experts and scholars have formed Shaanxi-Gansu theory, Jinnan theory, Youyan theory, Central Plains theory, Luxinan theory and other sayings for the hometown of Youyu.
In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great changes in the world unseen in a century, with the deepening of academic research and archaeology, a convincing answer has finally been found.
1. The excavation of the bronze inscription "娀" in the Shang Dynasty of Xinle, Hebei Province proves that Xianyu State is the birthplace of the ancestor of the Shang nation.
In 1975, the Hebei Provincial Department of Cultural Relics found a Shang Dynasty bronze with the "娀" character emblem in Xinle in Shijiazhuang City during the cultural relics survey. And, looking at the whole country, this kind of family emblem is the only one that can be seen in this area at present, and only the bronzes here have the family emblem of the Yu clan. It shows that the Hutuo River valley in Shijiazhuang City is the settlement of the Youyu family.
In the spring of 1985, in the farmland of about 200 meters south of the same village in Xinlezhong, 1 piece of copper tripod and 1 piece of Gui were unearthed. The neck is decorated with a circular swirl pattern, with a four-petal pattern interspersed. There is a yin inscription cast along the lower abdomen. According to experts, it is a burial item for the tomb of the late Shang Dynasty. It also provides strong evidence for the existence of the family in this area.
The Youju clan was a tribal tribe of princes in ancient times. The word "娀" is from the female, and the surnames such as Ji and Jiang are the same, and it is produced in a matrilineal clan society that only knows that there is a mother and does not know that there is a father. Emperor Yu (2275 BC - 2176 BC) is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, the concubine of the Emperor Yu has the daughter of the Lou family, Jian Di, who gave birth to a deed because of swallowing swallow eggs, and the deed has long assisted Dayu to control the water, and later became the ancestor of the Shang Dynasty. "Bamboo Book Chronicle • Yin Shang Cheng Tang": "At the beginning, in the life of Gao Xin, the concubine said Jian Di, on the day of the spring equinox Xuanniao solstice, from the emperor's suburbs, and his sister bathed on the Xuanqiu. There is a black bird that falls on the egg, and the five colors are very good. The two competed and were covered with two baskets. Jian Di swallowed it first and became pregnant. Chest cut and born deed. Chang is Yao Situ, successful in the people, and is a businessman. "Historical Records" cloud: "Jiang Yan saw the traces of giants, and abandoned them." There is a deed of swallowing the bird's egg. They are not pregnant with husbands. ”
Not only that, Shang Dynasty bronzes engraved with the "Jiarong" family emblem were found in Wuji County, Shijiazhuang City. In the bronze inscription of the uncle of the Marquis of the Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed in Nanzhang Village, Yuanshi County, it is also recorded that the Hutuo River area was inhabited by "Yurong", and continued to attack the country of Yuguo (the area of present-day Yuanshi County) in the south. "Jiarong" and "Yurong" are all descendants of the Youyu clan. These unearthed cultural relics all eloquently show that there is a long history of the Youlu clan not only really existed for a long time in Chinese history, but also. The Hutuo River Basin is the ancestral home of the ancestor of the Shang people, Jian Di, the mother of Qi.
Cultural relics such as pottery mustaches and milk-footed mustaches unearthed in Zhenjiazhuang, Zhonghaozhuang and Beihoufang in Wuji County show that Wuji Realm has been inhabited by humans in the middle and late Shang Dynasty. Wuji Donghoufang Village, 7.5 kilometers west of the present-day county seat. Bronze vessels, shells, pottery pots, pottery urns, pottery baskets, pottery pots, fish bone basins, plate tiles and other objects have been unearthed one after another. According to the analysis of experts, this place belongs to the Yin (Shang Yi Western Zhou) site.
In Shijiazhuang City, Gaocheng District unearthed the first merchant pottery Xuanniao.
Second, in Gaocheng, Xinle and other places unearthed in the pre-Shang period Tao Xuanniao. The myth and legend of "the daughter of a woman swallowing eggs and giving birth to a merchant" has become a history of faith.
During the Yaoshun period, the Shang tribe, the descendants of the Youlu clan, arose from the north, and the ancestor was the deed, and he was the fourteenth ancestor of Shang Tang who established the Shang Dynasty. "Historical Records" and other historical documents record that there is a daughter of the Lou family, Jian Di, that is, "Jian Di swallowed the eggs of the bird and gave birth to business".
"Historical Records • Yin Benji": "Yin Qi, whose mother is called Jian Di, is the daughter of the Lu family and the second concubine of the emperor. The three of them took a bath, saw the Yuan bird fall its eggs, Jian Di swallowed it, because of the pregnancy contract. The contract is long and Zuo Yu has merit in controlling the water. Emperor Shun is the fate of the deed said: The people are not close, the five products are not trained, you are for Situ and worship the five religions, in the wide. Sealed in Shang and given the surname. "Historical Records • Suo Yin" said: "Zhou Yun: Qi Sheng Yao Dynasty, Shun Shi Ju, must not be a son." With its father's slight, it is not famous. His mother and daughter, and the three of them bathed in Sichuan, the Yuan Bird left eggs, Jian Di swallowed it, and Jian Di was not the second concubine of Emperor Ming. "Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty wrote "The Biography of the Daughters of the Lie, the Mother of the Mother, the Mother of the Contract, the Mother of Jiandi", "The person who is the mother of Jian Di has the eldest daughter of the Lou family. At the time of the emperor's death, he and his sister Di bathed in the water of Xuanqiu. There is a bird with an egg, and it falls over. The five colors are very good, and Jian Di and her sister Di compete to get it. Jian Di took it and swallowed it, and then gave birth to a contract. ″
The Shang nationality is a tribe that admires Xuanniao (Jiayan), and a very primitive pottery Xuanniao found in the north of Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City, is the shape of Jiayan, which proves that the people who worship Xuanniao do live in this area. In Xinle City, pottery Xuanniao in the pre-Shang period was also unearthed. Some of these early pottery vessels engraved with the Xuanyao totem are artifacts from the ancestral era of the Shang people, which are hundreds of years earlier than the Shang Dynasty was established by Shang Tang.
Until the Warring States Period, in this area of Shijiazhuang, the tradition of worshipping Xuanniao still continued. Archaeological discoveries have unearthed many bronzes and pottery with bird motifs. Sima Qian emphasized in the "Historical Records: The Biography of the Goods and Colonies": Zhongshan is thin and crowded...... There are still remnants of sand dunes and Yin Xuandi", these bird-shaped artifacts are the worship objects of the faith of the descendants of Yin Shang.
The black pottery bird pillar plate unearthed from the tomb of King Zhongshan in Pingshan, Hebei.
The bronze bird pillar plate unearthed from the tomb of the king of Zhongshan in Pingshan, Hebei.
The bronze bird pillar basin unearthed from the tomb of King Zhongshan in Pingshan, Hebei Province (detail).
3. The name of Xianyu Country is "Rong" and "Di", which originates from the daughter of the Youyu family, "Jian Di".
1. Xian Yu Guo, whose surname is Youji, a descendant of the Deed, and a descendant of Yin Shang. "History of the Road": "The second concubine of the Emperor Gaoxin has a concubine, called Jian Di, Sheng, Qi Ye, smart and benevolent, Yao Ming Situ, so that the five religions are clothed, and the people are compiled. And Yu is not wasted, it is to accept business, and give the surname of the businessman. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty": "Xinshi, there is Xianyu Pavilion, the old country, and the surname of the child." "The Southern Song Dynasty Luo Mi wrote "Road History": "Xianyu: Continuation Zhiyun: Zi's surname is Guo, Xianyuzi, Zhongshan Xinshi. There is Xianyu Ancient City, "Xinshi, that is, Shijiazhuang City, Zhengding County, Xinchengpu." Xinchengpu Xianyu ancient city ruins unearthed Shang Dynasty copper "sub knife" gluttonous lord.
Xianyu called itself "Rong" and "Di" in order not to forget the Youyu family, not to forget "Jian Di", to be proud of "Rong" and "Di", and to worship "Rong" and "Di". There are many nations, and there are "women" who are big. Youlu's family is famous for her daughter Jian Di's "egg-swallowing businessman", and Jian Di's name is his name and "Di" is his surname. "Historical Records • Preface to the Family of Relatives": "Since ancient times, the emperor and the king who succeeded to the body and kept the text were not only Ne Demao, but also had the help of relatives. Xia Zhixing is also Tu Mountain, and Ji Zhifang is also happy at the end. Yin Zhixing also has a wife, and the killing of Yin Zhizhi is also a daji. Zhou Zhixing also took Jiang Yuan and Tairen. ”
2. "Qiju Fan", that is, in the territory of Pingshan County, Hebei Province, belongs to the Xianyu country in the Spring and Autumn Period. The ancient book "Shiben" of the pre-Qin period: "The contract lives in Tibet, sealed in Shang, and the surname of the son." "Xunzi • Chengxiang Chapter": "King Qixuan, born Zhaoming, lived in Tuoshi, and moved to Shang. "Qi lived in a place called 蕃 (pronounced bō), which is in present-day Pingshan County, Shijiazhuang City. "General History of Shijiazhuang": Stone, that is, the current Yuan's Lushui and Zanhuang Gaoyi Shijishui, today's Huaihe River Basin. Ding Shan believes that the word "Tuo" is the name of the place produced by the unity of Shijishui and Sishui. In 1978, Zhang Xinai, a villager in Xizhang, Yuanshi County, discovered the tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty and unearthed a large number of ancient bronzes and several pieces of jade, among which there are many inscriptions on several bronzes. The bronze inscription has the word "軝".
3. The Youyu clan and the Shang clan originated in the Hutuo River valley and highly overlapped with the territory of the Xianyu Kingdom. According to the Republic of China period "Hebei Province Evolution Chart" records, the territory of Xianyu at that time was considerable, with modern place names, roughly including Zhengding, Gaocheng, Wuji, Shenze, Xinle, Xingtang, Lingshou, Jingcheng, Pingshan, Luquan, Wangdu, Dingzhou, Quyang, Fuping. It is not only recorded in historical documents, but also confirmed by more and more archaeology. This conclusion has gradually been affirmed by the historical community.
4. The above-mentioned Xinle, Pingshan, Gaocheng, Wuji, and Yuanshi are all the hometowns of Xianyu Kingdom. In the territory of Xinle, it belongs to the Tang Kingdom of Emperor Yao. In the spring and autumn period, Xianyu country. Hanxin City and County. "Old Tang Book" volume 39: "New music, ancient Xian Yuzi country." Hanxin City and County belong to Zhongshan County. Sui changed to Xinle. "The Xianyu people centered on today's Zhengding and Xinle and established the Xianyu Kingdom, the Fei Kingdom in the western part of Gaocheng, and the Drum Kingdom in the Jinju area.
Wuji County, as early as the Neolithic period there are human activities, in the summer and Shang period, it is Jizhou, in the Spring and Autumn Period, it belongs to the Xianyu country, Qin Jian Kucheng, the Western Han Dynasty is Wuji, and in 697 A.D. (Tang Wu Zetian period) is named Wuji.
Yuanshi County, "Zhou Chunqiu Xianyu Land, later belonged to Zhongshan." The fiefdom of the Warring States Zhao Gongzi Yuan. Qin belongs to Julu County. Han because of Zhao Gongzi Yuan fiefdom, so the name Yuanshi County, Changshan County to govern this. The Eastern Han Dynasty is because of it. ”
bibliography
1. General History of Shijiazhuang, published by Hebei People's Publishing House, 2010. •
2. "Shijiazhuang City History" (Volume I), Shang Dynasty Noble Feudal Towns and Fang Guo (II), published by Hebei People's Publishing House in October 2021.
3. "New Archaeological Discoveries in Shijiazhuang Area, Hebei Province", Cultural Relics Data Series, Vol. 1, 1977.
4. "Hebei Xinle and Wuji Discover Late Shang Bronzes", Cultural Relics, No. 1, 1987.
5. The 1997 edition of "新乐县志".