In the first month of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), the 24-year-old Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty died, and the third son Xuan Ye was appointed as the crown prince, and then Xuan Ye ascended the throne as Emperor Kangxi.
Although Shunzhi died at the age of 24, he gave birth to many children, he had given birth to eight sons and six daughters at the time of his death, a total of 14 children, leaving aside the children who died young, Shunzhi also had six sons alive when Kangxi succeeded to the throne, namely the second son Fuquan, the third son Kangxi, the fifth son Changning, the sixth son Qishou, the seventh son Longxi, and the eighth son Yonggan.
Don't look at Shunzhi when he died, he still had six sons alive, in fact, his sixth son Qishou and eighth son Yonggan did not live to adulthood, Qishou died at the age of 5, and Yonggan died at the age of 7, so Kangxi really has to face the three brothers Fuquan, Changning and Longxi when he becomes an adult, you must know that the royal brotherhood has always been cruel and ruthless, so what about these brothers after Kangxi succeeded to the throne?
A generation of virtuous kings is blessed
Fuquan is the only brother alive after Kangxi ascended the throne, according to the age he is half a year older than Kangxi, he is the second son of Shunzhi, the two queens of Shunzhi did not give birth to heirs, originally according to the ancient etiquette inheritance is a grandson, no grandson, Shunzhi because there is no son-in-law, according to the ancient etiquette should be the eldest son to succeed to the throne, but the eldest son of Shunzhi Niu Niu died young, so according to the ancient rites of succession order Shunzhi should pass the throne to the older Fuquan.
But at that time, Fuquan was also very young, only 9 years old (virtual age), Fuquan was relatively weak since he was a child, and he was born with a disability in one eye (may be amblyopia or born blind), and then Fuquan himself had no ambition. A year before his death, Shunzhi tested the ambitions of Fuquan and Kangxi and asked them what their ambitions would be when they grew up in the future.
Fuquan replied: "I am willing to be a virtuous king", and Kangxi replied: "I am willing to follow the example of Emperor Ama", after this answer, Shunzhi knew that Fuquan had no imperial ambition since he was a child, and Kangxi was relatively healthy, and he had smallpox and did not die (the smallpox virus was very ferocious at that time, and he could be immunized for life if he did not die after that), so Shunzhi discussed with his mother Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang before his death to let Kangxi inherit the throne.
Not only did Shunzhi love Kangxi, but Xiaozhuang also loved Kangxi, so Xiaozhuang also agreed to be succeeded by Kangxi, so after Shunzhi died, with the support of Xiaozhuang, Kangxi successfully inherited the throne, while Fuquan failed to succeed to the throne.
Since then, due to their similar age, Fuquan has been studying, living and growing up with the young Kangxi, so the two brothers have a very deep relationship with each other, and the two brothers have never been estranged because of imperial power.
Throughout Fuquan's life, he is the least ambitious and most generous prince in the history of the Qing Dynasty, his whole life is like the promise he made when he was a child "willing to be a virtuous king" fulfilled, he has been both civil and military in his life, but there is no shelf, he treats people very generously and easy-going, and never says a bad word about others behind his back, even if this person has hurt him.
So Kangxi has both respect and love for his brother Fuquan, and when Fuquan was 14 years old, Kangxi decreed that he should be canonized as Prince Yu and participate in the government, and he became a powerful king.
Since then, Fuquan, as the king of parliament, has been doing his best to assist Kangxi, and in the early days of Kangxi, when he captured Aobai, leveled the three feudatories, collected Taiwan, and conquered the Mongolian Junggar Department, Fuquan made great efforts and actively made suggestions for Kangxi.
Especially when conquering the Mongolian Dzungar Ministry, Fuquan's performance was the most eye-catching. In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi (1690), the head of the Mongolian Junggar tribe, Galdan, led an army to invade the Inner Mongolia region.
Once Galdan invaded the Inner Mongolia region, the soldiers would directly threaten the capital, so Kangxi couldn't bear it anymore and decided to conquer Galdan in person.
This time to conquer Galdan, Kangxi decided to fight the tiger brothers, and took his brother Fuquan and his younger brother Chang Ning to the battlefield together, so Kangxi appointed Fuquan as the general of Fuyuan, attacked Geerdan from Gubeikou, appointed Chang Ning as the general of Anbei, and attacked Geerdan from Xifengkou, and Kangxi himself led the elite of the last three phases to sit in Boluo and Tun (now Inner Mongolia Zhenglanqinan) in the center to respond to his brother and younger brother.
The victory of this campaign against Galdan was the highlight of his life and the end of his political career. So why did Fuquan's victory become the end of his political career?
It turned out that after Fuquan defeated Galdan's army, because his army ran out of food and grass, he ordered to withdraw without consulting Kangxi, and no longer continued to pursue Galdan, and even had a dispute with his nephew in the army, that is, Kangxi's eldest son Yinhe.
You must know that Fuquan commanded the army as the emperor's brother, and he also took the initiative to withdraw the army, which had violated the taboo of the emperor, and because he withdrew the army, Galdan ran out of the encirclement of the Qing army, so although this battle was won, it made Kangxi very annoyed.
So after Fu Quan's class returned to Beijing, Kangxi held Fu Quan accountable in public, and Yinhe also stood up at this time to testify that Fu Quan withdrew from the army without authorization, and the honest and honest Fu Quan testified against his younger brother and nephew, he could only say silently: "What can I say!" ”
Fuquan's words are equivalent to admitting all responsibilities, so Kangxi severely reprimanded Fuquan in public, and also issued an order on the spot to announce the revocation of Fuquan's qualifications to participate in politics and politics, and handed him over to the Ministry of War for discussion. The Ministry of War thought that Kangxi was going to take the opportunity to clean up his brother, so he gave the results of the treatment and suggested that he should be confined by taking away the title of Fuquan.
Of course, Kangxi didn't really want to clean up Fuquan, he just took this opportunity to knock it out, so he retained Fuquan's title of prince in gratitude for Fuquan's great contribution to the court, and changed it to a painless and painless fine for three years.
After that, Kangxi deliberately brought Fuquan with him when he conquered Galdan for the second and third time, wanting him to atone for his crimes, until Galdan was completely defeated, Kangxi restored Fuquan's qualifications to participate in politics.
However, since then, Fuquan has only been in the name of the king of parliament and rarely participates in government affairs, and he understands that sibling affection is far less than the imperial power, so he tries to ask less about government affairs, so as not to arouse Kangxi's suspicion, so as to preserve the sibling relationship between him and Kangxi.
At the beginning of the forty-second year of Kangxi (1703), Fuquan was ill, initially Fuquan was not very sick, Kangxi also visited Prince Yu's mansion many times, and later Kangxi saw that his health improved, so he left Beijing to inspect the outside of the Saiwai, and this parting turned out to be a farewell to heaven and man.
After Kangxi learned the news, he ordered to return to Beijing immediately, and on the other hand, he asked the imperial doctor not to let Fuquan die no matter what, he had to see his brother for the last time. But unfortunately, he still failed to see Fuquan for the last time, Fuquan died at the age of 51, and his royal car rushed back to the capital on the third day of Fuquan's death.
For this reason, Kangxi personally went to Prince Yu's mansion to support the coffin on the day of Fuquan's funeral, especially during the funeral, Kangxi caressed the coffin and refused to let go, crying bitterly.
Later, Kangxi gave Fuquan the nickname "Xian", which is very beautiful in the law, and pays attention to "both civil and military, erudite and talented, generous and easy-going", and this nickname is also very consistent with Fuquan's deeds in helping his younger brother Kangxi create a prosperous world in his life.
After Fuquan's death, Kangxi specially ordered someone to paint a portrait of him and Fuquan sitting side by side under the shade of Tong, this portrait implies the meaning of siblings and old age, after painting, Kangxi alone on the portrait to miss Fuquan.
Fuquan has a gentle and generous personality in this life, and he also knows the gains and losses, he actively made suggestions when his younger brother Kangxi needed him, and made a lot of contributions to the early stage of Kangxi's prosperity, and later he was able to retreat bravely, for fear of causing his younger brother Kangxi to be jealous, he took the initiative to fade out of the political arena, and his brotherhood with Kangxi can start and end well.
It can be said that Fuquan's life did fulfill his promise of "willing to be a generation of virtuous kings", so Kangxi respected and loved him so much, and the brotherly relationship between the two was also very deep.
The mediocre Chang Ning
Chang Ning was 4 years younger than Kangxi and was his fifth brother, and when Shunzhi died, he was only about four years old. At the age of 14, he was canonized as Prince Gong by Kangxi, which was different from Prince Gong in the late Qing Dynasty, and he was the first Prince Gong in the history of the Qing Dynasty.
However, compared to his brother Fuquan and Kangxi, Chang Ning seems to be mediocre, and there are very few records of him in history, only recording that he and Fuquan divided into two ways to lead the army to defeat Galdan, and finally he obeyed Fuquan's command and did not pursue Galdan and withdrew, he and Fuquan were punished together, and he was also fined for three years, and there is almost no record of him in historical materials since then.
When Chang Ning appeared again in the historical materials, it was his nephew Yongzheng period, recorded in the "Qing Shizong Record": Chang Ning, the prince of Shu Gong, was deeply loved by the emperor in the past, did not know how to be grateful for the service, followed laziness, and neglected for life, which is known at home and abroad.
Yongzheng's meaning means that Changning was deeply loved by Kangxi, but he couldn't serve the country, but he was often lazy and slippery, so he was not loved by Kangxi.
At that time, Chang Ning had already passed away, and Yongzheng could still say these words in public to criticize him, which shows that he was very unpopular in the eyes of both his brother Kangxi and his nephew Yongzheng.
And it can be seen from Yongzheng's evaluation of Chang Ning that Chang Ning is a relatively lazy person, so when Kangxi entrusted him with important tasks, he not only couldn't help Kangxi, but betrayed Kangxi's trust because of laziness, which also made him not reused by Kangxi like Fuquan, so that his life was very mediocre.
Of course, Kangxi doesn't like it or not, according to historical records, he is okay with Chang Ning, and he didn't make it too difficult for him, but he still gave Chang Ning a high title and treatment.
However, it can be seen from Chang Ning's treatment after his death that he is far inferior to Fuquan in Kangxi's mind. Chang Ning and Fuquan died in the same year, and he died more than half a month earlier than Fuquan, at the age of 47. It's just that when he died, Kangxi just went to pay tribute in person, and Kangxi was not as sad as Fuquan when he died, and the funeral was far less grand than Fuquan.
After Fuquan's death, his son Baotai was supposed to inherit the title of the county prince according to the Qing Dynasty's hereditary descending title rules, but Kangxi deliberately made an exception so that Baotai did not need to be demoted to inherit the title, and directly inherited the title of Prince Yu.
After Chang Ning's death, his son Haishan should have been demoted to inherit the title of county king, but because Haishan was a lazy person like Chang Ning, Kangxi also looked down on Haishan very much, so Kangxi made an exception for Haishan and let him be demoted one more level to inherit the title of Baylor.
It looks like Kangxi made such an exception to their descendants after the death of his brother and younger brother, but this exceptional treatment is simply two extremes, which shows that Kangxi respects and loves his brother Fuquan more in his heart, while Chang Ning is not liked by him.
After Chang Ning died, Kangxi didn't even give him a nickname, maybe Chang Ning was too mediocre in his life, and Kangxi didn't know what nickname to use to describe him, so he simply didn't give him a nickname, saving himself his brains.
Compared with after Fuquan's death, Kangxi missed Fuquan all day long in front of the portrait, and Kangxi almost never mentioned him in public after Chang Ning's death, which shows that Kangxi and Fuquan have a deep relationship with the brothers, and the brotherly relationship with Chang Ning is very ordinary.
Longxi, who died young
Longxi is the seventh son of Shunzhi, and the youngest son of Shunzhi who survived and grew up, Longxi was only a little more than a year old when Shunzhi died, so Kangxi loved this young brother very much, and he was crowned Prince Chun when he was 14 years old.
Although Kangxi took good care of Longxi, Longxi was very short-lived, and died shortly after getting married at the age of 19. After Longxi died, Kangxi gave him the nickname "Jing", you must know that Longxi died at the age of 19, and Kangxi also gave him a nickname, compared to Chang Ning, who died at the age of 47, Kangxi did not give him a nickname, which shows that Longxi is more loved by Kangxi than Chang Ning.
When Longxi died, Kangxi showed great grief and boycotted the dynasty for three days. At the time of Longxi's death, it happened that his concubine Fu Jin Shangjia was pregnant, and finally gave birth to a posthumous son Fulhulun, Kangxi was very happy about this, thinking that his younger brother finally had an heir, Kangxi specially ordered that Fulhulun, who had just been born, did not need to be demoted to directly inherit the title of Prince Chun.
However, Fulhulun was not blessed, he died at the age of 2, so far Longxi's lineage was completely extinct, and Kangxi could only remove the title of pure prince. From these, it can be seen that Longxi is very loved by Kangxi, if he hadn't died young, he would have been more loved and reused by Kangxi than Chang Ning.
Write at the end
Because Kangxi's succession was recognized by Shunzhi and Xiaozhuang, his succession was reasonable and legitimate, relatively calm and without waves, so Kangxi was able to maintain enough family affection in treating his brothers after succeeding to the throne.
After Kangxi succeeded to the throne, his three brothers were treated very well, even Chang Ning, who was the least treated by him, was able to die a rich and good death, and his brotherhood towards his second brother Fuquan can be called a model of ancient emperors.
Therefore, Shunzhi's sons who grew up and survived were treated well by Kangxi, who was also one of the emperors in Chinese history who treated his brothers better and attached more importance to brotherhood.
References: "Qing Historical Manuscript", "Qing Shilu"
Text/Kojima Chifu
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