Written by Sun Xiuhua
Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty wrote in his poem "Two Songs on March 29th":
The South Ridge is purple and green over the clouds, and the rain in the North River sends desolation.
When I wake up and rejuvenate myself, I sit behind closed doors and burn incense.
The orange blossoms outside the door are still green, and the lychees on the wall have been spotted.
The trees are dark and the grass is deep and quiet, and the roller shutters lie on the pillow to watch the mountains.
The first poem ends with "closed door and hides a few", the second poem immediately follows "outside the door", and then writes "the wall", and then writes the courtyard "the trees are dark and the grass is deep and quiet", and finally it comes down to "rolling the curtain and pillow and looking at the mountain" in the hall or bedroom. What's even more exquisite is that the second ending sentence of the cloud "lying down to see the mountain" is, of course, closely connected with the first sentence of the first song, "Nanling through the clouds and opening the purple cui", that is, the mountain that Su Shi looks at is "Nanling", so echoing from beginning to end without leaving a trace, it is really everyone's handwriting!
Su Shi's poem was written in the fourth year of Song Zhezong's Shaosheng (1097 AD), with "March 29" as the title of the poem, because this day is the "end of spring" - orange blossoms are in full bloom, bright and bright, fragrant; The lychee is about to ripen and colorful. The eyes are full of beautiful scenes, but they are full of infinite "desolation" - at this time, Su Shi has been degraded in Huizhou for three years, so it is inevitable that there is "Beijiang Flying Rain Sending Desolation" in the poem, but Mr. Dongpo's feelings are far away, you can "sit and burn incense behind closed doors", and you can "roll up the curtain and lie on the pillow to watch the mountain". But of course, such a peaceful day did not last long, according to Su Shi's "Zhichanghua Army Thank You Table": "On April 17 this year, I was ordered by the defendant to give the minister Qiongzhou not to drive, and the Changhua army was resettled. Chen Xun left Huizhou on the 19th of the same month, ......", that is, only half a month after Su Shi wrote these two poems, he received an order from the imperial court and was relegated from Huizhou to Hainan Island.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, official information was disseminated much faster than official documents, and the turmoil in the court was often quickly reported to the relevant officials in remote places. "Beijiang Flying Rain Sends Desolation", we can even speculate that Su Shi either knew in advance that he and his younger brother Su Zhe and other "Yuanyou Party members" would be degraded again and again when he wrote "Two Songs on March 29", or at least knew the general news that he would be degraded again and again. And if this is the case, if we carefully read these two poems of Su Shi "The End of Spring", we really have to sigh at Mr. Dongpo's broad mind and calm and relaxed demeanor.
The scribes of the Tang and Song dynasties sang "The End of Spring", which naturally expressed the feelings of cherishing the sadness and passing away of spring, but not all of them had such a "story" as Su Shi's two poems. The so-called "end of spring" refers to the last day of March in the summer calendar, which is generally March 30. However, as far as the calendar that adopts the "fixed Shuo method" and is based on the "synodic month", not every year has 30 days in March, for example, the last day of the "lunar calendar" March in 2024 this year is the 29th day - and this scene is completely consistent with the fourth year of Song Zhezong Shaosheng (1097 AD) when Su Shi wrote "Two Songs on March 29".
The earliest poem with the title of "The End of Spring" was Bai Juyi, a master in the Tang Dynasty, and Bai Juyi wrote three poems with the title of "The End of Spring". Bai Juyi's poem "Tianjin Bridge Drunken Yin Presents Li Yin Shilang at the End of Spring" says:
Suyu washes Tianjin, no mud and no dust.
初晴迎早夏,落照送残春。
Xingfa poems are casual, and they come to drink wildly.
The water's edge is majestic, and the bridge is patrolling.
Shu Fu is in an old mood, and Wu Gongzheng is new.
Sanchuan has a master, and the scenery belongs to idlers.
This is a five-character arrangement, which is given to the occasion, "Xingfa poems are casual", such as "no mud and no dust", which is indeed too "casual". The "Tianjin Bridge" in the title of the poem has nothing to do with our current Tianjin, and the site of the "Tianjin Bridge" is in the southwest of Luoyang City, Henan Province. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang in the first year of the great cause (605 AD), with Luoshui running through the capital, there is the weather of the Tianhan Jinliang, because of the construction of the bridge name called "Tianjin Bridge". "Tianjin Bridge" was burned down by Li Mi at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and was rebuilt and reinforced several times in the Tang Dynasty, which was a famous spot at that time, so celebrities such as Bai Juyi and so on would send spring and farewell to spring in this Internet celebrity check-in place, poetry, wine, song and dance. Bai Juyi sighed for the spring and hurt the spring, and there was another poem that also wrote about the "Tianjin Bridge", Bai Juyi's poem "Spring Feeling with Friends Luozhong" said: "Mo sad in the middle of the moon in the Golden Valley Garden, Mo sigh for the spring on the Tianjin Bridge." If you learn to find the past, where in the world does not hurt people? ”
Bai Juyi's poem "Spring Day Banquet Feels Alone and Sings":
March of the fifth year is now over, and the guests are scattered and the feast is empty.
Sickness and happiness live together, and spring returns with Fan Zi for a while.
Listen to the words of the warbler, and think about the poplar flowers flying everywhere.
The gold-belted waist shirt is entrusted, and it is too thin to wear clothes every year.
The first sentence "five years of March is now the end" shows that this poem was written on March 30 in the fifth year of Tang Wenzong (840 AD), when Bai Juyi was sixty-nine years old, and he was appointed as the prince and young master of the Eastern Capital (Luoyang), and was named the Marquis of Fengyi County.
Two years later, in the second year of Tang Wuzong Huichang (842 AD), Bai Juyi's poem "The End of Spring" said:
Fangjingpin is full of residual heat, and he feels that he is thinking about things and sitting with affection.
No one speaks, and there is wine and self-pouring.
Drunk with a few red peony herbs, thirsty to taste a bowl of green Changming.
Spring return is like sending a warbler to leave a message, and it is good to live in the garden three or two sounds.
Regarding the "Green Changming" in the neck couplet, Bai Juyi said to himself: "The name of Shu tea is also." "Changming County in the Tang Dynasty is roughly Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province, and it can be seen from Bai Juyi's annotation that Changming tea was regarded as the leader of Shu tea at that time. The "green" of "green Changming" does not refer to today's "green tea", in the era of Bai Juyi, the tea products are roughly similar to today's matcha, and the superior tea soup should be bright green.
Wang Wei has a poem "Summer Wood Yin Yin Yellow Warbler", in the eyes of the amorous literati, it seems that it is the amorous yellow warbler that calls spring, and it is the chirping and singing of this amorous yellow warbler that sends away the beautiful spring and ushers in the summer time. Reading the couplet at the end of Bai Juyi's "The End of Spring", "Spring returns like sending a warbler to leave a message, and it is good to live in the garden three or two sounds", the yellow warbler bird has become the left-behind messenger of the spring return, as if you can hear the yellow warbler bird singing and changing her voice, as if it contains endless lingering feelings...... The mood is just like Wen Tingyun's handsome words in "River Biography on the Lake": "Spring is late, and the warbler's empty intestine is broken." ”
In fact, Bai Juyi's writing of "The End of Spring" can be traced back to the first year of Yongzhen of Tang Shunzong (805 AD). This year, Bai Juyi's poem "March 30th Inscription of Ci'en Temple":
The spring of mercy and grace is now over, and Pei returns to the temple gate every day.
The melancholy spring can't be stayed, and the wisteria flowers are gradually dusk.
The poem was written on the end of spring on March 30, and the theme of the poem is "melancholy spring can not be stayed".
In the tenth year of Tang Xianzong's Yuanhe (815 AD), Bai Juyi's best friend Yuan Zhi was demoted to Tongzhou Sima (located in Dazhou City, Sichuan Province today), and it was March 30, Bai Juyi sent Yuan Zhi off to the west of Chang'an, the capital of "Dili", on the west bank of Fengshui. Bai Juyi's poem "Chengxi Bie Yuan Jiu" says:
On March 30 in the west of the city, farewell friends resigned from spring and hated a lot.
Dili is still lonely, what if Tongzhou goes alone?
For this poem, Yuan Zhen wrote a poem to remember, which is very sincere. Yuan Zhen's poem "Fengxi Bei Lotian Bozai Fan Zongxian, Li Jingxin, Two Xiucai Nephews, and Gu on March 30th" poem:
Today, we will send each other from the same trip, and the wine will be poetic for don't worry.
Suddenly, he went back to Fengxi and rode to Tongzhou.
In the second year, on March 30 of the eleventh year of Tang Xianzong Yuanhe (816 AD), Bai Juyi, who was demoted to Sima of Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi), sent spring to the head of the Xunyang River. Bai Juyi's poem "Sending Spring Back" says:
Send spring back, at the end of March.
Last year, the apricot orchard flowers flew to the ditch green, where to send the spring song Jiangqu.
This year, the azaleas are crying, and where is the spring sent to Xijiangxi.
The imperial city is still sad to send spring, can the end of the world send spring without melancholy?
Don't be melancholy, send the spring people.
There is no replacement for five years, and it should be allowed to be sent to Xunyangchun again.
Five years of heat and cold have changed, and I know whether this body is healthy or not.
It's good to send Jiang Shangchun this year, and see you next year if you don't die.
In the twelfth year of Tang Xianzong's reign (817 AD), Bai Juyi wrote a seven-character poem entitled "Remembrance of the Temple of Mercy and Grace on March 30, Reward Yuan Yuan":
I hope that the mercy and grace will end in March, and the purple tung flowers will fall into the pass.
Sincerely know that Qu Shui is reminiscent of spring, and his Nai Changsha has not yet been returned.
The voice of the Chiling ape urged the white head, and the yellow grass miasma changed to the red face.
Who said that there is no frost and snow in the south, all in the sad sideburns.
On March 11, the 14th year of Emperor Yuanhe of Tang Xianzong (819 AD), Bai Juyi had been appointed as the governor of Zhongzhou (located in Zhongxian County, Chongqing City), and Yuan Zhi moved from Sima to Tongzhou to the governor of Yuzhou (located in Lingbao City, Henan). On the way up the Yangtze River, Bai Juyi met Yuan Zhi in Yiling Huangniu Gorge, "meeting after five years". Bai Juyi's "Ten Years March 30 Don't Be Small in Fengshang, and On March 11 of the Fourteenth Year, the Night Meets Wei in the Gorge. Stop at the boat and say goodbye to the tomb. Those who are inexhaustible will end with poetry. Because of the gift of seven words and seventeen rhymes, and want to remember the place he met and the time he met, he talked about Zhang Benye's poem for his year:
At the end of spring, the head of the Fengshui store will send you to the horse and Tongchuan.
On the moonlit night at the mouth of Yiling Gorge, it is an accident that you meet here.
After five years of farewell, they did not return to the ship for three nights.
Sitting at dusk, he sighed, and he didn't sleep until dawn.
The teeth are fifty, and the Guan River is three thousand.
The career is sent to the Cangjiang River, and the countryside and the country are thrown away from the day.
The past is like a dream, and the old tour is half returned to the spring.
Drunk and sad sprinkled tears in the spring cup, chanting bitterly in front of the dawn candle.
Don't ask Long Zhong about his bad official position, and listen to the crisp and good article.
Don't just become a poet, how can you be more drunk when you get old.
Each limit must go to live and reopen the banquet.
The ox crossed to the north to conquer the river, and the white dog cliff rolled a farewell feast in the east.
The goddess Taiyun is idle, making the water of Juntan gurgling.
The wind is sad and the willows are sad, and the moon hangs and cries at night.
At the bottom of the red building, a white gorge is in the sky.
Jun returned to Qindi, and I went to Zhongzhou into the miasma.
If you are not dead, you should see each other, and you know where and what year?
"At the end of spring in Fengshui store, send you to the horse and Tongchuan." "Jun returned to Qindi, and I went to Zhongzhou for miasma." Sigh and sigh, the "spring day" love of "Yuan Bai", a pair of good poets, is really amazing!
"Where is the spring king? Jun is in the San'in Department. Later, regarding the poems of "The End of Spring", Bai Juyi also wrote a five-character long poem "Twenty-three Poems of Hewei, and Forty Rhymes on March 30th", as well as another "leisurely" "leisurely" "Leisurely poem" "March 30th":
今朝三月尽,寂寞春事毕。
The yellow bird gradually fell silent, and the red cherry blossom was newly strong.
The wind sighs alone, and this sigh is not one.
Half a hundred years have passed for nine years, and the sun is gone.
Laughter decreases with the years, and decay increases day by day.
And send flowers to sing, send this cup of things.
There is a saying in the poem that "half a hundred is more than nine years", which shows that Bai Juyi was fifty-nine years old at the time, so this poem should have been written in the fourth year of Taihe of Tang Wenzong (830 AD), Bai Juyi had been appointed as the prince's guest branch of the Eastern Capital. And the poet's "sigh in the wind", which makes the reader feel that the most prominent thing is "increasing the decay day by day", which is Bai Juyi lamenting old age and decay, riddled with diseases, although there are singing and dancing flowers, poetry and wine entertainment, still sighing that the spring is old, the youth is no more, and the years are in a hurry.
In the Song Dynasty, Xiang Zixu admired Bai Juyi and Su Shi very much, and he also deliberately wrote the lyrics of "Spring Day", which was very fresh and beautiful, and even a little soft and beautiful. Xiang Ziji's "Three-Character Order: The End of Spring" said:
At the end of spring, when the rain is over. Red Ripples, Green Ripples. Flowers all over the ground, horizontal pools. In the smoke and light, on the shadow of the clouds, the boat is moving.
The tattooed mandarin ducks are combined, and the white gulls fly. The song rhymes, and the wine is late. Put my mind into a new poem. Spring wants to go, stay and stay, Mo Jiao returns.
"Three-character order", three words for a sentence, but written calmly, water light painting boats, flowers, birds, poems and wine, so brilliant. Such a small order is the most shallow chanting and low singing, showing the attitude of cherishing the spring children.
Southern Song Dynasty Dai retro "The End of Spring" poem:
After March, it was spring and summer.
Flower remnant bee honey, forest birds nest.
The grass is green, and the new fence is green.
The coquettish will be cut off, who has the continuation glue?
The first two sentences point out the theme of "the end of spring", and the middle four sentences are all scenes, showing the beauty of the scenery at the turn of spring and summer with paving techniques. But suddenly the chapter is revealed, and the author has the responsibility of destiny in the poetry, which greatly sublimates the ideological realm of "the end of spring" writing. "The coquettish will be cut off, who has the continuation glue?" The last two sentences of this poem roughly mean that the tradition of the "National Style" of the "Book of Songs" and the masterpiece of "Lisao" to undertake the mission of the times and reflect the voice of the times is about to be broken; Who today can use the best glue to connect the strings and play the tune of elegance? In this way, the sadness of the writing of the "end of spring" in the past, there seems to be a vigorous flame in the poem "The End of Spring", burning with courage and loyalty, shining with the feelings of the family and the country, beyond personal sorrow, with such thinking and thinking, looking at the world, and embracing the past and the present, it can be called a true realization of "a scholar can not be Hongyi, and there is a long way to go".