1. Common sense of traffic safety
Develop good travel habits
When driving, obey traffic laws and don't run red lights. Speeding, drunk driving are strictly prohibited. Maintain your vehicle regularly and check its condition.
When traveling by public transportation, you should get on and off the bus in order, and it is strictly forbidden to carry flammable, explosive and other dangerous goods on the bus.
When riding a bicycle, you should always pay attention to your surroundings and turn your hand to avoid sudden sharp turns. Don't ride in a group or chase each other.
Pedestrians cross the street and use the crosswalk, and carefully observe the traffic when crossing the intersection.
What to do if you encounter a dangerous driving car
When the brakes fail, you should control the direction according to the road conditions and speed, and use the handbrake in combination with the handbrake while changing to low gear. At the same time, you can use the bumper of the car to rub and collide with roadside obstacles, and forcibly stop to escape.
If the vehicle breaks down on the road, the driver should immediately place a warning triangle on the back of the vehicle. At the same time, drivers and passengers should move to a safe place and not stay in the vehicle.
Stay calm in the event that a vehicle falls into the water. When the car enters the water, you should try to escape from the back seat of the car because the front of the car is heavy. If the windows and doors cannot be opened after entering the water, you can first put your face as close to the roof as possible to ensure normal breathing, and wait until the water slowly pours in from the gap in the car and the water pressure inside and outside the car is flat, and then open the door to escape.
What to do in the event of a car accident
In case of traffic accidents, you should first call the 122 accident police number, and if there are casualties, you should immediately call the 120 emergency number. If someone is injured, do not rush to move the injured person, but first check whether the injured person is unconscious, whether there is a heartbeat and breathing, whether there is heavy bleeding, and whether there are obvious fractures. If the injured person is unconscious, loosen the underwear on the neck, chest and waist, turn the head to one side, and remove the dirt from the mouth and nose to avoid suffocation. If the heart and breathing stop, rescue breaths and chest compressions should be performed immediately. If there is severe bleeding from the wound, the head can be lowered, the wound can be raised, and the wound can be pressed with a clean handkerchief or towel to stop the bleeding.
2. Common sense of earthquakes
Tips for avoiding danger in the event of an earthquake
If you are indoors, you can choose a small kitchen, bathroom and other places to take shelter temporarily, or take shelter next to objects with good stability, such as iron cabinets, standing cabinets, and heating, but do not get into them. In the process of evading, attention should be paid to avoiding weak parts of the wall, such as near doors and windows. Try to protect your head with items around you, such as quilts, pillows, etc.
If you are in a car, you should drive away from a dangerous area such as an overpass and brake to slow down gradually. Passengers should hold on to armrests, pillars, chairs, etc., to protect their heads.
If you are outdoors, stay away from chimneys, water towers, tall trees and buildings with glass curtain walls; Avoid dangerous objects such as transformers, high-voltage lines, and utility poles; Stay away from dilapidated buildings, fences and other buildings that are prone to collapse; Stay away from narrow streets, choose open places to crouch or lie down, and don't run around.
Self-rescue and rescue after the earthquake
If you are buried after an earthquake, you must be confident that someone will come to the rescue. If 2 or more people are buried together, be sure to encourage each other. On the premise of being able to move, the obstacles should be gradually removed and try to break free. Try to ensure a certain amount of space for movement, and if possible, cover your mouth and nose with a towel to avoid choking on dust. Don't call blindly, try to save physical strength, use the method of tapping to send a distress signal, pay attention to the movement outside, and wait for the opportunity to call for help.
In the process of searching for the buried person, be sure to find someone who is familiar with the situation for guidance, and look for it according to local living habits; You can shout or tap on an object, and lean over the rubble to listen carefully for a response.
In the process of rescuing people, you can use shovels, pickaxes, crowbars and other tools, combined with hand pickpockets to dig up the buried people. During the excavation, it is necessary to first find the head of the buried person, clean up the mouth and nose foreign bodies, and dig out the buried person in the order of chest, abdomen, waist and legs in order to avoid secondary injury.
If the person who is buried and pressed is seriously injured, the rescuer shall not be forced to pull and drag, but shall try to expose the whole body of the person who is buried and pressed, find out the injury, and take bandaging and fixation or other first aid measures. For those who are temporarily unable to be rescued, the space under the rubble should be ventilated, food and drinking water should be delivered, and rescue should be carried out when the time is ripe.
3. Common sense of gas safety
Precautions when using gas
In rooms with natural gas, users are not allowed to use other fuels, such as bottled liquefied gas, coal, etc.
The length of the natural gas rubber pipe should not exceed 2 meters, the rubber pipe should not pass through the wall, and it should be checked and replaced regularly, and the rubber pipe should be replaced in time if it is found to be aged, cracked, tortuous or damaged.
Gas appliances must be turned off immediately after each use, and they should be confirmed to be safe and free of air leakage before ventilation and ignition.
When cooking, the kitchen should be supervised at all times to avoid the soup from overflowing and extinguishing the fire, which may cause gas leakage.
In case of sudden interruption of gas supply, the gas appliance switch and indoor gas main valve should be closed at the same time until the normal gas supply can be continued.
The use of gas "six" is not allowed
1. It is not allowed to dismantle or alter gas facilities and appliances without authorization. If it is to be demolished or renovated (such as decoration), it must be constructed by a gas installation and maintenance enterprise with corresponding qualifications. If it is really necessary to move the gas metering device and the facilities before the metering device, the consent of the gas supply unit must be obtained.
2. It is not allowed to seal and install gas pipelines, valves, flow meters, gas appliances and other gas facilities, such as in walls, ceilings, cabinets, stoves, etc.
3. It is not allowed to pile up sundries or live in the room where gas meters, valves and other facilities are installed.
4. It is not allowed to hang wires, ropes, or sundries in the gas pipeline room.
5. It is not allowed to open or close the public valve of the gas pipeline without permission.
6. It is forbidden to illegally use gas facilities and steal or transfer gas.
Routine leak detection
The common method is to use a brush dipped in soapy water to apply to the ports of the gas switch, if there are bubbles, it means that there is a gas leak. Do not inspect with an open flame. If a problem is found, effective measures should be taken in a timely manner and the professionals of the gas unit should be notified to deal with it.
In order to detect gas leaks in time, it is recommended to install a household gas alarm and have a fire extinguisher on hand to prevent a fire.
If you find a leak in indoor gas facilities or gas appliances, please follow the steps below: quickly close the main valve of the gas source; cut off the outdoor main power supply; extinguish all fire; Quickly open doors and windows; It is strictly forbidden to turn on or off any electrical appliances or use mobile phones, and you should go outdoors to call the gas company for emergency repairs and emergency calls.
Fourth, the common sense of fire escape in high-rise buildings
Escape common sense
Use the staircase corridor to escape. In the early stage of the fire, when the stairs and corridors are not completely enclosed by the fire, you can wrap your body with a wet quilt or blanket, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel, and lower yourself to rush out of the trapped area.
Use a window to escape. If you are trapped in a fire, you can use a window to escape, tie the end of a rope or bed sheet to a fixed element in the room, and slide down the rope or bed sheet (this method is not recommended if the floor is too high).
Use the pipe to escape. If there is a water supply pipe on the wall outside the room, you can use the pipe to escape (this method is not recommended if the floor is too high).
Do not take an ordinary elevator to escape.
Common sense for help
When the corridors and stairs of the fire floor are blocked by fireworks, the trapped people should try to get as close as possible to the windows or balconies and other places that are easy to be seen, and send distress signals to the rescuers, such as calling and throwing some small objects downstairs. In the dark, you can also use a flashlight to shine down, so that rescuers can find it in time and take measures.
In the event of a fire outside, do not open the door to prevent external flames and smoke from entering. Silk fabrics such as blankets should be sandwiched between the cracks of the door and cold water should be poured over them constantly.
In smoke-filled rooms and hallways, there is relatively less smoke closer to the floor due to smoke and heat rising. When escaping, it is best to bend down so that the head is as close to the floor as possible, and crawl forward if necessary.
Remember not to hide under the bed, in the closet, or in the attic to avoid flames or smoke. These places are the most dangerous places at the scene of a fire, and they are not easy to be detected by firefighters, making it difficult to get timely rescue.
Fifth, the safety of electric bicycles
Do not overcharge
The charging time of the e-bike battery should not exceed 12 hours. Overcharging will shorten the battery life, and multiple long-term charging will cause the battery to lose water, and in serious cases, it will cause the battery to overheat and bulge, causing an explosion.
Do not pull the cord to charge privately
Do not connect the temporary wire for charging, or pull the "flying cable" from indoors to the outdoor to charge the electric bicycle, otherwise the power cord is easy to be damaged and cause a fire.
Make sure the charger and battery model match
During use, do not change the e-bike battery or buy a different model charger without permission. The mismatch of parameters and models will lead to excessive voltage during charging, aggravated battery water loss, and rapid heating up causing explosion.
Ensure the safety of the charging place
Do not charge in public stairwells, corridors, safety exits and other evacuation areas, so as not to block the safety passage after the fire and cause casualties.
Regular maintenance
Do not use "overdue service" batteries, do not install immobilizers privately, and increase the electrical load. After the e-bike breaks down, it should be handed over to a professional for repair.
Sixth, household appliances safety knowledge
When buying household appliances, be sure to carefully read the product manual and compare whether the rated voltage of the product is consistent with the power supply voltage of the home location.
Household appliances should not be placed in places with moisture, heat sources, or flammable materials and dust.
During the operation of household appliances, do not touch the switch or its metal shell with wet hands, let alone touch the electrical components.
When using electrical appliances such as hair dryers and irons, do not wrap wires around your hands or forearms.
When using electric heating appliances, there must be an overheating protection device. If there is abnormal smell and noise, the power should be cut off immediately.
It is necessary to frequently check the power leads, plugs, and sockets of electric heating appliances with large power, and replace them in time if they are found to be aging or damaged.
If there is an exposed place in the power supply lead or power supply line, it should be wrapped with electrical tape.
Household appliances that require a three-pin plug and a three-pin socket to be introduced into the power cord, do not replace it with a symmetrical two-pin plug and a two-pin socket.
Before the electrical appliance is energized and put into trial operation, the switch should be placed in the shutdown position. The start-up, commissioning, shutdown and other processes should be carried out in strict accordance with the operation sequence indicated in the manual. If an abnormal phenomenon occurs after powering on, it should be shut down immediately and the power supply should be cut off.
Source: Ministry of Emergency Management
Forward: Xue Hongshuai
Editor-in-charge: Li Chongzhou
Review: Fuhong