The author of this article: Grand Duke Petropavlovsk of Habsburg
Part 1: Is "The Terminator" the ultimate in Hollywood's slow-swallowing action movie? Talking about the origins of Hong Kong action movies
Part 2: Although "Kung Fu" is good-looking, it is by no means a typical representative of Hong Kong action movies
Part 3: The source of Hong Kong action movies is it, and 97.8% of people don't know it
Part 4: Why do inns always appear in Hong Kong martial arts films? It all started with Hu Jinquan
It is said that in May 1949, Shanghai Vientiane Film Company planned a folk drama film reflecting the Gaoshan people in Taiwan, and needed to go to Taiwan to shoot. So the team led by director Zhang Ying and screenwriter Zhang Che went to Taiwan, and this "Alishan Fengyun" accidentally became the first Chinese film shot in Taiwan.
Baidu and Douban both say so. But if you know the history and check it a little, the People's Liberation Army's battle to cross the river was fought on April 20, 1949, and the Shanghai campaign was launched on May 12. At this time, can you still plan a movie that reflects Taiwanese folklore? It's doubtful that it's not.
In short, Zhang Che took the opportunity of this movie to slip away to Taiwan before the liberation of Shanghai, he was Zhang Daofan's leader, and it is unknown whether the Kuomintang CC boss operated from it.
But then again, the quality of this "Alishan Fengyun" is still super high, although the whole book has not been handed down, but its status as the foundation of Taiwanese films cannot be ignored, and the theme song of the movie "Gao Shan Qing" will be used by Teresa Teng's lipstick all over the country in the future, and even the Spring Festival Gala in the mainland has been sung, and it has become a folk song of Taiwan's Gaoshan people by false rumors. A representative of Taiwanese folk culture. Of course, at that time, it had already become "Alishan Girl".
阿里山的姑娘 (Live In Japan / 1977),邓丽君
This song was also written by Zhang Che.
It can be seen that Zhang Che is still very talented.
This "Alishan Fengyun" tells the story of the Gaoshan people, who have a tradition, that is, they will produce grass and hunt human heads to sacrifice to the gods. The remnants of "Alishan Fengyun" are said to have left a picture of less than a minute of people coming out of the grass, and those who are interested can go to find and compare it, at least at that time, they did shoot relevant content.
As for what is going on with "Out of the Grass", you can look at "Saidek Bale" directed by Wei Desheng, which is very clear.
recalled that Zhang Che's aesthetics of male violence after that, did it already take the first hints in this "Alishan Fengyun".
This series is written here, Li Laoshi should have gone through the two stages of Zhang Che's movie, (no, -_-||.) So, let's go over it briefly. (Don't, Grand Duke.) ）
Since Hu Jinquan opened the road of new martial arts with modern film techniques in "The Drunken Man", Shaw Brothers' martial arts films have not been smooth sailing, Hong Kong's first box office to break one million is "Golden Eagle" by the leftist film company Phoenix Pictures, and the second one you can find now should be Zhang Che's masterpiece "One-Armed Knife". Actually, no, it was created by Run Run Shaw for propaganda and hype for Zhang Che's reputation as a "million-dollar director".
The real second movie to break one million is also a martial arts film, "Yunhai Jade Bow Edge" shot by the leftist film company Great Wall Company, original work: Liang Yusheng, I personally participated in the screenwriting.
This is also the first film to include the term martial arts instructor in the credits of the credits, and his martial arts instructors are Tang Jia, a disciple of Yuan Xiaotian, and Liu Jialiang, the son of Liu Zhan.
With two million-dollar masterpieces in a row, Shao Laoliu's eyes are already red and purple.
So Shao Lao Liu resorted to his old-school capitalist coercive methods and dug into the corners!
used money to dig Tang Jia and Liu Jialiang over.
Now the action of "One-Armed Knife" is guaranteed.
So is that the only way?
Of course not!
Do you still remember why the leftist movie "Yunhai Jade Bow Edge" is popular? Because he was adapted from Liang Yusheng's original work, Liang Yusheng also personally participated in the screenwriting.
Many people will ask, why have you been talking about martial arts action movies for so long, and the well-known Jin Yong, Gu Long, Liang Yusheng, and Wen Ruian are all later TVB and ATV TV series? What about movies?
Big guy, the time has not come, it was 1966, Jin Yong Gulong was already popular, but not so popular, most of them had just completed serialization in newspaper supplements, and they still needed to be revised and published.
However, that generation of martial arts writers has matured, and Liang Yusheng's shot is a million box office, which is already the best proof.
Do you look at the plot of "One-Armed Knife" very familiar, a hero, because of emotional reasons, was cut off by his confidante green tea, but instead learned peerless martial arts by mistake.
Is this plot "The Condor Heroes"? So, who is the screenwriter of "One-Armed Knife", have you guessed?
He is one of the four great talents in Hong Kong, our great writer from Zhejiang!
I love three things in my life, good wine, good cigarettes, and good women。。。。。。
What the? You say that Jin Yong and Jin Daxia are upright and will never indulge in wine?
Jin Yong is a native of Haining, Zhejiang, yes, and it's not wrong that he is upright. Did I say it was him?
I'm talking about Ni Kuang, who was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang!
In other words, the four great talents in Hong Kong are also wonderful, three of them smell the same, good wine, good smoke and good women, only Jin Yonggang is upright, but he also has an excellent relationship with the three of them, not the kind that can't play together, and later Huang Zhan, Cai Lan, and Ni Kuang did a variety show, which can be regarded as ridiculing the entertainment industry with their rich connections and deep experience.
Jin Yong is Ni Kuang's Bole, Ni Kuang's first novel is said to be encouraged by Jin Yong, and Jin Yong's novel Ni Kuang is also ghostwritten, of course, this is in the serialization period of the supplement, and then after it was published into a volume, how can an arrogant cultural person like Jin Yong stand it, naturally he has to revise and rewrite it himself.
Now it is not easy to test how much Ni Kuang has replaced, but the most famous incident should be familiar to everyone, that is, Ni Kuang went too far during the ghostwriting of "Dragon Babu", which blinded Ah Zi's eyes, and later Jin Yong wasted his old nose and sacrificed a You Tanzhi to round this pit back. It was rumored to be a "good story" for a while.
Ni Kuang was proud of this, and specially wrote a couplet, where to hang it is not examinable, the content is: "Repeatedly wrote scripts for Zhang Che, and wrote novels on behalf of Jin Yong." ”
That's right, repeatedly. Ni Kuang wrote dozens of scripts for Zhang Che, and Zhang Che's name is hung on most of the Shaw Brothers' martial arts movies. This is also the reason why the name Ni Kuang became famous, because this old boy's pen name in the literary world is "Wesley", and he is only called Ni Kuang in the film industry. By the way, in the future, Jiahe's "Jingwumen" is also Ni Kuang's script.
Their first collaboration was this "One-Armed Knife".
Could it be that Ni Kuang copied Jin Yong?
Do you remember what Ni Kuang wrote in the second half of his couplet? Do you guess who played the plot of the hero's severed arm first?
I don't know, you guess, you guess.
I only know that the gap between the finished product of the one-armed knife and the Condor Heroes is still very large.
The biggest thing about "One-Armed Knife" is that it has made Wang Yu popular, or in other words, it has made a new generation of male stars represented by Wang Yu popular.
Since then, a new era of "male" representatives was born.
What do you mean by that?
Any form of entertainment, has its audience, and it has its audience.
This is true of Peking Opera, this is true of Cantonese Opera, and this is also true of movies.
When Ishihara Wan'er led a group of Qiu Ba to launch the 918 Incident, what was our young marshal Zhang Xueliang doing? watched Mei Lanfang perform Peking Opera in the theater.
Mei Lanfang is a famous Danjiao, at that time we were still very feudal and conservative, and female roles still had to be played by men.
But as the traditional Chinese classic Chinese culture "Golden Vase Plum" says, the wine is rich and wealthy, and life is good.
Who doesn't love a pretty girl?
Therefore, after Hong Kong entered the film era, Xiao Fangfang, Chen Baozhu, Yu Suqiu in realistic monster martial arts films, and then Lin Dai, Ling Bo, and Lin Cui in Huangmei Tune movies. How many male celebrities can you name? Anyway, I remember the Cantonese opera veteran Guan Dexing, Long Jianfei Cao Dahua, and the traitor Shi Jian.
For 20 years, the entire Chinese film is the world of female stars, which is actually related to the consumer group of the whole society.
Just like Mei Lanfang can only be seen by a big warlord like Zhang Xueliang, at the beginning of the birth of the movie, it was an entertainment industry, especially the Hong Kong film market, and there were Cantonese films to take care of the local working people.
And after Run Run Shaw returned to Hong Kong with Nanyang Shaw Brothers Distribution Company to seize the territory of the production company Shaw Brothers and Sons, the main market of Shaw Brothers (Hong Kong) Production Company is actually Nanyang, and there is Taiwan in the later period, Hong Kong is not their main direction of attack, just a production place, so Chinese films are popular, Huangmei tunes to dominate the market, and at the same time, the heavy group of films has also become high and low, because it is never the bottom group that pays for them, at that time the various industries were not developed, and the entertainment industry always served the rich. Rich people like beautiful women.
In the sixties and seventies, the industry exploded, Hong Kong's manufacturing industry began to flourish, a group of wealthy workers were born, social animals in office buildings, all kinds of citizens engaged in small business, and the middle class was born, and movie audiences began to lean towards them.
Moviegoers' tastes have also changed.
This is the reason why the leftist movies "Golden Eagle" and "Yunhai Jade Bow Edge" suddenly exploded.
It's not that martial arts movies have swept the crowd, it's that the crowd has changed and continues to introduce new flavors.
The accumulation of such quantitative changes will cause qualitative changes after a few years. Finally, Cantonese films returned.
That is Chu Yuan, who led the second martial arts road in addition to Zhang Che's violent aesthetics in the future, filmed "72 Tenants".
Why is this so, because Hong Kong, as a metropolis, has given birth to its own market culture.
Before 1949, Hong Kong also had its own culture, but at that time, the productive forces were not developed and the capital accumulation was not much, and the culture at that time was still dominated by Cantonese culture, and Cantonese opera was prevalent.
49 years later, a large number of Chinese people hit Hong Kong, they brought a lot of capital, a large number of cheap labor, so that Hong Kong can develop manufacturing, and then develop real estate, finance, entertainment industry, which has the background of a metropolis. By the 60s, the gang of people in Hong Kong after the liberation were basically assimilated by the working people in the Cantonese-speaking area, and then there were Cantonese with various accents in "72 Tenants", and even Cantonese with a Shandong accent.
Why is this so? Because of the group of people who fled Hong Kong at that time, the demographic structure was unbalanced. The people who come are either upper-class cultural people and have their own small circles, except for buying tickets for Shaw Brothers' Huangmei, they basically have no cultural contributions, and the bottom labor force below is basically young and middle-aged men, it is not easy for them to support themselves, and the level of education is not high.
On the contrary, although the original population of the Cantonese-speaking area and the cultural people were not many, they mastered what the people from other provinces did not have.
That's the system.
They originally lived here and established their own living system, from clothing, food, housing and transportation, to culture and entertainment, to all walks of life, they have their own living system. The cost of building from 0 is too high for people from other provinces to be almost impossible. So they can only choose to rely on the existing system and try to fit in.
This gives the opportunity to be assimilated.
On the contrary, it is different on the Taiwan side. The chairman of the NPC National Committee retreated from Taiwan and brought a whole set of living systems from the mainland, and he brought the entire big government, which can be rebuilt under the leadership of the government. Therefore, Taiwan still speaks Chinese.
Of course, the rise of Hong Kong's true Cantonese culture would not take until five or six years later, with "72 Tenants" in the 70s, and eventually carried forward by social comedies such as "The Hui Brothers' "Deed of Sale".
At that time, it was the eve of the revolution, and there were already some hints of it.
At least, Huangmei tune, an elegant art favored by the upper class, is no longer the only audience.
This is the second reason why Zhang Che-style martial arts movies can thrive.
It is also the reason for the rise of men.
Then, there are the accessories of the male color, the ultimate violent aesthetics, and the action design.
Liu Jialiang and Tang Jia, the golden combination, cooperated with Zhang Che very smoothly, and the masters of the one-armed knife used two long and short knives to make new ideas, although no matter how you look at it, it seems to be a concept borrowed from a Japanese sword and halberd film, but it did make the audience at that time shine.
Zhang Che finally integrated the real-life Kombat in "Tiger Man Annihilation" and the sharp editing in "The Drunken Man", coupled with the action design of Liu Jialiang and Tang Jia's hard bridge and hard horse, the strongest martial arts of that era was born.
Of course, Zhang Che also put his little bit of fun to the test in the movie.
That is the hand that Wang Yu was cut off by the great beauty Pan Yingzi.
Of course, a one-armed knife, how can you be one-armed if you don't cut off your hands?
The point is not on the one-armed, but on the process of cutting off the hand.
That kind of bloody super violence, giving people a very CULT pleasure.
As mentioned above, the explosion of Hong Kong's manufacturing industry gave birth to a large number of middle-class migrant workers who could afford to watch movies, and a few years later they resonated and were emotionally cathartic in the Hui brothers' "Deed of Sale".
Before that, there were not many places to vent, so Zhang Che's male color + bloody pan intestine style quickly became sought after by this group of people.
You know, it was 1967, and the three-tier system was born for many years.
Since then, Shaw Brothers martial arts films have begun the Zhang Che era.
As for Zhang Che's style, let's go and see Li Laoshi's masterpiece.
Some people may ask, what about the Phoenix and the Great Wall, which opened a new trend of martial arts films? Can't those leftist studios fight Shaw Brothers for 300 rounds like Denmao?
belch
I have to say that Shao Laoliu is really lucky, in 1964, his biggest enemy Lu Yuntao, the boss of Dianmao, crashed and died in Taiwan, Shao Laoliu monopolized the entire film market without explanation, and "One-Armed Knife" was released in 1967, and since that year, leftist movies have been silent for ten years. It wasn't until more than ten years later that Zhang Xinyan, the director of "Yunhai Jade Bow Edge", excavated a young man Jet Li in the land of China, and his debut was at the peak, and "Shaolin Temple" became famous through the ages, and since then it has swept Hong Kong and even the Chinese film circle, but that is already the story of the next generation.
That's right, that's how turbulent that era was. The whirlwind of "new martial arts" set off by Zhang Che and Liu Jialiang and Tang Jia has only been hanging for five or six years, and the times have been updated.
What I didn't expect was that the super god who took Zhang Che's life was 。。。。。。 in just three or four years
That's how the world is changing.
Now let's summarize, as I said earlier, the hardware level of Hong Kong dragon and tiger martial artists has almost matured by the time Jackie Chan and Sammo Hung's generation entered the industry at the age of 18.
There are only two things they lack.
One is money, investment, projects, and opportunities, otherwise they can only play small roles such as Bing Ding Jia and Rogue B in Huangmei Tune movies. Now, with the opening of "Golden Eagle" by the leftist film company, Hu Jinquan and the efforts of several generations of directors Zhang Che and Zhang Xinyan, the project is available. At the same time, with the addition of Ni Kuang, Liang Yusheng and other martial arts masters, the theme is also available. Martial arts films began to run rampant in the Hong Kong film industry. But this trend is mainly controlled by cultural people Hu Jinquan, Zhang Che, etc., and writers such as Ni Kuang can give great and good-looking stories, but for the essence of Hong Kong-style action movies - Hong Kong-style action, its era has not yet come.
That's the second point I mentioned, culture. The dragon and tiger warriors are uneducated. Their level of culture can't support an entire movie, and they can't make an entire play. Shaw Brothers' investment is for the film, for the director, and the generation has not yet iterated to an era where action knows dominates the whole movie. Because of their own cultural level, they can't hold up a whole movie at present.
That's what they're lacking.
But that time soon came.
Three years after the release of "One-Armed Knife", Zou Wenhuai, general manager of Shaw Brothers Company, deeply felt that Shaw Brothers' factory-style film production had too many drawbacks, and joined He Guanchang to run away and established Golden Harvest Company, trying to find a new way of independent production, after all, Shaw Brothers' factory system forced Li Hanxiang, Hu Jinquan, and one movie wizard after another.
At this time, a cultural person happened to be in Hong Kong, he was very cultured, graduated from the University of Washington, spoke English secretly, and had been in Hollywood, had seen the level of Hollywood film production, and was deeply involved in it, his knowledge, culture, and strength were top-notch.
What's even more outrageous is that he is very good at it, he is still a martial arts genius, he also has a genius mind, and a very deep philosophical foundation (this is what he is said to have studied in college). He is very expressive and knows how to package himself and how to express his philosophical ideas.
At this time, his acting career in the United States has suffered a setback, and he is considering returning to Hong Kong to try his luck in this Oriental Hollywood.
Golden Harvest, which had just been established, quickly seized this opportunity.
Shao Laoliu, on the other hand, was still under the shackles of his "factory system" and gave him a price that was "impossible to agree".
His name is:
Bruce Lee Jun Fan！
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