In anti-Japanese dramas, we often see such a picture, the Japanese army and the national army eat chicken, duck and fish, while our Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army eat porridge and pickles, is this really the case?
Today, let's take a look at the comparison of the food of the Japanese army, the national army, and the Eighth Route Army during the Anti-Japanese War, you may not imagine that our Eighth Route Army was indeed quite difficult in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, but due to creative work and no corruption, the food of the Eighth Route Army in the later period was the most stable and best, and even the Japanese army used weapons and ammunition to exchange food for the Eighth Route Army!
The majestic and high-spirited Eighth Route Army
01: Japanese Army: Excellent in the early stage, extremely miserable in the later stage!
Before the outbreak of the Pacific War (1941), the food of the Japanese army was indeed very good, and relevant records show that the daily food standard of each ordinary Japanese soldier during that period was: 640 grams of polished rice, 200 grams of refined wheat, 150 grams of canned meat, a little soy sauce, salt and other condiments, 500 grams of vegetables, and tea, desserts, wine and cigarettes.
In the field, each Japanese soldier was additionally equipped with canned "beef Yamato boiled" and military Morinaga biscuits.
The early days of the Japanese army's individual food
According to a 1939 delivery list of the Japanese army's management department, the Japanese army's individual ration actually included canned fruit and canned seafood.
At that time, the Japanese army was indeed strong and strong, and the quality of individual soldiers was extremely high.
However, with the outbreak of the Pacific War, there was a big problem with the supply of the Japanese army, and the food of the Japanese army began to fall off a cliff. In the "1941 Outline for the Operation of Military Depots", the Japanese army began to implement the principle of local collection of grain and straw, and basically stopped transporting grain from the Japanese mainland.
This so-called "local collection" is, to put it bluntly, a grab, what you grab and what you eat. In a "sweep" in August 1941, the Japanese army snatched 50,000 chickens from the Chinese people in Beiyue District!
In the course of repeated "sweeps," the masses on the mainland became more and more intelligent, fighting wits and courage with the devils, and their methods of storing grain became more and more sophisticated, so that it was difficult for the Japanese army to obtain grain.
From 1944 to 1945, the elite of the Japanese army was basically exhausted in the Pacific theater, and the vast majority of the Japanese troops who remained in China were old men and baby soldiers. Not to mention meat, I didn't even have potatoes and corn to eat, and I was so hungry that my face was yellow and thin.
The Japanese army starved into bacon in the later period
In order to survive, the Japanese army began to look for weapons from the Eighth Route Army in exchange for food, which was quite welcome to our army, which lacked weapons.
In 1944, somewhere in northern Henan, a Japanese squadron leader actually sold 4 machine guns in one go in order to prevent his soldiers from starving, and then wrote in a report to his superiors, "At the end of the year, at the end of the month, our unit was attacked by the Eighth Route Army and lost 4 machine guns."
In 1945, in order to facilitate the exchange of grain for weapons with the Japanese devils in Beiping, the underground party in Beiping directly set up a breakfast stall near Tsinghua Garden, and the two sides agreed on how many weapons to exchange for how much food, and the Japanese army guaranteed that the weapons exchanged for were genuine, and the Eighth Route Army guaranteed that there was no shortage of food in exchange.
This almost became a norm at that time, and by the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, many Japanese machine guns and ammunition were replaced by the Eighth Route Army.
02: The national army: layers of exploitation, not a few days of good life
Before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Nationalist Government formulated a series of military food standards: 1.5 catties of rice per person per day, 4 taels of canned meat, and a total of 4 taels of various pickles and dried vegetables.
At first glance, it looks good, but this is written on paper to fool people, as we all know that the corruption of the national government at that time was quite serious, and after layers of exploitation and deduction, the grain that was really distributed to the soldiers was pitiful.
With the expansion of the area occupied by the Japanese army, the life of the national army deteriorated, and they could not eat enough, not enough to eat at all! Many soldiers were even starved to death!
The national army that did not have enough to eat
In December 1940, after inspecting the troops stationed in a certain place in Henan, the inspection officers of the Nationalist Army reported to their superiors:
"There were only about 70 people in the whole company. Among the more than 70 people, after being inspected by the committee members one by one, only two of them did not harm their eyes. Most of them are blind or will be blind. Actions must be supported by partners. Ask how many meals a day to answer, two meals. Q, what do you eat? Answer, eat millet and dry rice. Answer: I have eaten noodles twice in January. Q: Can you eat enough? Answer, you can eat enough. The attitude is extremely unnatural, with the official beside him, he dare not speak if he is suffering?"
"On the Recruitment of Soldiers in the Kuomintang Army during the Anti-Japanese War" records that the supervision officials found the remnants of millet in the kitchen, which had not been cooked until it was half-cooked, and the coarse grains were difficult to swallow. Each soldier eats this kind of meal twice a day, and is limited to two bowls at a time, so the lack of nutrition is the biggest cause of illness among the soldiers there. The mortality rate of disability is also very large.
In September 1943, the 2nd Regiment of the Signal Corps of the National Army carefully selected more than 300 soldiers to receive training in American-style weapons.
The 91st Division of the National Army
At that time, the soldiers of the national army ate the famous "Eight Treasure Rice", you don't think that it is as sweet and delicious as it is now, but because a bowl of rice is mixed with a lot of sand, rice husks and other sundries, so it is called "Eight Treasure Rice" by the soldiers who have suffered words.
Chiang Kai-shek wrote bitterly in his diary: "The military and government are sluggish and corrupt, and they are very sad for the future. ”
Chen Cheng once lamented: The officers of the army are almost inseparable from official and business, and they all have thousands of dollars in their pockets, while the lives of the soldiers are miserable.
For example, how corrupt are the officers of the national army?
The U.S. military gave vitamin C tablets to the soldiers of the expeditionary force, requiring each soldier to swallow them in front of the American officers, and to check the bottom of the tongue one by one, because if they were not so carefully checked. Nationalist officers would ask soldiers to spit out pills and sell them on the black market......
03: Eighth Route Army: Do it yourself, have plenty of food and clothing!
I can proudly say that the food supply of the New Fourth Army of the Eighth Route Army during the Anti-Japanese War was the most stable and the most satisfying for the soldiers.
In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, especially during the sweeps of 1941-1942, our army did go through a period of extremely difficult and arduous times. But the days that followed got better and better!
A soldier of the Eighth Route Army with good military appearance and military posture
On September 19, 1944, the supply standard issued by the Administrative Office of Jinsui Border District was: rations per person per day 1 kg of millet 8 taels, vegetable food per month: 2 catties of meat per person, 15 taels of oil, 1 kg of salt, 45 catties of vegetables, and 45 catties of charcoal.
Occasionally, toothpaste, soap and cigarettes were distributed. This kind of treatment is quite good, much better than the Japanese army and the national army at the same time!
Good food!
How do we do it?
The reasons are: First, our army is integrated from top to bottom, and no matter how high the position, it eats the same as ordinary soldiers; second, it does not drink the blood of soldiers and has no corrupt behavior; and third, it has launched an effective "do-it-yourself and abundant food and clothing" campaign.
As early as January 1938, Yan'an issued the "Instructions on Solving the Difficulties in Supplying the Troops" and launched a vigorous large-scale production campaign in the base areas, calling on all units to "fight, produce and learn at the same time".
According to the data, in 1941, the anti-Japanese army and civilians in the northwest of Shanxi Province reclaimed more than 30 million acres of wasteland, of which more than 73,000 acres were cultivated by our troops, 90,000 kilograms of fine grain, 285,000 kilograms of vegetables, 4,000 pigs, and 2,000 cattle and sheep.
According to the "War History of the Eighth Route Army", in 1943, the left-behind corps of the Eighth Route Army opened up nearly 200,000 mu of wasteland, collected 4.65 million kilograms of fine grain, 16.5 million kilograms of vegetables, more than 13,000 weaving horses, and raised more than 10,000 pigs.
At the same time, the masses and enlightened gentlemen very much agree with the discipline and combat capability of our army and are willing to support our army.
"Memories of the Logistics Work of the Eighth Route Army" recorded: At the critical juncture of the survival of the nation, enlightened gentlemen also understood the truth that "if the country is not protected, how can the family be safe, and under the nest, there will be no eggs", and they competed to take the initiative to donate food and donations. Due to our in-depth propaganda work and correct policies, we quickly collected and raised batches of grain funds, which played an important role in overcoming the difficulties at that time and ensuring the supply of troops.
There is meat in the bowl
Just by the food, we can see why our army was able to remain active and develop behind the most dangerous enemy lines in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and why our army was able to completely defeat the national army in only three years in the War of Liberation!
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