Anyway, I just saw a very interesting question on the knowledge planet, and then I searched the knowledge planet to see what the answer was based on, and to my surprise, the source of this answer is not only the authority, but also the guidance of the national environmental protection department, so I can't help but share it with you.
1. What is hazardous waste identification?
Hazardous waste identification, also known as hazardous waste identification, refers to the solid waste that is included in the "National Hazardous Waste List", as well as the solid waste generated in the process of discharging waste, must be identified as hazardous waste in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.
After being identified as hazardous waste, the storage, disposal, transportation and other links of waste must be managed and disposed of by special personnel in accordance with national laws and regulations. However, at present, the amount of hazardous waste in the mainland is huge, and the industrial waste is relatively more complex, which puts forward higher requirements for hazardous waste identification.
From the perspective of waste producers and stockpilers, they should be familiar with the judgment criteria, maintain a clear understanding of the characteristics of hazardous wastes, and achieve classified storage of goods, standardize packaging and identification, and establish registration records. From the perspective of hazardous waste identifiers, they should systematically learn and master the classification and process flow of hazardous waste, master the use of relevant instruments and equipment, and improve the accuracy and practical effect of hazardous waste identification.
The process of hazardous waste identification is comprehensive and scientific, and certain operating procedures should be followed, and standardized management should be carried out on identification, packaging, transportation and other links.
The specific purpose of hazardous waste identification is to classify solid waste, so as to develop different disposal and rescue measures. However, hazardous waste is not only limited to solid waste, but also includes hazardous chemical stockpiles, research and development of new substances, etc.
Therefore, processes, equipment, instruments, etc. play a very important role in the accuracy and standardization of hazardous waste identification.
Hazardous waste identification is an important part of achieving the goals of "reduction" and "recycling", and it is an important measure to deepen the reform of the environmental protection system.
2. Classification methods for hazardous waste identification.
According to the different entrusting entities, the identification of hazardous waste can be divided into the entrusted identification of waste production units and the identification entrusted by administrative organs.
The entrusted identification of waste production units is also known as the entrusted identification of enterprises, and the entrusted subjects are mainly waste generators such as enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households. They entrust the solid waste generated to a qualified identification agency for identification in order to dispose of the waste effectively.
Appraisal entrusted by administrative organs, also known as appraisal by administrative entrustment, may be entrusted by government departments such as ecological and environmental departments, public security organs, or township governments. They usually entrust a qualified identification agency to identify the waste involved in the case in environmental protection cases.
According to the different identification subjects, the identification of hazardous wastes can be divided into outsourcing identification and self-identification.
Outsourced identification refers to the activities of the wastemaker entrusting an external unit (with identification qualifications) to carry out identification. Under normal circumstances, large enterprises, hazardous waste disposal units, etc., will entrust technical service providers specializing in hazardous waste identification to ensure the accuracy and professionalism of the identification results.
Self-identification refers to the activities of waste producers (who also need to have identification qualifications) to identify their own waste. Some small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households may not have the ability to entrust an external identification agency to carry out the identification, so they can only conduct the identification themselves.
- Both types of delegation identification have their own advantages and limitations, and enterprises should choose the appropriate identification method according to the specific situation.
The classification method of hazardous waste identification not only includes the above two aspects, but also needs to consider whether it involves import and export goods.
With the improvement of the market economy on the mainland, trade has become more and more frequent, and more and more hazardous wastes have been imported and exported. The mainland has become more and more stringent in the identification and supervision of imported and exported hazardous wastes, which has added new challenges and tasks to the identification work.
The identification and disposal of hazardous waste is a comprehensive policy measure, which should be comprehensively considered from many aspects such as national policy, market demand, and technical conditions, so as to improve the accuracy and efficiency of identification, and reduce the harm of hazardous waste to the environment and human body.
3. Preliminary preparations for the identification of hazardous wastes.
Because the identification of hazardous waste involves important aspects such as environmental protection and biosecurity, the requirements for identification work are very strict, and a sound legal and regulatory system, advanced technical equipment and professional identification personnel are required to take a number of safeguard measures.
Therefore, it is necessary to make preliminary preparations before carrying out the identification of hazardous waste, so as to lay a solid foundation for the smooth development of the work.
In terms of work preparation, relevant laws and regulations have been promulgated at the national level, and the identification work has been regulated in detail from the aspects of identification standards and process regulations.
Specifically, the National Hazardous Waste List is the basic basis for the identification of hazardous wastes, which lists the names and characteristics of hazardous wastes to facilitate the classification and identification of hazardous wastes.
The "Technical Specification for Hazardous Waste Identification" is the operational guidance for hazardous waste identification, which includes the principles, methods, instruments and equipment of hazardous waste identification, and provides standardized technical support for hazardous waste identification.
In addition, the "Hazardous Waste Identification Work Guide" also describes the identification process, links and operation details in detail, helping practitioners to carry out hazardous waste identification work more accurately.
The preparation also includes the preparation of technical equipment, identification sites, identification personnel, etc. Hazardous waste identification requires the use of a variety of professional instruments and equipment, such as spectrometers, gas chromatographs, etc., so it is necessary to purchase, update and maintain these equipment in a targeted manner to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the identification work.
In addition, the identification site also needs to meet the relevant environmental protection standards and safety requirements, and should have ventilation, sewage and other conditions to ensure the normal progress of the identification work.
Professional identification personnel need to be trained and assessed. Hazardous waste identification is a high-risk, high-tech work, and identification personnel need to go through systematic learning and training to master professional identification knowledge and skills.
The state and industry should strengthen the training and assessment of identification personnel, and establish a qualification certification system for identification personnel, so as to improve the accuracy and professionalism of identification work.
In addition, the identification of hazardous waste also requires the establishment of a sound information management system, a sound supervision and disposal mechanism, etc.
In the process of entrusted identification of waste production units, it is also necessary to clarify the identification entrustment agreement, establish identification records and files, as well as supervision and inspection, so as to promote the standardization and informatization development of identification work.
To sum up, the preliminary preparation for hazardous waste identification is very important, and only by doing these preparations can we ensure the smooth progress and effective implementation of hazardous waste identification.
Fourth, the workflow of hazardous waste identification.
Hazardous waste identification is a scientific and rigorous work, and the results of the identification are directly related to the storage, disposal, transportation and other follow-up links of hazardous waste, so it must be operated in accordance with relevant standards and specifications.
Under the guidance of the "Technical Specifications for Hazardous Waste Identification" and the "Guidelines for Hazardous Waste Identification" issued by the state, the workflow of hazardous waste identification has been gradually standardized and standardized.
In general, the workflow for hazardous waste identification includes the following steps:
1。 Identification information platform registration and task delegation.
Waste production units or other entrusted entities should first register the identification information on the hazardous waste identification information platform, fill in the relevant information and upload the necessary materials and pictures.
The commission information is then published to the platform and waits for the identification agency to accept the task. The identification information platform can effectively manage the identification task and improve the efficiency and accuracy of the commission.
2。 On-site survey. After the identification task entrusted by the enterprise is accepted, the identification personnel should go to the waste production unit to conduct on-site surveys to understand the storage, packaging, and identification of the identification objects, and determine the identification plan.
3。 Solid Waste and Inventory Judgment. The identification personnel shall conduct a preliminary identification of the solid waste samples collected on site, judge their physical state, color, odor and other external characteristics, and compare the characteristics of the identification objects in combination with the National Hazardous Waste List.
4。 Identification protocol development. According to the on-site survey and preliminary identification, the identification personnel should formulate a detailed identification plan, including sampling points, sampling methods, identification methods, etc.
The waste production unit and the identification agency shall sign an identification plan agreement to determine the identification plan to ensure the smooth cooperation between the two parties.
5。 Sampling and testing. According to the identification scheme, the identification personnel should carry out sampling work in the waste production unit and collect representative samples to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the identification results.
The collected samples are tested and analyzed, and their chemical composition, toxic substance content, hazard characteristics and other information are detected through instruments and equipment.
6。 Preparation and issuance of identification reports. The identification agency shall conduct a systematic analysis of the collected samples and test results, and prepare a detailed identification report, including the identification results, identification process, test data, identification conclusions, etc.
The waste production unit shall accept the identification report, demonstrate the identification results, and raise objections to the identification agency. The discriminating body shall evaluate the objection and finally determine the appraisal conclusion.
7。 Disclosure of identification information. The identification agency shall upload the identification results and identification report to the hazardous waste identification information platform and disclose it to the public, so that relevant departments and the public can inquire and supervise.
8。 Application of objection assessment and identification conclusions. When the production and waste unit has objections to the identification results, the identification agency shall conduct an objection assessment to maintain the accuracy and objectivity of the identification conclusions.
After identification, the storage, disposal, transportation and other links of hazardous waste have been scientifically and reasonably standardized, thereby reducing the damage to the environment and the human body.
Hazardous waste identification is an important work of environmental protection and ecological civilization construction, it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of hazardous waste identification, promote the innovation and development of identification technology, improve the professional quality of identification personnel, and jointly promote the development of hazardous waste identification work in a more accurate, efficient and standardized direction.
The author thinks. Hazardous waste identification is a meticulous and important work, which is not only related to the production and operation of enterprises, but also related to environmental protection and public safety.
Therefore, professional training and technological innovation should be strengthened in the identification work, so as to improve the accuracy and practicability of identification, and provide better support for hazardous waste management and resource recovery in the mainland.
At the same time, enterprises should enhance their awareness of environmental protection, strengthen hazardous waste management and classified storage, and provide better working conditions and basic data for hazardous waste identification. Only by working closely and jointly can we promote the identification of hazardous waste in a more standardized, efficient and accurate direction.