Sentence / Kodama
The historical mission of the Northern Zhou Dynasty is not only to represent the group interests of the Guanlong Group, but also to carry out Sinicization reform in line with the historical trend and build the Northern Zhou Dynasty into a Han dynasty to eliminate the contradictions between the Hu and Han dynasties.
On the other hand, the emperors of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wu Yuwen Yong can shoulder this heavy responsibility, but Emperor Xuan Yuwen Yun, who took over the baton, is an unqualified player, and the young emperor Yu Wenyun is even more unlikely to complete the heavy task given by history, so the north can only be replaced. So there was Yang Jian Jiansui.
The establishment of the Sui Dynasty was nothing more than a conformity to the trend of history.
On May 11 of the second year of the elephant (580), Emperor Xuan Yu Wenyun died suddenly, and after the conspiracy of Zheng Yi of the Collar History, Liu Qiu of the Imperial History, Wei Du of the Inner History and Huang Fu Ji of the Imperial Historian, he finally elected Yang Jian as the auxiliary minister and controlled the power of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
After Yang Jian's auxiliary government, he began to attack the Yuwen clan, eradicating all the forces loyal to the Yuwen family, making various preparations for the change of dynasty, and on February 14, 581, he accepted the Zen concession of Emperor Jing Yuwen Xian, ascended the throne and became the emperor, and established the Great Sui Dynasty.
Yang insisted that the establishment of the Sui Emperor was not the result of his personal ability, but that he had the support of most groups, including the Guanlong aristocracy, the bureaucracy, and the common people, and that he had completed the change of dynasty in accordance with the trend of history.
Let's start with the general trend. The historical mission of the Northern Zhou Dynasty was to accumulate strength to complete the historical mission of mixing the north and the south after defeating the Northern Qi and unifying the north. When Emperor Wu Yu Wenyong was alive, he was completely goal-oriented to guide his behavior. Unexpectedly, Emperor Wu suddenly fell ill during the northern expedition to the Turks and died young.
Then, no matter who takes over the cause of Emperor Wu, he must carry the banner of reunification and accumulate strength for the annexation of the Southern Dynasties. But it's a pity that Emperor Xuan Yuwenyun, who succeeded to the throne, didn't seem to have this quality, but stepped into the hedonistic rivers and lakes and didn't want to come out, and even did the embarrassing thing of passing the throne to his seven-year-old son Yuwenyun as the emperor.
In the face of Yu Wenyun, who was overwhelmed, the nobles of Guanlong must have come up with the idea of replacing him, which was already suggested to Emperor Wu when Emperor Wu Yuwen Yong was still alive. Wang Liang once advised Emperor Wu: "The crown prince is unbearable, I'm afraid he can't afford His Majesty's family affairs." ”
The family affairs in Wang Liangkoukou not only refer to the rivers and mountains of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, but also refer to the historical responsibility of unifying the world.
However, due to the fact that Emperor Wu's second son Yuwenzan was even more unbearable, and the other sons were still young, Emperor Wu had no choice but to insist on Yuwenyun as the crown prince, and then pinned his hopes on stick education in order to change the prince's heart. It's just that Emperor Wu hasn't completed the reshaping of the crown prince, so he left to go west, letting Yuwenyun become the dominant player in the north with a stubborn image.
The choice of the prince is the most helpless thing for Emperor Wu Source/Stills
Yu Wenyun's various performances after his accession to the throne are enough to prove that he is unable to inherit Emperor Wu's career at all. As soon as Emperor Wu died, Yu Wenyun vented his emotions: "It's too late to die." "It's all kinds of works, not only to take the women in Emperor Wu's harem as his own, but also to start the days of wine as a companion. After having fun, he even canonized five queens at the same time, breaking the historical record.
That's it, in order to strengthen the imperial power, Yuwenyun also began to purge the interior at the same time, not only attacking the Yuwen clan, but also killing the courtiers, Qi Wang Yuwenxian, the death of the generals Wang Xing, Dugu Xiong, and Dou Lushao is typical. All actions are internal.
But the reality is that all organizations must be guided by higher goals in order to win the support of more people and maintain the development of the organization. For example, after Sun Ce's death, Sun Quan took out an imperial plan to win the support of the Jiangdong clan, the Huaisi Yuancong faction, and the northern sojourners, and Liu Bei also had to hold high the banner of "reviving the Han dynasty and returning it to the old capital" in order to win the support of the Jingzhou faction and the Yizhou faction.
Similarly, the Yuwen family must also aim to unify the north and the south in exchange for the support of the Guanlong Group and the Kanto Gate Valve.
Since Yu Wenyun aimed his knife at the interior and constantly consumed internal resources, it was too necessary for the Guanlong Group to re-elect an emperor in the face of a common goal. When Yu Wenyun was alive, the Guanlong Group was still a little difficult to operate, but in the face of an eight-year-old child, there was no technical difficulty, which is why Yang Jian completed the change of dynasty so easily.
Because, as long as he has the support of the Guanlong Group, Yang Jian has mastered the resource advantages of Guanlong, coupled with the support of Li Mu, the governor of Bingzhou, and Yu Yi, the governor of Youzhou, even if the Kanto region is opposed, Yang Jian does not have much pressure. It took Yang Jian less than four months to quell the rebellion of Xiangzhou Governor Wei Chi Hui, Yunzhou Governor Sima Zhen, and Yizhou Governor Wang Qian.
Why Zhao Yi said that "the world has been easy in ancient times, and there is no one like Emperor Wen of Sui", the reason is here.
Of course, the main reason why Guanlong Group helped Yang Jian to take the position was that Yuwen's family could no longer represent their interests. At the beginning of its establishment, Guanlong Group was a community of interests, sharing the cake of Guanlong, Yuwentai is at most the role of a distributor, only after the death of Yuwentai, Yuwen Protector Yuwenjue helped God to the throne, everyone has the status of monarch and minister, but in essence, Guanlong is still everyone's common cake.
But as soon as Yu Wenyun came up, he didn't measure his strength and frequently targeted the Guanlong nobles, and even Yang Jian was hit, so he was uneasy. One of the "eight losses" listed by Yang Wenyou, a corporal of the palace of the guard, to Yu Wenyun can illustrate the problem: "Dazun is more arbitrary than the past, does not participate in the slaughter, and shares it with everyone." ”
Directly hit the main contradiction of Yu Wenyun not sharing power with everyone.
After Yu Wenyun died, everyone couldn't see hope in the young emperor Yu Wenyun. In order to choose a suitable person to represent everyone's interests, it is necessary for the Guanlong nobles to take the initiative to promote the change of dynasty and support the people who can represent their interests to take the position, and this candidate has historically fallen on Yang Jian.
The reason why the later Zhou Xungui gave up Chai Rong's youngest son Chai Zongxun was also the same, Chai Zongxun could not represent the interests of the later Zhou Xungui.
Yuwen Xuan cannot represent the interests of Guan Longxungui Image source/stills
Besides, the further implementation of the Sinicization reform and the elimination of the contradictions between the Hu and Han dynasties are also the main tasks of Emperor Wu's successors, which belong to the supporting actions of the goal of unification, and the young emperor Yuwen Yan is also unable to take on this important task.
Therefore, whether it is the important task of unification, Sinicization reform, or representing everyone's interests, Yuwen's is no longer a suitable candidate and must step down.
Look at the people who supported Yang Jian at that time, the Li Mu family, the Yu Jin family, the Wei Xiaokuan family... The Guanlong aristocracy and gate lords almost overwhelmingly supported Yang Jian's ascension, while those who opposed Yang Jian were the group of relatives represented by Wei Chi Hui and Sima Xiaonan.
Due to the huge disparity in strength, the final winner must be the Guanlong Group.
After Yang Jian came to power, he quickly catered to the historical trend. In 581, Yang Jian ordered: "The surnames that were given before should be restored." "Ordered everyone to change back to Han surnames. Since then, Yang Jian has also officially bid farewell to the surname "Puliuru".
Yuwentai was dominated by Xianbei forces at that time,I had to change the Xianbei surname to everyone to enhance the internal cohesion,Now,Sinicization has been almost completed,It is necessary to make a big adjustment at the cultural and policy level,And changing back to the Han surname is a landmark action。
After ascending the throne, Yang Jian abolished the six-official system and etiquette system formulated by Yuwentai according to the "Zhou Li" at that time, and replaced it with the three-province and six-ministry system that evolved from the Han and Wei Three Princes and Nine Secretaries system, in order to show that he was the direct successor of the orthodox Han dynasty since the Qin and Han dynasties.
Only by marking the Great Sui as an authentic Han dynasty can Yang Jian's annexation of Nanchen openly and openly play the banner of "hanging the people and killing the crime".
After putting the finishing touches on the Sinicization reform, Yang Jian made all kinds of preparations for the annexation of the Southern Dynasties and the unification of the world.
Yang Jian proved with his practical actions that he was the most qualified successor of the Northern Dynasty.
Of course, the most important work that Yang Jian did was to share power with the Guanlong Group, and most of the important positions in the Great Sui were filled by the Guanlong Group.
Of course, Yang Jian's father and son used the knife against the Guanlong Group that was a later thing, without the military exploits of destroying Chen, Yang Jian did not dare to fight with the Guanlong nobles at all, that would only copy the fate of the Yuwen clan, Yang Guang's later death in Jiangdu is proof.
In addition to these tasks, Yang Jian also played a very important card: restoring the two religions of Buddhism and Taoism, which had been banned and destroyed by Emperor Wu Yuwen Yong, in exchange for the support of ordinary people with a large base of believers.
One is to ban religion, the other is to support it, and Yang Jian will naturally receive wider support, and his political maturity can also be seen.
So the question is, is it possible for Yuwen to avoid risk?
Theoretically speaking, as long as the Yuwen family meets three conditions at the same time: continue to promote the reform of sinicization, eliminate the contradictions between Hu and Han, and focus all the forces in the north into one point; carry the banner of mixing the north and the south to unify the world; and continue to represent the interests of the Guanlong group.
On the other hand, the crown prince Yu Wenyun at that time did not have this quality at all, let alone the young emperor Yu Wenyun.
Yu Wenyun can't take on the heavy responsibility given by history Source/stills
Since the above conditions cannot be met, the Yuwen clan can only face the fate of passively withdrawing from history, and the right to speak in troubled times has always belonged to the military merit faction, and the Guanlong Group can easily complete the action of changing the dynasty.
If Emperor Wu wants to avoid risks, he can only break the routine and find a qualified successor in the clan to take over his business. This is the reason why nomads always use military merit as the starting point to choose their successors, because only in this way can they ensure the maintenance of the regime in troubled times. Later, Zhao Kuangyin chose his younger brother Guangyi as his successor based on such considerations.
In troubled times, we must not act according to the rules of prosperous times.
On the other hand, the Yuwen clan at that time had qualified people - Qi Wang Yuwenxian was not only old, had military merits in destroying Qi, but also was good at strategy, could unite everyone, and was the most qualified player.
But because he was the younger brother of Emperor Wu, he was finally given up by Emperor Wu.
Emperor Wu gave up Yu Wenxian and the Northern Zhou Dynasty at the same time.
It is said that Emperor Wu is eloquent and strategic, but he still did not get out of the siege of blood in the matter of heirs, and finally buried the country laid down by his father Yuwentai.
Instead, he achieved his in-law Yang Jian.
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