When you walk into the village in autumn, you will see the front and back of the houses, and the road is full of small sunflowers with small yellow flowers, which is Jerusalem artichoke, which is a high-quality and high-yield vegetable and fodder crop, the roots can be eaten as people's vegetables, and the stems, leaves and roots are good feed for livestock, which can be fed to rabbits, pigs, sheep, horses and other domestic animals. Jerusalem artichoke can beautify the environment, planted in front and behind the house, you can enjoy beautiful flowers in autumn, you can use the stems and leaves to feed cattle and sheep in summer and autumn, and dig underground stems and blocks to feed livestock and poultry in late autumn and early winter.
Jerusalem artichoke is also known as artichoke, ginger is not spicy, and Jerusalem artichoke. Stems, leaves, and roots are good fodder for livestock. The water content of fresh Jerusalem artichoke is 79-88%, crude protein is 1.1-1.8%, crude fat is 0.2%, crude fiber is 0.4-1%, nitrogen-free extract is 9.7-17%, and crude ash is 0.6-1.1%. Contains 13 kinds of amino acids and vitamins such as thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. The nutritional value of Jerusalem artichoke is close to that of corn in terms of dry matter, and the feed value of its stems and leaves is higher than that of potatoes and sunflowers. The yield of Jerusalem artichoke is high, with a general yield of 2500-3000 kg of tubers per mu, and a general yield of more than 2500 kg per mu of Jerusalem artichoke stems and leaves. Wide adaptability, heat-resistant and cold-resistant, drought-resistant, not afraid of weeds, lush growth, in wasteland, in front of the house, behind the house, ditch and farmland planting efficiency is higher, easy to cultivate, widely used, can be used as feed, and can process starch, wine and soil and water conservation, very promising. The economic benefits of planting Jerusalem artichoke are relatively high. The output value per mu is more than 20,000 yuan. How to grow Jerusalem artichoke to get high yields?
First, the selection of planting plots and land preparation and fertilization: Jerusalem artichoke has no strict requirements for soil, and can grow under various soil conditions, but in order to make Jerusalem artichoke grow well and have a good high yield, planting Jerusalem artichoke needs to choose a sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage, fertile and moist, and few weeds, and the land must be deeply cultivated and raked, and 2000-2500 kg of well-rotted farm fertilizer, 40 kg of general calcium, 200-300 kg of grass ash or fire soil ash and a certain amount of human and animal manure water are mixed. Spread the fertilizer evenly on the land, then turn the plow in the soil, rake it flat and open the box. Generally, Jerusalem artichoke is cultivated with a high furrow, with a width of 120-130 cm and a height of 15-20 cm. The planting ditch is planted at a distance of 25-30 cm on the surface of the box according to the longitudinal or transverse strip planting, the width of the ditch is 16-20 cm, and the depth is about 15 cm.
2. Planting time of Jerusalem artichoke: In the southern region, Jerusalem artichoke is generally better planted in spring, the rhizome not only sprouts quickly and neatly, the temperature is high, the rain is sufficient, and the growth is relatively vigorous.
3. Cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke: Jerusalem artichoke cultivation with asexual propagation, before cultivation, directly dig up the rhizomes of Jerusalem artichoke for seeding, generally sowing in March and April, plant spacing 66 cm, row spacing 66 cm, digging holes for cultivation, 1-2 seed stems per nest, about 250 kg per mu, covering soil thickness of about 3 cm after sowing.
4. Field management: due to the small size of the seedlings, the base fertilizer is sufficient, and there is generally no need for top dressing. Just pay attention to watering often in the case of drought and keep the soil moist. When entering May, the temperature gradually rises, the rainy season comes, the buds and leaves of the aboveground part of the Jerusalem artichoke also gradually grow vigorously, when the seedlings are unearthed about 16 cm, the weeding is carried out and the fertilizer is applied, and the soil is cultivated once before the Jerusalem artichoke is sealed, which is conducive to the expansion of the roots and prevents lodging. In addition to adding 150-200 grams of compound fertilizer, superphosphate or rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake and other oil cakes in the manure water, you can also spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the foliar surface to promote the continuous growth of rhizomes. In the early stage of growth, due to the small seedlings, the void between the rows is large, easy to grow weeds, to timely tillage and weeding, to the middle and late stage of growth, the plant has grown up and closed the row, there are few weeds, generally do not need to cultivate and weed. Jerusalem artichoke has strong resistance to diseases and insects, and is generally not harmed by pests and diseases during the whole growth process, and does not need to be sprayed for drug control.
5. Harvesting: The tubers stop growing in late October, and the tubers are dug before the frost falls in early November. If harvested too early, nutrient accumulation is not sufficient, affecting yields. Harvested after frost, the frost at the bud mouth is not conducive to seed retention. At harvest time, the stems and leaves on the ground are cut off in unison, and then the tubers are dug up. Jerusalem artichoke stems are generally harvested and utilized in late October, select complete and robust tubers to keep seeds, wash the soil and chop the tubers for feed after harvesting, raw or cooked feeding can be, and feed with a variety of other feeds to make the nutritional balance, especially with protein and mineral feed, such as fish meal, rapeseed cake, silkworm pupa, eggshell powder, bone meal, stone powder and bran.
In summer and autumn, part of the stems and leaves can not be harvested, and 1~3 stems should be left in each nest so as not to affect the yield of stems. Before the beginning of winter, all the stems and leaves are harvested, the fresh stems and leaves can be fed to pigs, and the lower old stems can also be checked out after the silage is fed to cattle and sheep, and the silage method can be selected plastic bag silage or cellar storage. Overwintering of Jerusalem artichoke tubers: Jerusalem artichoke is propagated by tubers, which can generally overwinter in the soil and be planted as they are dug and planted in the spring of the following year.