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Comrade Dong Zhentang, commander of the Fifth Army Corps of the Red Army, Chen Yun
04 Comrade Dong Zhentang in the Red Army
The Fifth Army Corps was known for its tenacity and bravery, so when the Red Army made a long-distance expedition into Sichuan on October 15, 1934, Comrade Dong Zhentang led the Fifth Army Corps to serve as the rear guard of the Western Expeditionary Army. The importance and difficulty of the rear guard of the Red Army's western expedition can be understood by anyone with a little common sense. Chiang Kai-shek's pursuit of eight divisions of Zhou and Xue [two] troops, 100,000 troops from Hunan, more than 100,000 troops from Guangdong-Guizhou Army, 50,000 troops from Guizhou warlords, 15 brigades of Liu Xiang of the Sichuan Army, nine brigades from Yunnan, and all 670,000 troops from Liu Wenhui, all of these armies fought against the Red Fifth Army Corps. There were more than 100 battles along the way, and all these armies, except for defeat, could not damage the western expeditionary army to the end. In the end, all the Red Army, under the cover of the rear guard of the Fifth Army Corps, crossed the Jinsha River and the Dadu River and entered Sichuan. Therefore, the officers and men of the Fifth Army Corps were also proud of the victory of the Western Expedition.
The Western Expeditionary Army has five legions, just as the whole army has an iron wall. The combat demeanor of the Fifth Army Corps is also like the resolute and tenacious characteristics of Comrade Dong Zhentang, when it first left Jiangxi and reached the stable market on the Guangdong border, the Guangdong army advanced and occupied the stable market with a regiment, and when Comrade Dong Zhentang commanded the soldiers of one of the battalions of his 13th Division to charge, the enemy retreated 20 miles away, and the steel caps and bullets were abandoned all over the ground. The enemy's counterattack stabilized, and the Red Army immediately counterattacked with grenades and broadswords, and the Cantonese army retreated, and withdrew its troops that night. After that, the Cantonese army heard of the five regiments of the broadsword
As soon as the "divine soldier" arrived, he was already timid and frightened and avoided it.
★ Wenxia Village, Chongyi County Lead Factory Town
The Hunan army had not fought with the Fifth Army Corps before, and when the Western Expeditionary Army passed through southern Hunan, Wang Dongyuan's division wanted to make a small gain behind the Red Army. In the two battles between Judaoao and Baizhangling, he was beaten by the grenades and broadsword teams of the Fifth Army, and he was so bitter that he did not dare to advance easily.
Guangxi's Li and Bai are smart people. They had already seen the situation in which the troops in Guangdong and Hunan were suffering, and they thought that they could not and could not stop the advance of the Red Army, nor did they believe that the rear guard of the Red Army could be bargained, so they only sent small units to clash with the rear guard of the Red Army in the Xiyan Mountains, and after being beaten in battles with the Fifth Army Corps in Qianjiasi, Laoshanjie, Kangzhuang, and other places, they stayed away from the Red Army and only tried to protect themselves. As for Chiang Kai-shek's Zhou and Xue Columns, they fought with the Fifth Army Corps for five or six days and nights in Daozhou City, Shangming Bridge, Jiangjialing, and Xiangjiang River, and could not penetrate the positions of the Fifth Army [Regiment] for a single step. Therefore, after entering Guizhou, the Zhou and Xue columns heard that the Fifth Army Corps was in front, and they had already set up camp and did not dare to advance.
★ The site of the battlefield of the Jiangjialing Resistance War
When the Red Army first entered southern Sichuan, when the echelon behind the General Headquarters (the General Supply Department of the General Health Department) passed near the warm water of Xishui County, the first brigade (three regiments) of the model division of the Liu Xiang Division of the Sichuan Army and the first brigade (four regiments) of Liao Ze attacked the Red Army from warm water. In the rear echelon of the General Headquarters in the front guard, only one battalion of the 28th Regiment of the 13th Division of the 5th Army Corps. After the encounter, the battalion immediately occupied the position, covering the passage of the rear echelon of the General Headquarters, and under the numerous charges of the enemy, from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., the rear echelon completely passed, and the main force of the Fifth Army Corps arrived. Since the battle, the Fifth Army Corps has fought against the enemy's seven regiments with a battalion, and the war has been extended to eight hours, and the Sichuan army has not been able to approach the Red Army fortifications once.
★ Xishui County Wenshui Paomagang Battle Site
(To be continued)
(This article is a historical material about the life of Dong Zhentang that was first published in the Party Documents (No. 1, 1993) based on the original archives of the former CCP delegation to the Comintern in the Central Archives. After research, the author of this article was written by Comrade Chen Yun in May 1936 during his work in the CPC delegation to the Communist International. )
Chen Yun
Chen Yun (1905-1995) was a native of Qingpu, Jiangsu Province (now part of Shanghai). He was a great proletarian revolutionary and statesman, an outstanding Marxist, one of the founders and founders of China's socialist economic construction, an outstanding leader of the party and the state who had been tested for a long time, and an important member of the party's first-generation central leadership collective with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core and the party's second-generation central leadership collective with Comrade Deng Xiaoping as the core. In 1934, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau and Standing Committee of the Central Committee at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and then participated in the Long March, serving as a representative of the Central Committee in the Red Fifth Army Corps, which was responsible for the rearguard of the whole army.
01
May 5, 1932
The Red 5th Army Corps was stationed in Longyan City, and the Red 13th Army was stationed in Shizhong, Xialao, and Xiaochi respectively to maintain the communication lines from Longyan to Nanjing Jinshan, Tingzhou to Shanghang. Ji Zhentong left the headquarters of the Longyan Army to go to Ruijin, and Dong Zhentang took over as the commander-in-chief of the Army, still serving as the commander of the 13th Army. When Ji Zhen was leaving, Xiao Jinguang organized a farewell party in the legion. He left everything behind. The telescope was left to Xiao, as was a good blue-maned horse (which Xiao later gave to Commander-in-Chief Zhu De to ride). The gun was also handed over, and one of his guard squads (the squad leader was Wang Bingzhang, who later served as the deputy commander of the Air Force) did not bring it, but only brought a horse Ben (that is, a guard) and a thug (that is, a bodyguard), and Xiao Jinguang sent someone to send him to the center.
The Red 3rd Army was in Zhangpu, mobilizing the masses, raising funds, and expanding the Red Army.
Xiao Shijun, chief of staff of the Red 15th Army, was resting at the Tongxingshe Inn in Zhangzhou when he was arrested by personnel from the Central Revolutionary Military Commission Branch of the State Political Security Bureau, who came to search.
Huang Zhongyue was presiding over a meeting of cadres above the company level of the 15 th Red Army in Nanjing County, and Li Kenong, executive director of the State Political Security Bureau of the Chinese Soviets, came in with heavily armed personnel of the Security Bureau and announced the arrest of Huang Zhongyue and Xiao Shijun in front of several hundred cadres in the audience.
In the evening, Nie Rongzhen reported to Mao Zedong: Huang Zhongyue, the commander of the 15th Army, was arrested by the people of the Security Bureau in Nanjing, and Zuo Quan was reappointed as the commander of the 15th Army. Mao Zedong was taken aback: How can we not greet such a big matter in advance? Lin Biao added: We also just found out.
The Red 14th Army cleared out the remnants of bandits in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian and swept away the enemy's occupied points.
★ The former site of the Red 15th Army Headquarters in the Dacheng Hall of Nanjing Confucian Temple
02
May 5, 1933
The Red 5th Army Corps garrisoned Chongren Makou. Except for the troops sent to attack the enemy at the bridge, the rest remained in place. The guerrillas were near the bridge and captured 2 enemy spies. Enemy planes flew through Makou twice, but no target was found.
03
May 5, 1934
The Red 13th Division garrisoned Dongping. A company of troops was sent to meet Gu Zuolin, director of the General Political Department of the Field of the Front Army, to inspect the work, but it was suspended because he was vomiting blood and was sick. A meeting of military and political cadres at and above the company level was convened to report on the valuable experience gained in consolidating the troops and several battles, and Li Zhongsan was appointed chief of staff of the 39th Regiment.
The Red 34th Division was hidden south of Puqian.
The Red 15th Division sent a battalion to take over the garrison near Cha'an and monitor the enemy near Pingliao.
The enemies of Nanhua Mountain, Beihua Mountain, Donghua Mountain and other places all headed for Guangchang, and the line of Ketouzhai, Lifeng, and Beihua Mountain was invincible.
04
May 5, 1935
While the Red Army of the Middle Route crossed the river at Kyaukpingdu, the other two Red Army routes continued to be blocked at Longjiedu and Hongmendu. The Central Revolutionary Military Commission ordered the Red 1st Army Corps and the Red 3rd Army Corps to quickly rush to Kyaukpingdu. The troops of the 3rd Red Army Corps first reached Kyaukpyeongdo and immediately began to cross the river. After receiving the telegram, Lin Biao and Nie Rongzhen immediately ordered their troops to set off and rush to Kyaukpingdu along the riverside path.
The crossing of the river by the troops of the Red 3rd and Red 1st Army Corps was carried out in an intense and orderly manner. On the one hand, Mao Zedong ordered the Red 3rd and Red 1st Army Corps to speed up the crossing of the river, and on the other hand, he sent Li Fuchun, deputy director of the General Political Department, to the Red 5th Army Corps, ordering it to resolutely block the enemy army and ensure that the main force of the Red Army crossed the river. ”
After receiving the order of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, Dong Zhentang said on behalf of the officers and men of the whole regiment: "The people are in the position, and they will resolutely complete the task. "The legion traveled 35 miles from Erdao River to Sanmina and Shiban River to Longlang River via Kansang. Leave a battalion on the stool to stop the pursuing enemy, and most of them advance to the line of the Shiban River to build fortifications. The headquarters is stationed in Shibanhe.
Wan Yaohuang continued to send a report to Chiang Kai-shek, saying that after a day of reconnaissance, the Red Army was still not found in the front, and he was ready to turn to other directions to cooperate with friendly forces to "encircle and suppress" the Red Army, and then lead his troops to retreat. Chiang Kai-shek was furious after receiving the telegram, and sent a plane to Wan Yaohuang to drop a warrant to "arrive immediately" at the Jinsha River ferry, strictly ordering him to immediately attack in the direction of Kyaukpingdu, otherwise the military would be punished. Wan Yaohuang had to lead his troops back to Tuanjie again and attack in the direction of Shibanhe.
★ The site of the battlefield of the Shibanhe Resistance War in Yunnan
05
May 5, 1936
The Red Fourth Front Army held a meeting to commemorate the 118th anniversary of Marx's birth in Luhuo.
The Boba People's Republic and its central government, the Boba Self-Defense Army, the Boba Revolutionary Party, and the Boba Youth League were formally established.
The Red 2nd and Red 6th Army Corps advanced to Ganzi through Derong, Batang, Baiyu, Dingxiang and Daocheng respectively.
The 5th Red Army was stationed in the area of Suijing and the Guanyin River to help the masses develop production, impart health knowledge to the Tibetan people, and make material preparations for the 2nd and 6th Red Army Corps; the 37th Regiment and the 31st Army were on guard on the front line from Yak to Danba.
★ The site of the Boba government in Daofu County
★ Today (December 20) of the Red Fifth Army Short Video "Shedding the Last Drop of Blood for the Soviet Republic"
★ Today (December 19) of the Red Fifth Army Short Video "Liping: The Starting Point of the Great Turning Point"
★ Today (October 10) of the Red Fifth Army Short Video "Huining Division"
★ Today's (September 27) short video of the Red Fifth Army "Bangluo Conference"
★ Today (September 8) of the Red Fifth Army short video "Brazil Conference"
★ Today's (August 19) short video of the Red Fifth Army "Shawo Meeting"
★ Today (August 5) of the Red Fifth Army Short Video "The Establishment of the International Division of the Young Communist Party"
★ Today (August 3rd) of the Red Fifth Army Short Video "Xia Tao Battle Plan"
★ Today (July 27) of the Red Fifth Army Short Video "The Long March of the Red Army in Heishui Climbs the Most Snowy Mountains"
★ Today's (July 21) short video of the Red Fifth Army "Luhua Conference"
★ Today (July 14) of the Red Fifth Army Short Video "Mao Gong Joins the Division and the Two Armies Celebrate Together"
★ Today's (June 26) short video of the Red Fifth Army "Two Estuaries Conference"
★ Today (June 12) of the Red Fifth Army Short Video "The Red Army Climbs Over Jiajin Mountain"
★ Today (June 8) of the Red Fifth Army Corps' short video "Red Army East Road Officers' Zhuang Meeting"
★ Today's (May 29) short video of the Red Fifth Army "Luding: Dadu Bridge Crossing the Iron Cable"
★ Today (May 22) of the Red Fifth Army Short Video "Asbestos: The Red Army's Victory Field"
★ Today (May 22) of the Red Fifth Army Short Video "Xichang: The Place First Proposed by the Long March"
★ Today (May 12) of the Red Fifth Army Short Video "Huili: The First County of the Red Army Entering Sichuan"
★ Today's (May 9) short video of the Red Fifth Army "Tieliu Defender Casting the Defense Line"
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