Continuing with our "Shuowen Jiezi" course, this lesson will talk about the two Chinese characters in the "歺" part: "殃, 殘". Among them, "殘" is simply replaced by "disabled" in modern Chinese. These two characters are commonly used in modern Chinese and are included in the List of Commonly Used Words in Modern Chinese promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988.
1. Disaster. Read yāng. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "Disaster, blame." Cong, Yang Sheng. "Morphophonetic characters. The original meaning is evil, calamity.
(灾祸)
The "blame" here is "fierce" in the ancient book. Duan Yuju's "Commentary on the Text": "Disaster, fierceness." Each is to blame, and now it is interpreted according to the "Yi". "Guangya Commentary": "Woe, woe." Shen Tao's "Ancient Book of Sayings": "Murder is a disaster, and it is more serious than blame." Therefore, here, we follow the interpretation of the Yi as a "fierce" training for disaster.
"Yi Kun": "In the house of goodness, there will be afterglow, and in the house of unkindness, there will be aftermath." "A family that accumulates good deeds will inevitably leave behind many good fortunes, and a family that accumulates evil deeds will inevitably leave behind many calamities. Qu Yuan's "Lisao": "How can I be afraid of the rest of my body, and I am afraid of the defeat of the emperor." "Am I afraid of causing trouble, I am only worried about the destruction of the motherland.
(Qu Yuan image)
In addition to the original meaning, there are other uses of 殃:
(1) Penalty. "Vocabulary and Bad Department": "Disaster, punishment." "Huainanzi Shi Zhi": "If you mobilize the people to raise the army, there will be natural disasters." High temptation note: "Woe, punishment." "If you move the people, you will definitely be punished by God.
(2) Mutilation. "Mencius: Confession of the People": "If you use it without teaching the people, it is said to harm the people." "To use the people without teaching them is to destroy the people.
(3) Defeat. "Guangya Interpretation III": "Disaster, defeat." "Wang Niansun's "Guangya Sparse Evidence": "Jin Yu": 'My lord is not bribing the princes, but now he is bribing him, and he can't. It's a failure. The word "woe" here refers to corruption. "The Book of Rites: The Month Order": "Winter Tibet is defeated, and the people are sneezing. "The grain and vegetables stored for the winter are rotten, and the common people are prone to colds and colds. The word "disaster" here refers to corruption.
(Rotten vegetables)
The small seal of the bad is written as shown in the figure:
(How to write the small seal of the bad)
2. Remnants (disabled). Read cán. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "Disabled, thieves also." From the voice, the voice. "Morphophonetic characters. The original meaning is harm.
(Captive animals are also harmful)
The so-called "thief" is harmful. Zhu Junsheng's "General Training Dingsheng" quoted "Cangjie Chapter": "Disabled, injured." "That is, the body or the body. ”
There is meaning in the word "mutilation", and "戔" means mutilation. In order to unite with the United Will. It means that there are many casualties when the blades meet (Ge is a weapon), so the original meaning of the remnant is injury. "Vocabulary and Bad Department": "Cruelty, harm." ”
"Book Tai Oath": "But the palace room is extravagant in the pavilion and the pool, in order to mutilate the people of Yuer." "The palace, the pavilion, the pool, the extravagant clothes, he uses these things to harm your people. "Warring States Policy: Qin Ce I": "Zhang Yi's remnants are also sick, and he is heavy to make Chu, because the king of Chu invited him to Qin. High temptation note: "Cruel, harmful." "Zhang Yi framed Zhu Liji, pretended to attach importance to Zhu Lijian and asked him to send an envoy to the Chu State. He also asked King Chu Huai to ask King Qin Hui to appoint Zhu Lijian as Xiangguo.
(Zhang Yi suffers from the disease)
In addition to the original meaning, there are many uses for remnants:
(1) Kill. "The World Says New Words: Political Affairs": "(Chen) Zhong Gong said: 'Stealing and killing a rich man, how is it like killing each other?'" Zhong Gong said: "How can robbers rob money and kill people more than the matter of cannibalism?" "Cannibalism" here later developed into an idiom, referring to the killing of relatives by each other, which is used as a metaphor for cannibalism. The word "crippled" here means "to kill". For example, the seven-step poem story of Cao Pi and Cao Zhi during the Three Kingdoms period is a typical cannibalism.
(Cannibalistic seven-step poem)
(2) Destroy; "Warring States Policy: Zhongshan Policy": "Wei Wenhou wants to cripple Zhongshan. Gao lure note: "Remnant, extinguished." "If you want to destroy Zhongshan, it means that Wei Wenhou wants to destroy Zhongshan.
(3) Cutting, carving and chiseling. "Zhuangzi Horseshoe": "Therefore, simplicity is not broken, which is sacrificial!" Cheng Xuanyingshu: "Not disabled, not carved." "So, if the log is not divided, who can use it to carve and chisel into a wine vessel!
(Wood carving)
(4) Remaining; "Jade Chapter: Bad Department": "Remnants, leftovers." "Guangyun Cold Rhyme": "Remnant, remnant." The story of Yugong moving mountains in "Liezi Tang Wen" includes: "With the remaining strength of the last year, you have not been able to destroy a single hair of the mountain, what is it like soil and stones?"
(Yu Gong Yi Shan, Yu Gong and Zhi Suo)
It's over again. The twenty-fourth chapter of "The Complete Biography of the Water Margin": "After another three or two days, the winter is about to end, and the sky is slightly warmer. ”
(5) Incomplete; "Hanshu Liu Xin Biography": "Emperor Xiaocheng Min Xue is missing texts, and he is a little away from his truth, but Chen Fa is a secret Zang and proofreads old texts. Emperor Xiaocheng took pity on the academic inadequacy and the fact that it was very different from the original book, so he published the old collection and revised the old text.
(6) Vicious: Vicious people. "Dialects" Volume 10: "The mortals of Southern Chu scolded and called the pincers." Guo Pu's note: "Crippled, disgusting." "Hanshu Jun Bu Doubt Biography": "Therefore, there is no doubt that he is an official, strict but not disabled." "Jun is not suspicious of being an official, majestic but not vicious.
(7) A synonym for boiled meat. "Anthology Zhang Xie<七命>": "Fashionable remnants are white." Li Shan's note: "Remnant, white, cover the different names of boiled meat." ”
(8) Greed. "Dialects" Volume 1: "The north of Hanoi in the Jin and Wei dynasties is called 㨆 (lǐn, killed) and said remnant." Chu is greedy. "Zhou Zumo's school note: "㨆, Dai Zhen's sparse evidence is changed from the righteous quotation of "Zuo Chuan Zhaogong 28th Year", and Wang Niansun's "Dialect Sparse Evidence" cloud: "The north of Hanoi is said to be remnant, and the north of Hanoi is said to be remnant." ’”
The writing of the remnant small seal is as follows:
(Residual small seal writing)
(798 of [Shuowen Jiezi], some pictures come from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original copyright owner)