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Source l "Shen Yinmo's Annals"
Author l Shen Changqing
分享 l 书艺公社（ID：shufaorg）
My grandfather, Mr. Shen Yinmo, was originally from Zhudun, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, and the Shen family of Zhudun was a prominent family in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming and Qing dynasties. My grandfather was born on June 11, 1883 in Hanyin, a small county town in southern Shaanxi, and lived as a teenager in the mountain town of Dingyuan, deep in Bashan. There are six grandfathers and siblings, including three brothers, because they are the second, and later generations call him "Shen Er" or "Mr. Er", and in his later years, he also laughed at himself as "Dongyang Zhongzi". He died in Shanghai on June 1, 1971, at the age of 89.
My grandfather's childhood was very happy and affluent, and the six brothers and sisters either frolicked and played in the Bashan Han River, or recited poems under the pavilions of the Dingyuan Hall, and the early education mainly came from the family. The family motto of the Shen family of Zhudun is "ploughing and reading heirlooms, advocating Mengyang." Yuan is virtuous, benevolent and humble". Strict parenting made my grandfather develop a quiet and peaceful, unexcited, and step-back character from an early age. My grandfather once had a poem: "The mountain city is full of leisure, and it is rich in youthful love." The chaos is not camped, and the family song is peaceful. Under the cultivation of a good family education and a quiet environment, my grandfather has always "walked with his waist upright, buried his head in his work, and behaved with his tail between his legs." ”
With the death of his great-grandfather Shen Jiqing and great-grandfather Shen Zuyi in office, the continuous blows made the originally peaceful family fall into the abyss. Although the great-grandfather and great-grandfather were both local administrators, they were also two Qing officials, and they did not leave a single brick and tile, and the family moved to Chang'an and lived temporarily at the house of a relative of his great-grandmother. Great-grandmother was frugal, but in the end, because of the inability to support the tuition, his grandfather dropped out of school and returned to China half a year later, when he was already twenty-four years old, and the family had a large number of idle meals, only relying on the eldest brother Shiyuan to teach in Huzhou to subsidize the family, and the family had nothing to sell, so in desperation, he moved to Huzhou and took refuge in his family Shen Puqin to borrow a house to live. Since then, my grandfather has a deep understanding of the toiling masses living at the bottom of Chinese society, and when he studied in Japan, he came into contact with the ideas of democratic revolution and made a group of friends who were interested in changing the backward face of China, and these experiences had an important impact on his future life aspirations.
My grandfather was engaged in teaching and management for 25 years, from 1907 when he was a substitute teacher at a higher school in Hangzhou to 1932 when he resigned as president of Peking University. Perhaps it was the helplessness of not being able to go to school in his childhood, as well as the stereotypical impression of a private school teacher, that left an infinite yearning and desire for school education in his grandfather's heart, so that he later became enthusiastic about education and taught calligraphy classes to teenagers in his eighties. In 1959, my cousin Chang Ningbao was sent to Beijing Normal University, and he said to Chang Ning: "I am a teacher, your father is a teacher, your mother is a teacher, and you will be a teacher in the future, and our whole family will be teachers." ”
Now many people only know that their grandfather is a master of calligraphy, but they do not know that he is erudite and proficient in poetry, and my grandfather once sighed before his death: "I have no words and no poetry, which is recognized by the poetry world." In all fairness, my achievements should be poetry first, words second, and calligraphy first. The world does not notice, and it is a shame to praise my calligraphy. "The understanding of poetry and books by the grandfathers and siblings in the years of the weak crown mainly comes from the great-grandfathers and great-grandfathers who are masters of poetry and writing. And his great-grandfather worked in Dingyuan Hall, and his official residence was in Zhenba, so his grandfather rarely saw him in a year. Grandfather and his brothers and sisters only frolicked and played by the city wall on weekdays, and what they could see was a boundless green field, Woba Mountain in the south of Hanyin County, Qinling Mountains in the north, and Hanshui in the south. Great-grandmother Lu and great-grandmother Peng were both born in a family of scribes and were well-read, and it was usually the great-grandmother who urged their grandfathers and siblings to read and write. At this time, my grandfather took a stupid approach to learning to compose poetry, he liked to read "Dream of Red Mansions", and often covered a certain word in the poem, guessed and wrote it by himself, and then compared it. Therefore, the young grandfathers and siblings laid the foundation for poetry at an early age, and they often sang and harmonized with each other.
Coming to Peking University from Hangzhou was a major turning point in my grandfather's life. He was actively involved in the May Fourth Movement, exploring progressive ideas in the pursuit of science and democracy. The beginning of the New Culture Movement was marked by the founding of New Youth on September 15, 1915, and the seven members of the editorial board were Chen Duxiu, Zhou Shuren, Zhou Zuoren, Qian Xuantong, Hu Shi, Liu Bannong (who later went abroad and was replaced by Gao Yihan), and Shen Yinmo. The first issue of the four volumes published on January 15, 1918 published nine new vernacular poems by Shen Yinmo, Liu Bannong, and Hu Shi. Among them, my grandfather's three poems "Moonlit Night", "Rickshaw Driver" and "Pigeon" have been written in the vernacular. The embodiment of the "new" in my grandfather's poem is not only the style, but also the description of the workers at the bottom of the society, or the yearning for equality, freedom and independence. After that, until 1920, my grandfather published 18 vernacular poems in the New Style in the magazine New Youth. It can be said that my grandfather was one of the main initiators of new vernacular poetry, among which "Moonlit Night" was called "China's first prose poem" and was selected into primary school textbooks. It is no wonder that the straightforward Hu Shi said that "there have been such good poems for hundreds of years", and Cai Yuanpei praised the poem as conforming to "the requirements of the times".
My grandfather went to Peking University in 1913 to teach, and he began to teach Tang poetry. After the May Fourth Movement and before the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, my grandfather wrote many new poems, such as a poem "Hot Days" recently found in Hu Shi's archives, which he had not seen in the past. In 1920, when he went to Nishikyo University in Japan for his second study, he also wrote a lot, but unfortunately all these poems were lost during the Anti-Japanese War. After arriving in Chongqing in 1939, he studied calligraphy and poetry and calligraphy, and wrote mainly poems in the old style during this period. Recently, I found four volumes of manuscripts written by my grandfather during the Anti-Japanese War ("Manhe Ji", "Writing Heart Collection", "Mountain Dwelling Collection", "Short Fence Collection" and Xiaoling). After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he resigned from public office and had no income, so these four volumes were handed over to his grandmother Zhu Yunquan to sell for living expenses. At that time, my grandmother was ill and her life was extremely difficult, but even so, she always treasured the manuscript of her poems and dedicated them to the country after her death. These poems that have escaped all kinds of disasters have not been published because they have not been sorted out, and the original manuscript of these poems and books is written in small letters, with beautiful words, lyrical records, and extremely fine writing.
My grandfather loved calligraphy all his life, and calligraphy accompanied him throughout his life. He is a leader in modern "post learning", with calligraphy practice, theory, organization and education. "Shen Ti calligraphy" takes the "two kings" as the sect, integrates Europe and Chu, draws on hundreds of schools, absorbs the strengths of others, and is self-contained. Its characters are handsome and elegant, covering Kai, line, cursive, especially the line of writing for the fine, not biased and not strange, elegant and vulgar appreciation, very artistic, more practical. He is not just handwritten, but also written with heart, his pen pen in place, painting without perfunctory, even if it is thousands of words of articles are rarely typo, generally speaking, most of the brush words are magnified two or three times after the shape, can not be seen, Hanyin County Hanyin Middle School gate erected four meters high characters, actually from the grandfather small Kaiji words, is really grandfather writing hard work is not shallow. On October 2, 1947, he resolutely resigned from the Supervisory Committee and returned the "allowance" of the Supervisory Committee. At this time, my grandfather once wrote a poem saying that he was "not afraid of Li Guang's bow and dared to bow down when he was a meter." The gentleman is in the breeze, and there is no obstacle between static and moving", showing the sentiment of a patriotic intellectual who is not afraid of power, self-willing, and upright, and has the demeanor of a scholar who studies hard and strives for self-improvement.
Loving the motherland and the people was the feeling of my grandfather's life. It was only after the founding of the People's Republic of China that my grandfather's ambition was realized, and he actively devoted himself to the cause of the people's revolution. At the first session of the Third National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in 1959, a tea party was held on April 29 for members over the age of 60, at which Premier Zhou Enlai and more than 380 members of the CPPCC National Committee had a cordial conversation one by one, and also delivered an enthusiastic speech respecting the elderly intellectuals, in which he hoped that "the members who have passed the age of 60 will leave their knowledge and experience as contributions to society." At this time, my grandfather remembered the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi's poem criticizing the young people in society at that time for disrespecting the elderly: "Singing Liangzhou accidentally, the old man is only Mi Jiarong." Recently, the world has been light on the predecessors, and it is good to dye the mustache after the fact. He reminisced about the past, was full of emotion, and wrote a poem on the spot, dedicated to all the princes present: "I don't know how old to be happy, and the length is as good as everyone else." Several generations of mustaches have been dyed, and Mo is born alone. He praised the party and the government for respecting the elderly, praised Premier Zhou's high demeanor, and expressed the willingness of the elderly committee members present to contribute their talents to the construction of socialism. Since then, he has made outstanding contributions to the revitalization of Chinese calligraphy, and Chairman Mao has met his grandfather many times to encourage his work. My grandfather's life was long and tortuous, and he finally realized that only the Communist Party could save China and follow the correct path of modern Chinese revolutionary intellectuals.
Now that I think about it, I didn't spend much time with my grandfather, and I didn't leave any possessions, but my grandfather's teachings were precious treasures that I could never use up. The first time we met, I remember one afternoon in late April 1959, when my father, Shen Lingxiang, and I traveled from Tianjin to visit my grandfather, who was attending the third session of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. When I was eighteen years old, it was the time when I was growing up, and the national economy was already in difficulty, and I rarely ate Fuqiang powder. When I came to the Qianmen Hotel where I stayed, it was already more than eight o'clock in the evening, and when I learned that we hadn't eaten yet, my grandfather took me to the restaurant, and watched me eat the small flower rolls made of Fuqiang powder with a smile, and talked with my father about various things in the past 20 years.
Shen Yinmo|Peking University colleagues gathered in Zhou Zuoren's "Bitter Rain Zhai", and the second from the left is Shen
After that, I went to university in Beijing, and I visited my grandfather every year during the two sessions, and I visited Shanghai several times during the Cultural Revolution. Many people think that I must have a lot of my grandfather's handwriting, but this is not the case. Every year, during the two sessions, many people come to ask their grandfather to write, and their step-grandmother Chu Baoquan always holds a thick pile of notes in her hand, which is the list of people who are required to write. At this time, my grandfather's eyesight was already very difficult to read, and these notes had to be written one by one when he returned to Shanghai, and he rarely refused, especially the demands of comrades from the mountainous areas and the grassroots would be satisfied. When my step-grandmother learned that I didn't have my grandfather's inscription, she asked me if I wanted to, and I looked at my grandfather's eyes almost with the newspaper on them, and my heart ached, I really couldn't open my mouth, so I never had my grandfather's words written to me in my hand, but I will always remember the stories my grandfather told me and the few things he did. Among them, two things are still fresh in my memory. One thing is that my grandfather told me that when he was a child, he went to the Orthodox temple on the other side of the Zhenba Government Office, climbed the ladder and climbed high to copy his grandfather's "Long Poem of Appreciating Gui" written on the shadow wall. My grandfather said that at the age of 15, he used fish oil paper to copy the calligraphy of his grandfather, Shen Jiqing, and it is evident from his vivid and colorful accounts that this incident had a profound impact on him. He said that this is a seven-word poem, a total of 14 crosses, in one go, the book style takes Faou, Zhao, beautiful and beautiful, from which it can be seen that the ancestor Shen Jiqing's "poetry is quick, wine does not stop, and the name of the chapter is not false. This is a work of poetry and writing, but unfortunately with the collapse of the temple, the words have been lost in the barren grass. My grandfather said this to encourage me to study hard. Another incident was that Comrade Chen Yi came to visit my grandfather, and we were just talking to my grandfather about my cousin's work that day. My cousin has just graduated from university, is studying Italian, and has not yet found a job. At this time, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Chen (Mr. Chen Yi), came, and I thought he would definitely mention the matter of his cousin to Mr. Chen, but he didn't say anything. Thinking about it in the future, my grandfather had no property all his life and always rented a house, and Comrade Chen Yi wanted to change a better residence for his grandfather several times when he was in Shanghai, but his grandfather refused. My grandfather, like his fathers and grandfathers, gave us the impression that he was impartial, not favoritism, clean and upright.
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