"Philosophy and Young Children" is a "little book for everyone", which collects beautiful questions and more than 30 interesting life stories from children aged 3-12.
The child has the purest curiosity about himself, has an extremely keen sense of observation of nature, and asks almost philosophical questions:
Does the universe have a boundary? Does lunch grow on a tree? I have two eyes, why can't I see two of you?......
For children, imagination is more important than knowledge, and questions are more important than answers.
Only by improving their self-philosophical cultivation can adults understand children, guide children, become qualified philosophical playmates of children, and protect children's innocence and innocence. "
The development of children's thinking is a gradual process
The essence of Tong's doubts about dreams and reality is a sense of anxiety and uncertainty about his own existence, and he feels a certain unreliability of his own existence and the existence of the world, so he begins to think about the relationship between subject and object.
In this way, philosophy arises from a curiosity about the world and people, and asks questions of the world.
Aristotle said that philosophy originated from skepticism. Perhaps Wittgenstein's words are more appropriate to understand children's philosophical thinking: "I don't know what to do. ”
When a child begins to use language, he is already expressing the visual image he sees, and may collage things he likes, repeating visible images, and rhyming words.
What's even more surprising is that children actually have their own reasoning thinking.
He is able to come to a conclusion that seems appropriate to him after reasoning, or to reason appropriately for his own conclusion.
Although this process of reasoning does not necessarily presuppose truth, it is clearly useful for reflection and an account of the world for the child himself.
Piaget believed that there are three stages in the development of children's thinking, which is a gradual process with a continuous thinking.
Think outside of your mind
Hesitation arises when man is accustomed to relating the nature of various things in nature to their possible uses.
We may agree that the eyes are there to see, and the veins are there to get blood flowing back to the heart.
But is the presence of the throat the speech of the fence, the existence of the nose is for the purpose of glasses, the bees are there for pollen, the trees are for shade or to prevent soil erosion, and are rivers designed to collect excess water from the land and channel it into the sea?
Therefore, in kindergarten play, low-structure play is very popular, children can play how they want, but it is also flawed, and even the natural environment we provide for children is flawed.
Because this is not natural, low-structure play has different ways to play, but it is also those things in itself, and no matter how much play is based on these materials, the children are put into the natural environment to play, which is also the artificial pseudo-natural environment provided by the kindergarten or community to the children, and the children are still affected by this.
What people grow into, personality, ability, motivation, behavior, etc., are closely related to thinking.
For thinking, we must emphasize that we must be sensitive, we can draw inferences, we can have multiple angles, we can be imaginative, and we can be different.
Those reactions that are out of the ordinary are ignored and seen as an unreliable indicator of the child's thinking development: "The only correct indicator······· based on the repetition of results and the comparison of numerous individual responses".
On the contrary, however, most of the reactions to the deviation are philosophical. Standard responses are often the product of socialization without thinking or thinking.
The child's sensibilities are keen
Kids have a lot of elf quirky questions. Because of their keen sensibilities, children can generate new doubts and questions from things that are commonplace.
Why is it that adult sensibilities are relatively sluggish?
Every adult has been a child.
When he raised his confusion as a child, he was mostly greeted with laughter or rude denial from adults, but as he grew older, the child was shaped into what society expected and grew into an adult.
And when he has children, he will treat his children in the same way, because that's how he grew up.
So it's a vicious circle.
Each of us was suppressed in our desire to explore and learn when we were young, and in turn when we grew up to treat our children in the same way, which is a very terrible thing, and the terrible thing is that we are unaware and rightfully forgotten the loss and sadness of being denied when we were children.
Fortunately, with the progress of society, some people of insight have discovered the problems that appear under the surface of this seemingly normal surface.
They began to call on us to respect and treat children well, and they came up with many scientific methods of parenting.
And the most touching of them are a group of philosophers, such as Matthews and Lippmann, who remind us to pay attention to children, but also make us seem to see who we once were.
To be kind to children is also to be kind to who you once were.
Write at the end
Aristotle said, "Philosophy originates from perplexity." ”
Children are the most confused about the world and all things, especially children are naturally honest and simple, which is consistent with the simple nature of philosophy, so the questions raised by children can often touch on profound topics in philosophy.
However, as they grow older, children are shaped into the expectations of society, lose more and more of their secret connection with philosophy, take everything for granted, and grow up to stay away from philosophy.
It was this that Matthews discovered and worked to awaken the importance of children's philosophy.