The cultural philosophy of the "history" culture of "Yi Chuan" is in line with the thinking of Tai Chi, and the most important thing is embodied in the proposition that "one yin and one yang is the Tao". "Zhuangzi Tianxia" summarizes the philosophy of "Zhou Yi" and says that "Yi Yi is the Tao of Yin and Yang", which is also said. The ancient Chinese philosophy of "yin and yang" is the most detailed, and it has endured throughout the ages. The dual category of yin and yang has always been a subject of deep concern and research in Chinese philosophy. The oracle bone has the words "yin" and "yang". Yin (traditional Chinese), written in golden script
, which means that the sky is dark, and yang (traditional Chinese as yang), written in oracle bone script
, as opposed to yin, indicates that the sun is shining. The words yin and yang are written on the side of the word fu
、
, indicating the relationship between the mountain and the sun, the sun is yin where it does not reach, and the place where it shines is yang. Xu Shen's "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" interprets yin as "the south of the water, the north of the mountain, from the sound of Fuyu", and the yang is "Gao Ming, from the sound of Fuyu". The original meaning of yin and yang originates from the Kanyu (Feng Shui) consciousness that is related to good fortune and evil. This book of "Zhou Yi" has the word "yin", only one sight, that is, the 92 words of the Zhongfu hexagram "the crane is in the yin, and its son is with it", which refers to the place where the yang is back. The hexagram has the words "Yang in the royal court", Yang (揚), "Fei Ju also, from the hand, the sound of the voice" ("Shuo Wen"). The root of the word Yang and Yang is the same, and the traditional characters are all derived from 昜, and Yang is a derived word from 昜. Hunan Changsha Mawangdui silk book "Zhou Yi" "Yang in the royal court", written "Yang in the royal court", in line with the original meaning of this word.
Ma Wangdui's silk book "Zhou Yi" part of the "Yi Chuan" mentions "yin and yang" in particular: "don't use the hidden dragon, yang is hidden", "walking on frost and ice, yin begins to condense", "yin suspicion (condensation) in yang must fight, because it is suspected of no yang", "dry, yang things, kun, yin things", "view change in yin and yang and establish hexagrams", "yin and yang are virtuous, and rigid and soft have bodies", "yang hexagram has more yin, yin hexagram has more yang", "yin and yang unpredictable is called god", "one yin and one yang is the Tao", and so on. In particular, it is worth noting the proposition that "one yin and one yang is the Tao". First, the original meaning of "yin and yang" is related to the consciousness of good luck and evil of the early people, and comes from the primitive "letter culture", that is, mythology, totem, and witchcraft. Before the birth of the primitive "faith culture", the original cultural form of human beings, the world, including human beings, was chaotic in the human mind. Once human beings develop their wisdom and gradually produce the consciousness of gods and the primitive "belief culture", the world will gradually become organized for human beings, roughly divided into two categories of things: "auspicious" and "fierce", and human beings will thus make two value judgments of "auspicious" and "fierce" that are opposite, as well as a variety of duality judgments related to this, such as human and ghost, life and death, men and women, day and night, morning and dusk, wind and rain, size, right and wrong, good and evil, respect and inferiority, and so on. Among them, there is also the initial concept of yin and yang, which is divinity, spirituality and witchcraft. All of these do not have philosophical qualities, but human philosophical and ethical thinking germinates from this. Second, after the birth of the yin and yang consciousness and concept, the ancients used it as a "weapon" to explain and "criticize" some natural phenomena that seemed terrifying and strange to them, and linked them with people's fate and good fortune and evil: in the second year of Youwang (780 BC), the West Wednesday River was shaken. Boyang's father said: "Zhou will die! The spirit of heaven and earth will not lose its order." If it goes through the order, the people will also be in turmoil. The sun is lying and cannot come out, and the yin is forced but cannot be steamed, so there is an earthquake. Today's Sanchuan earthquake is the loss of yang and the suppression of yin. Yang is lost in Yin, and the source of Sichuan must be stopped. If the source is stopped, the country will perish. Here, the judgment of the natural phenomenon of earthquakes has some "natural" ideological factors, but on the whole, it is a kind of witch judgment about the survival of the "country" of yin and yang, and its cultural consciousness has been promoted.Chinese Third, the concept of yin and yang in "Yi Chuan" undoubtedly originates from the concept of Wu Xiao's auspiciousness and evil. Yi Chuan modeled the ever-changing and unfathomable world with the idea of "good luck and evil-yin and yang", in an attempt to grasp this eventful world and the fate of people themselves through divination and other means. The invention and application of yin and yang are to interpret the good and evil with the consciousness of yin and yang, and the two correspond. Bagua is the so-called "six sons of Qiankun", which is four yang hexagrams against four yin hexagrams, a total of 24 hexagrams, 12 yang hexagrams against 12 yin hexagrams, 64 hexagrams a total of 384 hexagrams, yin and yang each 192. This shows that the world that the ancient sages who created the hexagram symbol system had in mind was not only endlessly changing, but also symmetrical, balanced and stable. As a result, a cultural philosophy based on yin and yang that has influenced China for thousands of years has gradually emerged.
The 64 hexagrams of the Mawangdui silk book "Zhou Yi" "one yin and one yang are the Tao" is the most appropriate summary of this philosophy. Wang Fuzhi said: Yin and Yang, the entity of Taiji. Only its wealth is filled with the void, so it changes day by day, and the auspicious and vicious cause of the sixty-four hexagrams is born. The ebb and flow of yin and yang are unpredictable, and the reason why the characters of heaven and earth bend and stretch back and forth is all here. Those who know this will do the best of "Yi". Chen Menglei said yin and yang from the perspective of "birth" (change): yin gives birth to yang, yang gives birth to yin, and its changes are endless, and the reason for change is the same. I have pointed out that "the concept of 'yin and yang' is the transcendence and sublimation of the concept of 'good luck and evil'", and "'yin and yang' is born from 'good luck and evil', and is born from 'good luck and evil', which is the disintegration of primitive witchcraft and the enlightenment of philosophical and aesthetic wisdom". The cultural and philosophical proposition of "one yin and one yang is the Tao" is a summary of the rich and profound meaning of the Taiji diagram, and the innate Taiji diagram is commonly known as the "yin and yang fish". It may be the Chinese "contradiction theory" and "dialectics" from the Warring States period to the early Qin and Han dynasties, breaking through the limitations of analogical thinking in primitive witch culture. It summarizes the nature, laws, and modes of existence and movement of the world, time and space, and reveals the fundamental movement of Yi Li and philosophy ("Tao").
The "Dao" (Yi) of the innate Taiji diagram is realized and displayed in the time course of the change of one yin and one yang. "Tao" is, first of all, temporal. Time first, is the "first violinist" of Chinese culture and philosophy. Tang Liquan said: "Because time is the process of Yi (original note: change), the philosophy of the Book of Changes is the most important. The "field" of "field with philosophy" actually refers to the "qi" (which can be translated as field) that exists and changes in the present, which is similar to the Western philosopher Heidegger's theory of "presence". "Zhou Yi" divination talks about "Shizhong" ("Yi Chuan"). The word "middle" does not refer to the "middle", but to the "hit" and "middle (to sound)". In the process of performing the hexagram of the witchcraft, once the hexagram and the hexagram are calculated, it means that the auspicious or evil result is immediately revealed, and the "dark world" in the heart of the believer is immediately "illuminated". The cultural philosophy of "one yin and one yang is the Tao" is like the key proposition of Heidegger's phenomenological philosophy, "time is 'time'", which is also the "time" that is transferred from the witch nature to the philosophical "time" in the Yi Chuan, which refers to the "being" in the endless flow of time, that is, "being present". (This article is excerpted from "Zhou Yi General Knowledge")
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