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Reporter/Li Yuan, He Tong, Du Peng
Holding the freshly drawn wet adobe in his left hand and holding a knife in his right hand, the adobe was carved with a smart and smooth pattern in a short time...... In the Tang and Song Dynasty Yaozhou Cultural Industrial Park, Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province, this is the most common working state of Han Yingying, a post-90s Yaozhou kiln porcelain carving designer. Recently, Han Yingying won the National May Day Labor Medal. Talking about the feeling of winning the award, Han Yingying, who is still at work, said that the honor is an affirmation of her years of hard work, and it is also an incentive and spur for her future work, and she wants to continue to make a contribution to Yaozhou kiln ceramic carving in her post.
In 2008, 18-year-old Han Yingying came to Xi'an from her hometown of Shanxi to study, and Han Yingying, who was interested in painting since childhood, studied under Cui Tao, a first-class arts and crafts master in Shaanxi Province, to learn Yaozhou kiln ceramic carving design skills. "At first, I just thought the patterns on the Yaozhou kiln porcelain were interesting and interesting, and I was also very interested in painting, so I was introduced to Mr. Cui by a friend and began to learn from him. At that time, Han Yingying was the youngest among the students. However, with no art skills and no carving foundation, Han Yingying encountered difficulties after studying for half a year.
At the beginning of her studies, Han Yingying's daily work was to draw a lot of repetitive drawings and draw various patterns on paper with a pencil. Most of these patterns are real patterns on the Yaozhou kiln porcelain in the museum, and some of them are fragments of broken ceramics collected by the teacher in the past. For the young Han Yingying, it was difficult to sit down quietly at first. "After painting for a while, the teacher was not very optimistic about me, and I was a little bit discouraged, and it was really difficult to endure that time. After making a difficult choice, Han Yingying chose to grit her teeth and persevere.
"At that time, I rarely went out every day except for painting, eating, and sleeping, and I would be depressed after painting for a while, and when I couldn't hold on, I would cry a lot to vent, and then come back and continue to paint, and then slowly persevered. 18-year-old Han Yingying has a character that does not admit defeat and knows that learning opportunities are not easy to come by, which is related to her growth environment. Her father died when she was 5 years old, and her mother pulled her 4 brothers and sisters to grow up alone. Half a year later, with her own hard work, Han Yingying finally got the recognition of her teacher and began to learn carving techniques.
The art of ceramic carving, with porcelain as "paper" and knife instead of "pen", carves works of landscapes, flowers, birds, animals and other themes on wet adobe. Carved porcelain is the same as embroidery, paying attention to slow work and meticulous work, so it is also called "embroidery on porcelain".
"In order to have a more realistic understanding of the carving of Yaozhou kiln porcelain, I often go to the Yaozhou Kiln Museum and the Shaanxi History Museum with my master to watch and study, see the real Yaozhou kiln porcelain cultural relics patterns, start from imitation, and practice a little bit. In Han Yingying's studio, the thick exercise book carries her years of hard work and witnesses her growth.
By consulting a large number of relevant information about ceramic knowledge and technology, with perennial learning and operation, now, Han Yingying has mastered all kinds of ceramic decoration techniques and complex device design in the process of ceramic production.
"All flowers, plants, mountains and rivers, insects, animals and people are all lifelike, vivid and interesting under her knife. Cui Tao, a first-class arts and crafts master in Shaanxi Province, is not only Han Yingying's teacher, but also her Bole. In Cui Tao's view, Han Yingying's tenacity makes her stand out among many apprentices. "Among the apprentices who are still engaged in carving techniques, her knife skills are relatively good and have a unique style. In Cui Tao's studio, he often taught Han Yingying the knife techniques and skills of Yaozhou kiln carving. In the years of communication and study, Han Yingying's carving techniques have gradually become proficient.
"In the past, when carving, you had to draw patterns on the adobe first, and then carve them, which took a long time. After becoming proficient, you can get started directly, and a work can be completed in more than an hour at the earliest. In addition to the maturity of technology, Han Yingying is also bold innovation in the inheritance, using the combination of traditional decoration and modern art aesthetics of Yaozhou kiln to show a unique style and dynamic new design concept, the Yaoci carved decoration layout on the mold prototype, the manual molding into mechanical molding and pressure grouting molding, reducing the labor intensity, the product qualification rate has been greatly improved, enhancing the quality and output of Yaoci products, so that the exquisite and traditional decorative art of Yaoci carving has achieved industrial transformation.
When creating, Han Yingying carved traditional flower patterns in her hands, and her mind often "shifted", as if she was in the era of the year, and she was intoxicated by the dialogue with traditional ancient carving craftsmen. In 2014, Han Yingying's carved and designed Yaozhou kiln peony plum vase was collected by Ma Weidu, an expert in the ceramic industry, and in 2015, the Yaozhou kiln blue glaze carved flower inverted pot was designated as a national treasure of northern celadon to give gifts to foreign leaders visiting China.
Not only that, Han Yingying also developed and designed a series of tableware and tea sets with international popular elements, and won the gold medal in the Shaanxi Tourism Commodity Competition. The tableware series designed by her was used by Xi'an Tongshengxiang Catering Culture Co., Ltd., which combined Yaozhou celadon with Shaanxi's characteristic food culture and expanded the scale of celadon use. Honors also followed, Han Yingying has won the Tongchuan City Technical Champion, Shaanxi Province Technology Model, Shaanxi Province May Day Labor Medal, Shaanxi Province Arts and Crafts Master, National Ceramic Industry Technical Expert, National May Day Women's Pacesetter and other honorary titles.
Although she has been engaged in ceramic carving for 16 years, in fact, Han Yingying is just in her early 30s, and as a first-time mother, she enjoys the joy of being a mother while making plans and plans for her future ceramic design work. In Han Yingying's view, the Yaozhou kiln ceramic culture, which has been recorded for more than 1,000 years, has a profound heritage, and these carving skills need more young people to inherit and develop, which has also become her responsibility. Han Yingying said frankly that they hope that more young people will come to learn the craft of ceramic carving. "I will definitely pass on the craft without reservation. Han Yingying said.
Shixiang, the Shaanxi people in the lens.