The western part of Zhejiang is shocked to discover the secret of wild and efficient cultivation of white flower front Hu!
Funds: Research on the correlation factors of the accumulation of active ingredients of Qianhu and the integration and demonstration of imitation wild cultivation technology (2020K33), Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Technical Team Project (Zhejiang Nong Ji Fa [2022] No. 10).
Wang Jiajun et al
It is the dried root of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn, an umbrella plant. It has the effects of reducing gas and phlegm, evacuating wind and heat, etc., and is widely used in the production of traditional Chinese medicine clinical and cough and phlegm preparations, and is a common bulk medicinal material. According to the Pharmaceutical Intelligence Data Network, it participates in the formulation and compatibility of more than 500 Chinese medicine prescriptions and more than 100 Chinese patent medicines, and the market demand is large. At present, the wild Hu resources mostly grow in the sunny slopes of mountainous areas and valleys and streams at an altitude of 200~1500m, and the reserves are small. At present, the research group has carried out a preliminary success in the wild transfer experiment of the local Macrophyllum alba, and in 2022, the large-scale imitation wild cultivation and field biological characteristics observation and research will be carried out in Hongri Family Farm and Shangshang Town, Qujiang District, in order to discuss the key points of the high-efficiency cultivation technology of the imitation wild of the Phyllum chinensis and provide an experimental basis for the construction of the GAP base.
1 Materials and methods
1.1 Germplasm
The dried and mature seeds of 2-year-old Phyllum alba-chandea were collected from the wild varieties of Chun'an County, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province as germplasm.
1.2 Method
Seed sowing was used for sowing, and the cultivation of Huhu in greenhouses, imitation wilds, and wild (shade nets) were compared.
1.2.1 Cultivation in large shelves
The base greenhouse is located in Qujiang District, Quzhou City, Shilifeng Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Base, by the base staff specific implementation, after the field Gen is restored, the appropriate amount of base fertilizer is applied about 50kg of compound fertilizer per mu, leveling, along the direction of the flowing water to do 1.2-1.5m wide furrow, furrow depth of about 10-15cm, furrow length of about 10m, each furrow digging 3 rows, row spacing more than 30cm, plant spacing 25cm, the white flower front Hu seeds (about 5) sown in the furrow hole, and then use a bamboo broom to gently sweep the backfill soil, so that the seeds and the soil are fully combined, the backfill soil generally uses peat, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, ordinary loess (the ratio is 2:1:2:4) is mixed. The area is 0.1 mu, the sowing amount is 0.2kg, and the sowing time is early January 2022.
1.2.2 Imitation of wild and wild cultivation
After leveling in the field, the treatment of the planting environment in the greenhouse is consistent, without applying any herbicides, and the biological characteristics of the wild state are retained as much as possible except for the artificial pulling out of large invasive weeds. The sowing time is early January 2022, with an area of 0.2 mu and a sowing amount of 0.5kg.
1.2.3 Liquid phase detection methods
On January 16, 2023, 3 random plants of Qianhu herbs were collected in greenhouses, imitation wild and wild cultivation areas for liquid phase detection, and the specific method was to accurately weigh about 0.2000g of traditional Chinese medicine sample powder after crushing and grinding into a 15mL brown centrifuge tube. Then 5mL of chromatography-grade methanol solution was added, shaking at room temperature for 3min, and then extracting with ultrasonic shaking at room temperature for 60min. At the end of the day, transfer the entire supernatant to a 10 mL brown volumetric flask and refrigerate at 4 °C. Then continue the extraction one more time, combining the supernatant twice in a 10 mL brown volumetric flask. Finally, methanol is used to make up for the missing volume to the scale. Shake and mix well, and take 1mL of the extract through a 0.22 μm filter membrane and measure it on the machine.
2 Results and Analysis
2.1 Results
According to the results of liquid phase detection, it was found that in different cultivation modes, the contents of methyl and 2.25 mg/g were the highest, with a content of 14.39 mg/g and 2.25 mg/g. In different parts of the drug, the content of methyl and B in lateral roots was generally higher than that in taproots.
Fig.1 Curve of carboxylin standard
Fig.2 Curve of ethophyllin standard in white flower preflower
Fig.3 Chromatogram of the sample of A. alba (taproot 1 of greenhouse).
Table 1 Comparison of the contents of carachin and ethyl in the three methods
2.2 Analysis of the key points of the planting technology of Hu in western Zhejiang
2.2.1 Land selection and land preparation
Qianhu likes warm, moist and cool environment and is a deep-rooted plant, western Zhejiang is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, mountainous and hilly, planting Qianhu should choose a plot with deep soil and a certain shade degree on the slope. It is more suitable for large-scale planting under sparse forest, and the slope of the mountain field is more suitable at 20~30°. If it is greater than 45°, it is easy to be washed by rain (heavy rain in mountainous areas). Flat land planting has no shade, easy to accumulate water, affects the growth of roots, plants are easy to flower, roots are lignified and the commodity rate is not high.
2.2.2 Methods of sowing and propagation
The front Hu is suitable for early sowing, the appropriate temperature for seed germination is 10 °C ~ 15 °C, the best is autumn sowing, early seedling, strong resistance to stress, western Zhejiang should be sown in 2~3 months, at the latest should not exceed Qingming, too late the temperature is too high, the seedling is difficult, and the true leaves are easy to burn after the seedlings are unearthed. Causing mass deaths. It is better to sow seeds to sow seeds, with a seed amount of 1~1.5kg per mu, and basal fertilizer is applied after mountain reclamation. 30~50kg of rotted cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer per mu, and the mountains can not be furrowed. However, it is necessary to use branches, roots, grass and blades every 3~10m to make a soil belt to prevent soil erosion. The seeds (fruits) are sprinkled on the soil surface and then gently brushed with bamboo branches or brooms to facilitate the full integration of the seeds with the soil.
2.2.3 Field management
After sowing, about 50 days of seedlings, seedling management should pay attention to weed prevention, fertilization concentration should be half of the normal concentration. When the seedlings are about 5-7cm long, the seedlings are thinned and the seedlings are replenished. The first top dressing is from May to June, and the amount of fertilizer should not exceed 10kg compound fertilizer/mu, and the second application before harvesting before September can be reapplied 50kg/mu. It is drought-tolerant and waterlogging, and it is easy to rot roots when it is waterlogged for a long time. For the front beard of the sprout, the stem can be broken off or directly plucked at a distance of 20 cm from the ground.
2.2.4 Harvesting and processing
From the end of December to January of the following year, the rhizomes are harvested during the period when the growth of the front Hu is stopped, the soil and aerial parts are removed, and the impurities are removed by drying them in the sun or at low temperature. Smash a bundle of straw rope and store it in a dry place.
3 Conclusion
(1) Based on the above situation, the best mode of cultivation was to imitate wild breeding, and the content of methyl content in the roots of Forehu was 14.39 mg/g, and the content of B was 2.25 mg/g. Due to the imitation of the wild model, the wild state is simulated from the planting geographical environment to the management mode, which reduces the pollution, ensures the quality of medicinal materials to a certain extent, and has the characteristics of safety and efficiency.
(2) The growth and development period of the pre-Hu cultivates in western Zhejiang is two years, and the growth period of the products is one year, that is, sowing in February ~ March, and digging before November ~ December of the same year. During the period, fertilization was carried out in two batches, and the production management technology was simple, which was suitable for large-scale planting in western Zhejiang, and this study provided an experimental basis for large-scale planting.