Recently, the Epidemic Prevention and Control Group of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Prevention and Control of the Epidemic of Key Infectious Diseases such as Novel Coronavirus Infection during the May Day Holiday in 2024 and the Spring and Summer Coronavirus Infection", reminding that the increase in the mobility of people and the increase in gathering activities during the May Day holiday may increase the risk of epidemic transmission. According to experts, the new coronavirus has frequent genetic mutations during the epidemic and transmission, and there is a certain proportion of risk of reinfection, so the public should not relax personal protection. Once you have respiratory symptoms such as cough and fever, you should stay away from crowds and rest at home to avoid transmitting the virus to other people.
1. The transmission route of the new coronavirus and the susceptible population
1. Source of infection: The source of infection is mainly the new coronavirus infected person, which is infectious during the incubation period, and is the most contagious within 3 days after the onset of the disease.
2. Transmission route: Respiratory droplets and close contact transmission are the main transmission routes, which can be transmitted by aerosols in a relatively closed environment, and can also cause infection after contact with virus-contaminated items.
3. Susceptible population: The population is generally susceptible. Some immunity can be acquired after infection or vaccination against the new coronavirus. The severe disease rate and case fatality rate of the elderly and patients with serious underlying diseases are higher than those of the general population, and the risk of severe disease and death can be reduced after vaccination.
2. Clinical symptoms of new coronavirus infection
The incubation period is usually 2-4 days. The main manifestations are dry throat, sore throat, cough, fever, etc., fever is mostly medium and low fever, some cases can also be manifested as high fever, the fever duration is not more than 3 days, some patients can be accompanied by muscle aches, loss or loss of smell and taste, nasal congestion, flow, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, etc.
3. General treatment of new coronavirus infection
1. Isolation and treatment according to the requirements of respiratory infectious diseases. Ensure adequate energy and nutrition, pay attention to the balance of water and electrolytes, and maintain a stable internal environment. Patients with high fever can be physically cooled and antipyretic drugs can be used. Patients with severe cough and expectorant should be given cough and expectorant drugs.
2. Vital signs should be monitored for high-risk groups of severe disease, especially oxygen saturation at rest and after activity. At the same time, the relevant indicators of the underlying disease are monitored.
3. Patients with underlying diseases will be given corresponding treatment.
4. Prevention of new coronavirus infection
1. Wear masks scientifically. Surgical masks or N95 masks that meet the standards can be worn in public places, on public transportation, and in crowded areas.
2. Wash your hands frequently and pay attention to hygiene. Wash your hands often with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds, especially after touching public objects and before eating and using the toilet. When you can't wash your hands, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer to clean your hands.
3. Practice social distancing. Try to maintain a social distance of at least 1 metre and avoid staying in crowded places and confined spaces for long periods of time.
4. Pay attention to personal respiratory hygiene. When coughing or sneezing, cover it with a tissue or elbow, and avoid covering your mouth and nose directly with your hands. Discard paper towels immediately after use, and wash hands promptly.
5. Strengthen ventilation. Open windows regularly for ventilation to maintain indoor air circulation and reduce the risk of virus accumulation. In public places, give preference to activities in a well-ventilated environment.
6. Pay attention to your health and seek medical attention in time. If you have symptoms such as fever, cough, and fatigue, you should wear a mask immediately and seek medical attention in time, and take the initiative to inform your travel history and contact history. Check your body temperature regularly and pay attention to changes in your health and that of your family.
Author: Zong Yan
Source: Shenyang Sixth People's Hospital
Editor: Wang Shuangning
Proofreading: Xing Yuxin, Chen Zeming
Preliminary review: Liang Xuan
Review: Xu Jiang