In 1913, the second year of the Republic of China, Beijing Sannautical Map
Zhongnanhai is the combined name of Zhonghai and Nanhai, located on the west side of the Forbidden City in Beijing, south of Aoyu Bridge, with an area of about 1,500 acres, including 700 acres of water surface, and is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Formerly known as Xiyuan, Zhongnanhai has always been the palace and banquet place of the feudal emperors of the dynasties, and the main scenery is Ziguang Pavilion, Qinzheng Palace, Banana Garden, Shuiyun Pavilion, Yingtai, Fengze Garden and Jinggu.
Zhongnanhai was built in the Liaojin Dynasty and was a royal garden for feudal rulers during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, the beginning of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai decided to set up the presidential palace in Zhongnanhai, Xiyuan, and made corresponding preparations.
First of all, Zhongnanhai was renamed "Xinhua Palace", took the meaning of the founding of the new Republic of China, transformed the Nanhai Baoyue Building into the main gate of Zhongnanhai, opened the south wall to repair a pair of eight-character walls to connect the two ends of the Baoyue Building, so that it directly faced the West Chang'an Street, the middle of the first floor opened three doors, built a large shadow wall in the north of the building, the door was completed, named "Xinhua Gate".
In 1912, Zhongnanhai Xinhuamen
Opposite the door, a diamond-shaped pattern flower wall was repaired across the street to block the Huihuiying houses and mosques behind (the current wall is still the same, and the Huihuiying houses and mosques have been demolished), and the section of West Chang'an Street outside the Zhongnan Hainan Imperial City Wall was renamed "Fuqian Street", and the street outside the Xihuang City Wall in Zhongnanhai was named "Fuyou Street".
"Haiyan Hall" was renamed "Juren Hall" and became the office of the president; "Yiluan Palace" was renamed "Huairen Hall" and was used as the meeting place, the Regent Palace was the office of the State Council, and Fengze Garden was the office of the president, and the entire "Zhongnanhai" became the presidential office.
In 1912, Zhongnanhai Zhonghai Haiyan Hall, after the Republic of China, it was renamed Juren Hall
In 1928, the government of the Republic of China moved its capital to Nanjing, and Beijing was restored to the title of Beiping in the early Ming Dynasty, and Beiping became a municipality under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province (later upgraded to a special city of Beiping under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan).
In 1925, the Beihai in Xiyuan was opened as "Beihai Park" for the public to visit and rest. As a rule, Zhongnanhai should also be turned into a park.
In 1928, Mr. Hua Nangui, then director of the Beiping Municipal Public Affairs Bureau, sent a letter to the mayor of Beiping, requesting that Zhongnanhai be protected.
This attracted the attention of the Nationalist Government, which believed that turning the Emperor's Forbidden Garden and the warlord's official residence into a park was a sign of the transition from a subject society to a national society, and the opening of Zhongnanhai became a grand event to return power to the people.
After some efforts, the board of directors of Zhongnanhai was established in December of that year. In April 1929, the board of directors of Zhongnanhai elected Xiong Xiling as chairman and Li Guanghan as the director of affairs.
Soon, the Beiping Municipal Government also set up a "Temporary Committee for the Tidying Up of Zhongnanhai Park" to be responsible for matters related to Zhongnanhai. So far, Zhongnanhai Park has been officially opened to the public.
Zhongnanhai Xinhua Gate
Zhongnanhai Nanhai Nanhai Hanyuan Gate Inner Screen Door
The interior of the Wanshou Pavilion in the South China Sea of Zhongnanhai
Zhongnanhai Nanhai Yingtai Hanyuan Gate outside
Zhongnanhai Nanhai Nanhai Xiangyan Temple
Under the outer corridor of the Xinhua Gate of the South China Sea, Zhongnanhai
Zhongnanhai Nanhai Wanzi Gallery photographed the Shuanghuan Pavilion
The flower window shadow wall on the south side of the west eight places of the Qinzheng Hall on the north shore of the South China Sea in Zhongnanhai
The verandah on the south side of Zhongnanhai Chun Couple
Zhongnanhai Nanhai Yingtai Xiangluan Pavilion south
Part of Zhongnanhai South China Sea Corridor
The total area of Zhongnanhai Park is about 1,500 acres, of which the water surface is about 700 acres, far exceeding Beihai. As the largest body of water in the inner city of Beiping, in addition to viewing the royal gardens, Zhongnanhai Park is also characterized by water (ice) projects.
Fishing, boating, swimming, and skating are quite modern, and there are group tickets for swimming, 5% discount for more than 70 people, and monthly tickets for students to practice. The pool also employs swimming coaches to guide and improve swimming skills.
In 1935, the South China Sea Swastika Gallery in Xiyuan (no longer exists).
In 1935, the gate of the Beiping Municipal Government (Fuyou Street). Outside the west wall of Zhonghai in Zhongnanhai, the site of the old north church of the mouth of the pond. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Cixi planned to build a spiritual palace and enter the Xiyuan area; the Xuantong Dynasty rebuilt the palace of the government and opened the gate to enter and exit; the State Council of the Beiyang Government entered the garrison after the Republic of China; it was set up by the Beiping City Government after the relocation of the capital; and the Government Yuan opened its office here in 1949. The original buildings have been demolished and rebuilt, leaving only the West Flower Hall.
In 1937-10, after the "77" incident, the Japanese army occupied Beiping, and the Japanese puppet authorities changed Beiping back to "Beijing", or that gate, the plaque of the Beiping Municipal Government was covered by the banner of the "Beijing Municipal Government", and the rebels who served as puppets took a group photo in front of the door. Excerpt from "Andersen's Far East Album" [By Johan Gunnar Andersson East Asia Museum, Sweden]
Zhongnanhai swimming pool, 1940
Around 1940, Xiyuan Nanhai Shuanghuan Pavilion (Wind Pavilion Moon Pavilion) and Verandah [postcard of the Japanese pseudo-period]
Around 1940, Xiyuan Nanhai Swastika Gallery [postcard of the Japanese pseudo-period]
Around 1940, 西苑南海卍字廊(今已不存) [日偽期明信片]
Around 1940, Xiyuan Nanhai Yingtai Imperial Palace Restaurant (Yingxun Pavilion) [postcard of the Japanese pseudo-period]
Around 1940, the sea cloud pavilion in the middle of the West Garden [postcard of the Japanese pseudo-period]
Around 1940, the lakeside of Yingchun Garden on the west bank of the sea in Xiyuan [postcard of the Japanese pseudo-period]
Around 1940, a woman visiting the Spring Garden in Zhonghai in Xiyuan [postcard of the Japanese pseudo-period]