In the sixth year of Xining (1073), there was a great drought in the south of the Yangtze River.
In November, Su Shi was ordered to go to Changzhou, Runzhou, Suzhou, and Xiuzhou to provide relief to the victims.
From the end of March to the end of May of the second year, Su Shi finished his official work and rushed to Yixing, where he was longing for him, and lived in Hufu Danxi's house for several months.
Shan Xi is a native of Yixing, and Su Shi is the same list of Jinshi (1057), as early as the Qionglin banquet that year, he and another fellow countryman Jiang Zhiqi, together with Su Shi, described the beauty of Yixing and Taihu Lake to Su Shi, and hooked Su Shi's interest early.
In the past few months, Su Shi traveled all over the Yixing landscape and scenic spots, deeply loved the landscape characters here, and wrote several poems, including "selling swords to buy cattle and I want to grow old, killing chickens for millet to come to nothing", "Xie Pei cast hairpins, ask for fields, yellow chickens, white wine, fishing and Qiao Society, Yuanlong is not a young man, and the ears are washed away with famous words", all of which reveal their desire to retreat to the mountains and forests and live in Yixing.
He not only wrote poems, but also married his eldest sister's daughter to Shan Xi as his wife, and entrusted him to buy land and property for himself in Yixing, with the attitude that he would settle here.
I don't know if Shan Xixin believes it or not, anyway, another of his classmates, Zhang Dun, believes it.
Born in a family of eunuchs in Pucheng (now part of Fujian), Zhang Dian was a young man with a bold and straightforward personality, handsome appearance, free and easy manners, outstanding intelligence, and extensive learning.
He was two years older than Su Shi, and he won the Jinshi on the same list, but because of the champion, he was taken by his nephew Zhang Heng, and he was ashamed to be under Zhang Heng, so he threw away the edict and went home, and was admitted again in the next list.
It can be seen from this incident that Zhang Dian is a person, although his talent is high, but his personality is as upright as fire, and there is no tactfulness.
But for the communicative genius Su Shi, whether it is Shan Xi Jiang Zhiqi or Zhang Dian Zhang Heng, he can make friends with him.
For a long time, Zhang Dian cited Su Shi as a confidant. When he read this poem, he had just been transferred to Huzhou, Zhejiang, and immediately wrote a poem and sent it to Su Shi.
This poem is called "Sending Su Zizhan":
Jun Fangyang envy Bu's new home, I am also Wu Men's old house.
Outside the body, the clouds are light and the soil is light, and the traces in front of him are paid.
The sound of the stream, the mountains and the clouds, the flowers and shadows of the stream.
He made an appointment to come and go on a boat, and fished with poetry and wine.
"Zizhan" is Su Shi's character, and Zhang's character is "Zihou".
* 土苴 (jū): 土苴, refers to dregs, dross, metaphor for lowly things.
* 籧篨 (qú chú): A thick bamboo mat made of bamboo or reeds that cannot be rolled up and is sometimes used to make sails or cushions.
* 罨 (yǎn) painting: It means a brightly colored painting, often used to describe the flamboyance of natural scenery or buildings.
Yangxian is the ancient name of Yixing, while Wumen refers to the area around Suzhou. In the Song Dynasty, Huzhou and Suzhou were equally famous, both belonged to the two Zhejiang roads, and the folk had the proverb that "Suhu is ripe, and the world is full".
You've just chosen a new place to live in Yangxian, and I'm preparing to renovate a dilapidated house in the Suzhou area.
That fame and fortune are just things outside the body, as light as floating clouds, as low as dregs, those things that have been in the past for the purpose are better to pay for a rough table, sit idly and look down.
The sound of flowing water in the mountain stream is crisp, the beautiful mountain scenery seems to float above the vast clouds, and the sparkling waves of the stream reflect the mottled flower shadows, like a brightly colored painting.
I hope to meet you, take a small boat to and fro, drink and write poems intimately, and enjoy the joy of fishing.
At that time, Zhang Dian had been friends with Su Shi for more than ten years, and the two had left a lot of elegant things in their interactions.
On December 17, the first year of Zhiping (1064), the 28-year-old Su Shi received an order from the imperial court to return to Bianjing.
When passing through Chang'an, I saw a "Drunken Taoist Picture" at Wang Yi's house, and the inscription said, "The servant does not like wine, and the father of the Zhengzheng Father "Drunken Scholar Picture" is very afraid of holding the cup and holding the ear. It means that because he doesn't like to drink, he was scared when he saw the Taoist priest holding a wine glass in his hand - this is obviously a joke, and Su Shi is also famous for his love of drinking.
Not long after, Zhang Dian happened to pass by Chang'an, saw this painting and Su Shi's inscription, couldn't help laughing, and also inscribed a sentence at the back, "Servant Guan "Drunken Taoist Map", the title of the monarchs at the end of the scroll, to Zizhan's inscription. "
"Gimmick" means to make people laugh, and "absolutely falling" means to laugh backwards and backwards, and cannot control themselves.
When Zhang Dian saw Su Shi's inscription, he immediately understood his banter, and couldn't help laughing, which showed his understanding of Su Shi.
Interestingly, on December 29 of the first year of Xining (1068), Su Shi ended his father's funeral, and then passed Chang'an on the way to Beijing to see this picture again, so he couldn't help but re-inscribe it after the inscription of Zhangdun, two of which wrote, "Holding the ear Weng is still afraid of it, if the son is thick to ask for it to hold but can't." See you again in the future, and be a gimmick. ”
In the second year, Zhang Dian was transferred to Wudang County, and he saw this painting again in Chang'an, and made "After Drunken Taoist Figures", a few sentences of which were
There are many flavors in wine, and those who hate it are few ears. If you hold your ears, you are too harsh. Zizhan has a good landscape, and he is still unwilling to cross the immortal pool, and he knows the taste of this.
What is the story of "refusing to cross the immortal pool"?
That was earlier, both of them were still young, Su Shi was the judge of Fengxiang Mansion, and Zhang Dian was the Shangzhou Order.
The two get along well and often play together, and once went to Xianyoutan near the South Zhongxing Temple in Zhouzhi County, Shaanxi.
Under the pond, there are torrents flying and turbulent, and there are thousands of cliffs, and there is only a thin wooden plank bridge on it. Zhang Dun instigated Su Shi to go to the opposite cliff together, but Su Shi was scared and refused to go.
This incident is recorded in Su Shi's poem "Leaving the title of Xianyoutan Zhongxing Temple, there is a Jade Girl Cave in the east of the temple, there is a Marong reading stone room in the south of the cave, crossing the pond and south, the mountain stone is strange, there is a bridge on the pond, afraid of its danger, dare not cross" poem, he said frankly in the poem, "I still love the mountain heart has not arrived, do not step on the flying ladder with both feet".
But what he didn't say was that Zhang Dian laughed and slowly crossed the small bridge, then grabbed a sling, and went along the cliff to the opposite bank, his expression remained chic and unchanged, and he wrote on the stone wall with a lacquer ink pen "Zhang Dian and Su Shi come to swim" a few big words.
After coming back, Su Shi stroked Zhang Dan's back and said, "Zihou will be able to kill!"
"Why do you say that?"
Su Shi sighed: "People who can play with their lives can also kill people." ”
Another time, the two were drinking in the mountain temple and riding horses to see the tigers while they were drunk.
There were still dozens of steps away from the tiger, and the horse was frightened and did not dare to move forward, Su Shi suddenly woke up, turned around and ran.
But he calmly took out a copper salon, whipped the horse forward alone, and when he got close to the tiger, he made a noise on the stone, and the tiger was frightened and fled.
When Zhang Dian went back, he said to Su Shi, "You must be inferior to me." ”
This is indeed half true, Zhang Dian is indeed more comfortable than Su Shi in the officialdom, but in the end, it is Su Shi who has been famous for thousands of years, and it is Zhang Dian who has been accused by later generations for thousands of years.
Zhang Dian served as the governor and the Privy Council, and also held the position of high for five years, and made great achievements in the restoration of the green seedlings, the exemption from military service, and the war against the Western Xia.
As Su Shi once praised, "Zihou Qiwei is peerless, he is a generation of strangers, as for fame and fame, it is the rest." ”
However, later generations don't care what kind of things Zhang Dian has done and what achievements he has achieved, and when he is mentioned, it seems that there is only one label left - "the only person who turned against Su Shi and caused him to be demoted to death".
So when and why did Zhang Dun part ways with Su Shi?
In the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty (1071), Su Shi wrote a book to talk about the shortcomings of the new law, which caused Wang Anshi's dissatisfaction and was impeached by the imperial history. Su Shi invited himself out of Beijing and was awarded the general judgment of Hangzhou. At this time, Zhang Dian had already become one of the main forces of the law reform, analyzing and investigating and visiting the implementation of the new law in many places.
After that, Su Shi traveled to Mizhou, Xuzhou and other places, calming the people for disaster relief and governing one side; Zhang Dian was appreciated by Wang Anshi and Song Shenzong, and was also impeached from Beijing after being promoted to the third envoy, and went out of Huzhou, and Su Shi had an exchange of the opening poem.
At that time, Su Shi also wrote two poems, replying, "The early years of retirement are together, and he talks a long time when he sees each other."
In April of the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was transferred to Huzhou Zhizhou, and his political enemies found mistakes in his "Huzhou Xie Shang Table", accusing him of "resentment and anger" and "harboring evil intentions", which triggered the "Wutai Poetry Case" that changed the fate of Su Shi's life.
At that time, there was a voice of rebellion in the imperial court, and Su Shi was sent to Beijing by the officials of the Imperial Historical Observatory, and dozens of people were implicated.
The high-ranking prime minister Wang Jue, with the sentence "The root to the nine springs has no curve, only the dragon in the world knows", said that Su Shi cursed the emperor and had the intention of rebellion, intending to put Su Shi to death.
Zhang Dian angrily scolded the prime minister above the court, "The dragon is not the only king, and everyone can speak of the dragon." ”
After retiring from the dynasty, Zhang Dian still chased after Wang Qi and asked sharply, "Does Xianggong want to destroy the Su family!"
Wang Qi had no choice but to say, "This is what Shu Yan said to me", and Zhang Dan reprimanded, "Do you want to eat Shu Yan's saliva!"
In order to rescue Su Shi, Zhang Dian not only confronted the prime minister in person, but also repeatedly admonished in front of the emperor, saying that Su Shi should be "outspoken and extremely admonished" at the age of 23, and was ranked first, and Song Renzong regarded him as a treasure, so how could he be imprisoned now?
It can be said that there were many people running to rescue Su Shi at that time, but who was the most brave and fearless, and did not hesitate to gamble on his political future?
Later, after Su Shi suffered in prison for more than 100 days, he was finally released and resettled in Huangzhou.
Zhang Dian is even more affectionate to write letters of comfort and encouragement, and it can be said that he has done something that many friends can't do.
For this reason, Su Shi wrote gratefully in his reply:
Since he was offended, he did not dare to resume his relationship with personnel, although he was close to each other, he was not willing to have a word of contact. Suddenly, he was given a book, he asked very questions, he was deeply saddened, and he sighed indescribably.
However, Feng Shui takes turns.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Shenzong died, Zhezong, who was only 10 years old, ascended the throne, and the Empress Dowager Gao listened to the government and appointed Sima Guang, the leader of the old party, as the prime minister.
After Sima Guang came to power, he abolished the new law and reactivated the suppressed conservatives, regardless of the reason.
As if caught in a vicious circle of "opposition for the sake of opposition," the old party members took turns attacking the reformers, and many high-ranking members of the new party were pulled down.
For a while, the new party was silent, but Zhang Dian was still fearless, and he went up alone, analyzing the pros and cons of the two laws of exemption and errand service one by one, refuting Sima Guang's attack on the exemption law, arguing with Sima Guang in front of the curtain of the queen mother, and even issuing the provocative words of "he can accompany him to eat the sword on a safe day".
Sima Guang wanted to cede land to Western Xia to sue for peace, and the conservatives supported him one after another, but Zhang Dian angrily denounced that "those who speak can be beheaded", saying that they are "unscrupulous people" who are ignorant and ignorant, and even said that Sima Guang is "a village master" and "incompetent".
Such an irreverent Zhang Dian was impeached by the imperial historians one after another, and was demoted from the court to serve as the governor of Ruzhou.
Su Shi and others, who opposed the new law, returned to the center of the imperial court and were entrusted with important tasks, and they came to a high point for eight years.
What did Su Shi do at this time?
At first, he mediated from it, hoping that Zhang Dian could save some face for Sima Guang and not be too aggressive, but Zhang Dian refused.
After that, his younger brother Su Zhe joined the army of impeachment of Zhang. Su Zhe not only attacked Zhang Dian many times, but also wrote a letter of "Begging Zhang Dian Zhi Privy Council".
There is no tangible evidence in the recital, but Su Zhe still insisted:
The ministers heard that the ministers of the court were different from the ministers, and the ministers were used if they were not guilty, and they were expelled if they were guilty. As for the minister, if he is not guilty, but his intentions are not good, he cannot be kept.
The logic is very strange: if the official position is light, it can be used without guilt, and if the official position is heavy, even if the crime is not obvious, it just can't be used.
Obviously, it is "fighting for the sake of fighting" and degrading the minister for "trumped-up" crimes.
Zhang Dian was assigned to Ruzhou, Henan, and he repeatedly wrote to ask him to be transferred to Yangzhou in order to take care of his 80-year-old sick father in Hangzhou, but the court refused.
In the existing historical materials, there is no rescue behavior of Su Shi in the process of Zhang Dun's demotion in the process, and there is no even word of maintenance.
On the contrary, the core members of the old party, Lü Gongshu, the son of Lü Yijian, and Fan Chunren, the son of Fan Zhongyan, are actively pleading.
In November, Zhang Dian asked for his resignation and raised the Dongxiao Palace (Taoist palace in Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province).
Because of the death of his father, he returned home to mourn, but he was still constantly attacked by the old party.
However, in December, Su Shi, who had not been in contact for a long time, sent a letter, which was the famous "Gui'an Qiu Garden" post.
"Gui'an Qiu Garden" means to return to the hometown and live in peace.
The post wrote, "Returning to Anqiu Garden, the early years shared this intention, and the public independence was the first to get it, and it was better than envy." But I am afraid that the fate of the world is deep, and I don't know if the fruit will be lost? ”
It means that returning to our hometown to live in peace is a wish we had in our early years, but I didn't expect you to realize your long-cherished wish first, which is really envious to me. It's just that you're in the middle of officialdom and don't know if you can really get out?
It is difficult for us to guess what kind of mood Su Shi wrote this sentence in at that time.
Perhaps after experiencing the tribulations of Huangzhou, after Su Shi really became "Mr. Dongpo", he was indeed tired of officialdom in his heart, and he said his heart because he longed to go into hiding.
But in the situation of Zhang Dian at that time, with his straightforward and fiery temper, I am afraid that he will not think that the other party is out of good intentions, right?
Many people regard this letter as a sign of Zhang's misfortune, and from Zhang's point of view, it may not be true.
At the moment of repeated major blows, seeing such words that cannot be said to be comforting or sneering, it is not incomprehensible if Zhang Dian has hatred for this.
I always feel that Su Zizhan's heart is too big, and it can fit thousands of chapters thick.
But for Zhang Zihou when he was young, there was only one friend he treated most sincerely, Su Zizhan.
He is too strong, too straight and too arrogant, and there is only one person who can make him willing to fight for his future and life.
Therefore, in the face of "betrayal", he hates so much, and even hates the other party to death.
Therefore, in 1093 AD, the Empress Dowager Gao died, Song Zhezong was in power, and the main forces of the new party such as Zhang Dian returned to the court.
When he returned again, he became more and more ruthless, and even Wang Anshi, the leader of the reformists, became a "too mild" person in his eyes.
He compiled the laws of the Exemption Law, the Baojia Law, and the Qingmiao Law into one book, named the "Changping and Exemption Edict", promulgated it throughout the country, and basically restored the new law of Xining.
He once tried to destroy the old party, snatched the deceased Sima Guang and Lü Gong's writings, and even suggested to the emperor that Sima Guang be opened in the coffin and whipped the corpse, but because of Song Zhezong's hesitation, he ultimately failed.
From 1094 to 1097, Su Shi was also degraded again and again, and was finally sent to Danzhou, Hainan Island at the age of 62.
It is precisely because of this that later generations deeply hated Zhang Dun for being ruthless and ruthless, believing that he was blinded by hatred.
Although Su Shi was demoted, he also entered the highest state of peace with what happened, and he could have fun in suffering anywhere.
When he was relegated to Huizhou, he was obsessed with the delicacy of lychees and wrote the poem "300 lychees a day, and he will not hesitate to be a Lingnan person".
Reduced to Hainan, he set up a school and introduced the style of learning, planted the seeds of learning for local children, and was regarded by later generations as the pioneer and sower of Danzhou culture.
As for Zhang Dian in the court, in addition to presiding over the law change, he strongly advocated the Northern Expedition to the West, defeated the Western Xia and surrendered, and also saw the ambition of the Liao people in advance, so that the border officials were strictly prepared, and those who crossed the border were directly killed.
The people of the time called it "a pillar of the heavens, judging the mountains and rivers", Li Gang, a famous minister of the anti-gold dynasty, said that he "scholars like to slander his mistakes, but from now on, cherish the famous weapons, and adhere to the law", Song Zhezong even believed that he "has the truth of the Tao and the state, and the rest of the territory and the restoration of the universe", "good governance and good law, many changes, the right color is alarmist, not afraid of the strong emperor, ten years to go to the country, a virtue to protect the bow, although the turmoil and the fear of the road, and the gold and stone are unswerving".
Unfortunately, although Song Zhezong was "gifted and intelligent, he was really a master of things", but he did not live long, and died young at the age of 25.
When choosing an heir, Zhang Duan was more optimistic about King Jian, but Empress Dowager Xiang firmly believed that Duan Wang Zhao Ji was more suitable.
Zhang Dian and Duan Wang Zhao Ji met, and when they came back, they claimed: "Duan Wang is frivolous, you can't rule the world!"
Later, as expected, after Zhao Ji of Song Huizong ascended the throne, he was blessed with wind and snow every day, and the great rivers and mountains of the Northern Song Dynasty were buried in just over 20 years.
Returning his gaze to Jan.
After Song Huizong Zhao Ji ascended the throne, the new party was reused again, and Su Shi was also reinstated.
Zhang Dun's resignation was not allowed many times, and he still suffered the same fate as Su Shi.
At this time, Su Shi, who was on the way back to the north, also received a letter from Zhang Yuan, the son of Zhang Yuan, ostensibly asking him to help, but in fact hoping that he would not fall into the ground.
Su Shi replied, "A certain and the prime minister have been friends for more than 40 years, although the source in the middle is slightly different, the friendship is solid and undamaged. But what is the benefit of the past, but only those who have not been. The Lord is benevolent and faithful, and the grass and trees and guinea fish know ......"
How to understand "friendship without increase or loss" is a matter of opinion, but for Zhang Dan, it seems that he has no love or hatred, his heart is like water, and his words are perfunctory.
In the subsequent historical records, the two did not communicate with each other word or word.
In 1101, Su Shi died in Changzhou, leaving a will and buried in Ruzhou, Henan.
In 1105, Zhang Dian died in Huzhou and was buried in Changxing, Zhejiang.
Su Zizhan failed to return to Lao Yangxian in the end, and Zhang Zihou never returned to Wumen, they were all buried in places they hadn't thought of back then.
Twenty-six years later, Tokyo fell to foreign hands and the Northern Song Dynasty perished.
Song Gaozong Zhao Gou ascended the throne in Yingtianfu and migrated south for more than ten years before officially establishing the capital in Hangzhou.
He posthumously presented Su Shi as the Taishi, posthumously demoted Zhang Dian as the deputy envoy of the Zhaohua Army, and ordered his descendants to never be able to appear in the imperial court.
However, right and wrong have become a matter of death after all, and it has nothing to do with them.
What makes me sigh is only the decades of grievances and grievances between the two, the changes in the world that make the hot-blooded teenagers go to a strange road, and the ruthless torrent that engulfs them "as a last resort".
Which is right or wrong?
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