01, since the Tang and Song dynasties, there are several families in the south of the Yangtze River
In early 2000, Jin Yong wrote in his autobiographical essay "Moon Cloud": "The army from Shandong entered Yiguan's hometown, and Yiguan's father was judged to be a landlord, oppressed the peasants, and was sentenced to death. Yiguan cried in Hong Kong for three days and three nights, and was sad for most of the year, but he did not hate the army that killed his father. Because there are tens of thousands of landlords executed in China, this is a great change. ”
"Yiguan" is Jin Yong's nickname, which was given by his father Zha Shuxun (one said to be Zha Shuqing, also known as Zha Hexiang and Zha Maozhong). Jin Yong is not surnamed Jin, but surnamed Cha, whose real name is Cha Liangyong. "Jin Yong" is his pen name, which is divided into two by the character "Yong".
In February 1924, Jin Yong was born in Yuanhua Town, Haining County, Zhejiang Province. The Haining Cha family is one of the best families in the local area.
On the ancestral hall of the Cha family, a couplet was hung respectfully: "Since the Tang and Song dynasties, there are several families in the south of the Yangtze River. This is a couplet written by Emperor Kangxi for the imperial book of the Cha family. Next to the Kangxi Imperial Book, there is a record of the Cha family's meritorious list, which records dozens of Cha clansmen who have made meritorious contributions in various dynasties and generations, among which it is not uncommon for officials to reach Hanlin. In the Kangxi Dynasty, there were two, one was Kangxi's attendant minister Cha Sheng, the other was the editor of the Hanlin Academy and the famous poet Cha Shenxing; At that time, the Cha family was called "a family of seven jinshi, uncles and nephews five Hanlin".
Jin Yong's grandfather Cha Wenqing was admitted to the Jinshi in 1886, and was once in Danyang, Jiangsu, as the magistrate of the county, and later because of his political achievements, he was the last Jinshi of the Haining Cha family. In addition to Zha Shuxun, he also has two sons and two daughters, and it is a big family. Born in 1897, Cha Shuxun was ranked third. His eldest brother is a Xiucai of the Qing Dynasty, and his second brother is a top student of the Peking University Literature Department.
Cha Wenqing was dismissed from his post because of the Danyang teaching case and returned to his hometown to live idlely. After some changes, by the time Jin Yong's father's generation arrived, the Cha family had declined. But the emaciated camel was bigger than the horse, and after Cha Wenqing's death, he left behind some family homes and fields. By the year Jin Yong was born, the Cha family still had more than 3,600 acres of land and more than 100 tenant farmers. Zha Shuxun is a graduate of Aurora University, one of China's three major religious universities, with a Western-style education, relatively enlightened, and belongs to the "mixed Chinese and Western" characters of the transitional era. He no longer adhered to the tradition of his ancestors and went into business.
After graduating from university at the age of 22, he began to run the Da Lai Qian Zhuang in Haining. During the Anti-Japanese War, Diners Club's money village was destroyed by artillery fire, which made him disheartened and had no intention of doing business again. It was not until his later years that he regrouped and once again ran the Chajia Money Village-Yizhuang.
02. Zha Shuxun Zhouji clan relatives and set up education
Every autumn harvest, Zha Shuxun reduces or waives rent for tenant farmers depending on whether the year is good or bad. He also took out a sum of money from Yizhuang to build Longtouge Primary School, which was a branch of Longshan School, and the children were enrolled for free. Yang Deju, the son of a poor Xiucai in Jinzhuzhuang in this town, was admitted to Aurora University, and the poor Xiucai was so happy and sad that he died of a heart attack in excitement. After Cha Shuxun heard about it, he took the housekeeper to buy a good coffin, carved out a side from Cha's field in exchange for a cemetery, and buried Yang Xiucai on a certain day, and the expenses were paid from Yizhuang. A few days later, he asked Yang Deju to give him a sum of money as his tuition.
In 1914, Zha Shuxun married 19-year-old Xu Lu, the cousin of the great poet Xu Zhimo, that is, Xu Lu was the cousin of Xu Zhimo's father, Xu Shenru. Xu Lu has studied in a private school, and is not only knowledgeable and reasonable, but also open-minded and democratic. In her spare time, she always keeps her hands on the papers, studying and playing, and reading books has become her pleasant pastime. Zha Shuxun and Xu Lu have a very strong relationship, and have given birth to five sons and two daughters (namely Liangkeng, Liangyong, Lianghao, Liangdong, Liangyu five sons, Liangxiu, Liangxuan two daughters), Jin Yong is the second.
In 1937, the Japanese army invaded Jiangnan, his hometown was bombed, Zha Shuxun and his family fled, and Xu Lu died of acute dysentery. At that time, 13-year-old Jin Yong was still studying in Jiaxing.
Jin Yong's stepmother's name is Gu Xiuying. When she was 11 years old, Gu Xiuying was escorted to the Cha family as a maid, and at first served Jin Yong's grandmother. In 1940, 3 years after Xu Lu died of illness, Zha Shuxun remarried, and Gu Xiuying, who was 17 years younger than him, became his new wife, and successively gave birth to four sons, Liangcheng, Liangnan, Liangbin, Lianggen and two daughters, Liangqi and Liangmin.
Gu Xiuying is a good wife and mother, she is cautious and humble to her husband, and there is no difference between intimacy and alienation between the front room and her own children, and she gives the same maternal love.
In 1958, when there was no food and no firewood, she sold the two old houses she lived in to make ends meet, but she was falsely accused of "the landlord's wife wants to counterattack and calculate", and was severely beaten for three days and three nights. When she returned home, she said to her children: "I can endure any hardship, I just hope to raise you, have a book, and be worthy of your father, who died young." Gu Xiuying died in 1989 at the age of 77.
Cha Shuxun is quite fond of Jin Yong and has high hopes for him. One Christmas, he gave Jin Yong a copy of Charles Dickens's book "A Christmas Carol" as a Christmas present. This book is the story of a ruthless miser. On Christmas night, Scrooge Scrooge meets the ghost of a deceased man he had partnered with, and the ghost tells him that three Christmas elves will take him on a journey, and then begins to tell the story of his three travels. This story deeply attracted little Jin Yong, and until he became an adult, he took the book with him and took it out every Christmas Eve to read a few pages.
Zha Shuxun was very worried when he saw that his son was reading books all day long, did not like sports games, and had a weak physique, so he often took him to the wild, took him to fly kites, and ride bicycles. But Jin Yong was not interested in these things, just perfunctory. In desperation, Cha Shuxun thought of his sister Zha Yufang, who loved sword dancing, so he handed Jin Yong over to her for discipline. Zha Yufang often gathers with women from all over the world, Jin Yong is familiar with it, and he also likes martial arts novels. In the many martial arts novels he wrote later, many of the sword-style names displayed by the many heroines were told by his aunt and her chivalrous friends.
03, Deng Xiaoping met with Jin Yong and apologized to Jin Yong and said: Unite and look forward!
In fact, "anti-grain" is a fallacy. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the people's government levied public grain, because the grain was in the hands of the tenant farmers, and the tenant farmers themselves paid it, so the grain paid by Cha Shuxun's family was less. As for "harboring bandits", it refers to Gu Xiuying's younger brother (a remnant bandit in the mountainous area of southern Zhejiang) who hid in his house for a few days. "Attempting to kill a cadre" refers to the trumped-up charge that the pistol incurred.
Many years later, Jin Yong's eldest sister Zha Liangxiu told the truth about the pistol: her stepmother, Gu Xiuying's younger brother, secretly hid a pistol in the granary in the backyard of her sister's house on the eve of the founding of New China in 1949. Zha Shuxun and his wife didn't know about this, and they had never seen it at all. Unexpectedly, Gu Xiuying's younger brother leaked the matter to his colleagues.
On April 26, 1951, Zha Shuxun was pulled out of prison, and after comparing his name and photo, he did not change his clothes, did not enjoy wine and food, and threw himself into a torture car, that is, he drove to the playground of Longtouge Primary School run by Zha Shuxun in Yuanhua Town. After arriving at the playground, a group of 4 people was immediately shot. Jin Yong's stepmother only learned the news afterwards, and forced her tears to collect the body, only to see her husband's corpse on the ridge next to the playground, with a pool of blood under his body. The wives and children brought the body home and buried it overnight, not daring to leave a grave.
Gu Xiuying firmly believes that her husband is innocent, and in the more than 30 years since her husband's death, she has appealed in many ways and campaigned for his rehabilitation.
On July 18, 1981, Comrade Deng Xiaoping met with Jin Yong, apologized to Jin Yong, and said with a smile: "Unite and look forward!" Jin Yong nodded and said: "People can't be resurrected when they enter the Yellow Spring, forget it!"
After Deng Xiaoping met with Jin Yong, the Haining County Party Committee and the county government of Zhejiang Province, the United Front Work Department of the Jiaxing Municipal Party Committee, and the Municipal Overseas Chinese Affairs Office jointly organized an investigation team to review the case of Zha Shuxun, Jin Yong's father, and found that it was a wrongful and unjust case.
On July 23, 1985, the Haining County People's Court issued a "Criminal Verdict" on Zha Shuxun's heavy sentence: "The original judgment found that Zha Shuxun resisted grain and refused to pay grain after liberation, harbored soldiers and bandits, attempted to kill cadres, and spread rumors and sabotage, all of which were untrue. As for the section on concealment of firearms, there is a big discrepancy between the circumstances and the determination of the original judgment. This court held that the facts of Zha Shuxun's crime of unlawful landlord found in the original judgment could not be established, and that the death sentence to death was wrongful homicide. After discussion by the adjudication committee of this court, the verdict is as follows: The criminal judgment No. 134 of the Haining County People's Court of April 26, 1951 is revoked, and Zha Shuxun is acquitted. ”
Article references: "Jin Yong's Biography", "Anhui Daily", "Oriental Culture Weekly"