On April 26, 2024, the 18th page of the People's Daily published an article entitled "Grain Production and Quality Improvement in Action", which reported in depth the high-quality development of agriculture in mainland China.
People's Daily (2024-04-26 Edition 18)
Editor's note: General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during his inspection and investigation in Changde City, Hunan Province in March this year that "it is necessary to build high-standard farmland, implement moderate-scale operations, strengthen policy support and demonstration guidance, increase the promotion of improved seeds, good opportunities and good methods, and work intensive cultivation to further improve grain yield and quality."
At present, spring ploughing is in full swing, increasing yields in a large area, optimizing the quality of varieties, and making every effort to fight the first battle of grain production throughout the year. The reporter of this newspaper walked into the front line of spring ploughing, visited the new practices of ensuring national food security in various places, and touched the new pulse of high-quality agricultural development in the vast fields.
Empowerment of good laws, corn yield increase potential is great
In the field of Bayan Farm and Ranch Branch of Inner Mongolia Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Daxinganling Group, the spring ploughing map kicked off in the rumbling sound of agricultural machinery.
"This year, we plan to plant 700 acres of spring corn. Early in the morning, Li Hongliang, a large grain grower, drove a wheeled tractor with an agricultural mechanic and pulled an air-suction 18-row precision high-speed seeder to the field, and the agricultural truck pulled corn seeds and fertilizer to the field. Li Hongliang and the villagers filled the seeds into the planter and began to sow seeds in a precise amount.
"The seeder is equipped with Beidou navigation, and the seeding quality is proper!" Li Hongliang spoke, and the seeder had already gone away. Subsequently, another high-horsepower tractor was equipped with a ballast, and the suppression operation was carried out immediately afterwards.
This year, Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group has focused its grain production on a large area to increase yields. To create high corn yields, good practices are key. The Group continuously optimizes agronomic measures and promotes the application of six measures: "rapid land preparation, introduction of improved seeds, grabbing agricultural time, strong demonstration, technology improvement, and strict supervision" to increase corn yield.
"Last year, Bayan Farm was selected as a corn yield improvement farm, planting 40,000 mu of corn, with an average yield of 1157.8 catties per mu, a year-on-year increase of 15%. Kong Xiangjun, head of Bayan Ranch Science and Technology Demonstration Park, said that this year the park will continue to undertake the task of increasing yield, and the total area of corn planting will reach 53,800 mu, and it is expected that the "park + field" will be planted 3,000 mu and 23 varieties will be tested.
"We are located in the hilly area where the Nenjiang Plain and the Daxing'an Mountains meet, with high latitude and low accumulated temperature, and the production capacity of spring maize plants is weak, mainly relying on the group to increase yield. Li Hongliang said that in order to plant corn well, since the harvest last autumn, he has successively visited the science and technology park many times, learning seed selection in the laboratory and asking agricultural technology in the field. The hard work paid off, and a set of good methods for corn planting -- the cultivation model of "planting in two rows on a large ridge and a high platform ridge" gave Li Hongliang the greatest confidence to expand corn planting this year.
"The two-row cultivation mode on the ridge is based on soil properties, climatic characteristics, crop growth characteristics, combined with large-scale land preparation, sowing, plant protection and other mechanical research and exploration and summary, so that the traditional corn planting 'grafted' new technology. Li Hongliang said that the model can not only realize ridge subsoiling, layered fertilization, precision sowing, but also increase the number of plants per unit area, and solve the problems of low fertilizer utilization, low temperature and low irradiation, and pest control.
The reporter interviewed and found that the local farmers carried out shaping and compaction on the ridge platform in the ridge forming process to ensure soil moisture, and the seedbed was on a plane to ensure that the sowing depth was consistent, and the seedlings were all right, the seedlings were strong, and the seedlings were uniform. "The two-row cultivation mode on the ridge makes more reasonable use of soil space, the distribution of corn plants is more uniform, and the effect of increasing yield is achieved through reasonable dense planting, which is very popular with the villagers. Si Hantao, senior agronomist and director of the group's agriculture and animal husbandry science and technology department, said.
At present, spring plowing and spring sowing are busy, and many growers in the surrounding areas have come to Bayan Ranch Science and Technology Demonstration Park to visit and learn. "Before sowing, the germination test must be done, the germination rate is more than 95% before sowing, the sowing depth should be determined according to the soil moisture, and the moisture should be shallow ······." Kong Xiangjun carefully explained the essentials to the growers who came to visit. He introduced that last year, the machine harvest grain corn variety "Hayu 1001" promoted in the park has high yield and good efficiency, and the promotion area will reach 100,000 mu in the surrounding areas this year.
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Last year, the sown area of corn in mainland China was 663 million mu, with a total output of 577.68 billion jin and an average yield of 435.5 kg per mu.
There is still a lot of potential for corn yields. In terms of scientific and technological support, it is necessary to strengthen the selection of corn dense planting with high yield and stable yield, integrate and promote green high-yield and high-efficiency technologies such as corn dense planting and precision sowing, water and fertilizer integration, pest and disease control, stress resistance and disaster reduction, and machine harvest and loss reduction, and continuously improve the implementation rate of key technologies. In terms of production services, different producing areas should carry out various forms of "field classroom" training in the key growth period of corn through the effective connection of different systems such as scientific research, promotion and training, so as to expand the coverage and influence of advanced technology.
Source: People's Daily
Editor-in-Chief: Qi Yue Editor: Ma Haiwen Supervisor: Hou Yuefeng Producer: Chen Yuhang Director: Su De Statement: Please indicate the source of the WeChat public account of "Hulunbuir Release" for reprinting