Classification of heat-resistant steels and heat-resistant alloys in die steels
1) Pearlite or ferrite – pearlitic heat-resistant steel. This kind of steel is generally used after high-temperature normalizing and tempering. Its structure belongs to sub-eutectic steel, with ferrite L carbide, and its total alloying element content is generally less than 5%. Due to the low content of oxidation resistant alloying elements, the working temperature of this type of steel is between 350~620°C, and it is often used as a heat-resistant part of boilers and gas turbines.
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2) Martensitic heat-resistant steel. Generally, this kind of steel is used after quenching and tempering at high temperature. Some of these steels are developed on the basis of LCR13 martensitic stainless steel, which is tempered martensite in its service state, and is mainly used as gas turbine blades. The other part uses martensitic heat-resistant steel as the valve steel, and the service state is tempered solitenite O.
3) Ferritic heat-resistant steel. It is an anti-oxidation steel, which is made of high-chromium steel plus silicon, aluminum and other elements.
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4) Austenitic heat-resistant steel. It is developed on the basis of austenitic stainless steel and can be used in the range of 600~810°C. As an oxidation-resistant steel, it can work to about 1200°C. According to the different strengthening methods, it can be divided into solution-strengthened simple austenitic heat-resistant steel, carbide precipitation hardened austenitic steel, intermetallic compound precipitation hardened austenitic steel, etc. Austenitic heat-resistant steels can be used as high-temperature materials such as heat-resistant parts for gas turbines, aero engines, and industrial furnaces.
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Depending on the properties and uses, the heat-resistant steels in die steels can be divided into three categories:
1) Oxidation resistant steel. It should have the ability to resist high-temperature gas corrosion (mainly oxidation resistance).
2) Thermally strong steel. It should have good thermal stability and a certain high temperature strength.
3) Valve steel. It is a steel widely used in power equipment, and it should have the above-mentioned high-temperature properties in the West.