Zhang Xueliang was born on June 3, 1901 and died on October 14, 2001, at the age of 101.
In his later years, he hired the historian Tang Degang to make an oral history, although some people commented on the merits and demerits, but he told it frankly, and finally made up for many regrets. The book was published on the mainland, and it comes with a CD in which the Anshan dialect of Liaoning Province is thick, and Zhang Xueliang started from his childhood and talked about the absurdity of the four princes; no matter what he said, the three eastern provinces were too shameless and his sins were unforgivable; and the Xi'an incident happened too suddenly, and he did not regret it. In the book, he says, "My business is that when I am 36 years old, there will be no more." From the age of 21 to 36, this was my life. ”
Zhang Xueliang's nickname is Double Happiness and Little Sixth Son, his childhood life was turbulent, because his mother had no milk, he was fed by sorghum rice soup in the carriage, but he not only survived, but his health was also very good. When he was six years old, Zhang Zuolin invited Cui Junsheng, a Tai'an juren, to enlighten him, and later came to Mukden and invited several famous teachers, including English teachers. Zhang Xueliang's mother died when he was 11 years old, and his father was very strict and busy, so his teenage life was very lacking in love.
When Zhang Xueliang was 15 years old, Zhang Zuolin told him that his mother left tens of thousands of yuan, all of which were in his sister's hands, but he said that he was not rare, "Even your money, I didn't look at it." Later, my sister wrote a letter to complain, Zhang Dashuai was very angry, but Xiao Liuzi said: "She is a daughter who will marry sooner or later, and she will not be a member of our old Zhang family in a few years;
When he was 16 years old, Zhang Xueliang went to serve in the army, and later, at the instigation of Zhang Zuoxiang, he wanted to go to the military academy. Young people are afraid of agitation, Zhang Xueliang immediately became popular, and finally the father and son agreed: If Zhang Xueliang graduated with excellent grades, he would be the head of the regiment directly. During his studies, he became acquainted with Guo Songling, a tactical instructor, and became a close friend because of the like-minded smell.
In 1920, Zhang Xueliang graduated with the first place in the artillery section and served as the commander of the Guards Brigade, responsible for defending Zhang Zuolin and maintaining law and order in Mukden. In the first Zhifeng War in 1922, only the Third Brigade commanded by Zhang Xueliang and the Eighth Mixed Brigade commanded by Guo Songling remained undefeated and fought a beautiful battle to defend Shanhaiguan.
In the second Zhifeng War in 1924, Zhang Xueliang led the Third Army to completely defeat Wu Peifu and take full control of the Beijing government.
Zhang Xueliang relied on his father, he was experienced in a hundred battles at a young age, and he always looked down on Wu Peifu, saying that Wu would only talk on paper.
At the same time, in the face of warlords from all walks of life fighting today and tomorrow and continuing to turn their faces the day after tomorrow, he is very conflicted in his heart: those who die in battle are often the best, and the remaining incompetent people are asking for merit and rewards. "There are so many dead that there is no point in civil war," he said. As a result, he prefers to anesthetize himself in the bright lights and smoke.
There is a theory that the colder the place, the more men are able to drink and be lustful. Zhang Xueliang is no exception. The ancestor of the Zhang family was surnamed Li, and it was the child of the Li family who passed to the Zhang family and was surnamed Zhang. But by the time Zhang Xueliang's generation arrived, the original Li family had no descendants. When he was very young, Zhang Xueliang discussed with his father and expressed his willingness to return to the Li family to avoid the Li family being broken. In fact, his mind is very simple, according to the local rules, if a man succeeds to another family, he can marry another wife. This is the eldest son of the Zhang family, he can marry a wife, if he goes back to the Li family, he can marry another wife and have two daughters-in-law, how good it would be!
Zhang Xueliang is like a fish in water in Beiping, no matter which version of the four princes is, he is the most powerful one. He admits that he has 11 girlfriends, and most of them are married women, and the husbands of the other party, even if they are virtuous, have a tacit attitude, and the stories in the memoirs are really funny. Once, Zhang Zuolin was drinking with his son, and suddenly admonished: "You kid! When I don't know, I hang out with women all day long." I'm telling you, it's okay to play with women, but don't be played by women. ”
After the Huanggutun incident, Zhang Xueliang naturally took over the Northeast Military Government, and at this time he was addicted to drugs, excessive amorousness, and had a sense of boredom with the war, so his willpower was greatly reduced, and his suspicion was also very serious. He made a very terrible mistake, that is, he listened to the villain's words and suddenly killed his right-hand men Yang Yuting and Chang Yinhuai, which was even more destructive than Guo Songling's rebellion.
The evidence of Yang Yuting's rebellion is that he purchased 30,000 new rifles. In the September 18 Incident, not only were these weapons that were originally intended to resist Japan left to the Japanese intact, but also more than 300 airplanes, more than 300 artillery pieces of various kinds, 5,864 light and heavy machine guns, 150,000 rifles, 60,000 pistols, the largest military factory in Asia, and the people of Northeast China between the white mountains and black waters. The Northeast Army, which was armed to the teeth by more than 100,000 troops, did not resist and gave up the Northeast in the face of more than 10,000 Japanese troops, which was the most shameful event in the history of the Republic of China.
The cunning Japanese took Pu Yi from the Tianjin Concession and soon established the puppet state of Manchukuo, breaking the idea of the return of the Northeast Army. Although Zhang Xueliang made up his mind to quit drug addiction, the pain in his heart could not be eliminated by death. This seed took root, sprouted, and blossomed, and it was not until it was instructed by Zhou Enlai and Lin Biao with their tongues and fists that it bore a big fruit: the Xi'an Incident.
On December 12, 1936, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched a military admonition, killing hundreds of Chiang Kai-shek's staff and guards, almost triggering a new civil war. At this juncture, Zhang Xueliang was speechless in the face of Song Meiling, who had pursued several times, and as a gesture of heart, he boarded the plane with Chiang Kai-shek and his wife to Nanjing at the last moment.
No one would have thought that Zhang Xueliang would not be released and killed after 54 years of house arrest. For a long time, Zhang Xueliang, accompanied by Miss Zhao Si, tried his best to enrich his life: studying the history of the Ming Dynasty and reading the Bible hard. Chang later went to Taiwan, and in his later years settled in Hawaii, where he embraced Christianity, lamenting that his religious beliefs helped him overcome depression.
After the Xi'an Incident, Sun Mingjiu, the hero of Chiang, shot and killed the army commander Wang Yizhe, completely burying the last warlord army, the Feng army. After that, most of the officers and soldiers in the Northeast followed the Nanjing government and went to various anti-Japanese battlefields, but the battalion commander Sun became a traitor and served as the deputy commander of the puppet security in Shandong. I wonder what his old idea son will feel after hearing this?