Now that the rain is over, it is time to plant sweet potatoes in the spring! Many farmers are waiting for the rain to plant sweet potato seedlings. Agricultural technology small basket reminds everyone: look at the weather forecast for the next 1-2 weeks, if the weather has not rained for a period of time in the future, don't wait for it all the time, water some water in advance and plant the sweet potatoes quickly, you plant one day earlier, the sweet potatoes can grow one more day, and finally the sweet potatoes can bear bigger and higher yields!
Sweet potato is a type of crop with low price but great yield, the income of our farmers planting sweet potato, one depends on whether the seedlings grow well in the early stage after sweet potato seedlings are planted, and the second is to see whether the number of sweet potato nuggets in the middle stage is large, and the size of the potato nuggets in the later stage is not large. Only when the seedlings are planted skillfully and grow well, can the sweet potato seedlings be strong, bear more, and bear bigger! In this way, our farmer friends can have a good income from planting sweet potatoes! And many of our farmers often ignore the technical points of many sweet potato harvesting seedlings and sweet potato transplanting seedlings when planting sweet potatoes every year, which directly affects the early growth and later yield of their sweet potatoes.
Today's article on agricultural technology will tell you a few tips that you need to pay attention to when planting sweet potatoes and seedlings.
1. How to harvest high-quality sweet potato seedlings correctly?
This point is mainly for your own sowing seedlings, cutting seedlings, picking seedlings, planting and planting sweet potatoes to explain, if you are directly buying finished sweet potato seedlings to plant, then you can skip this part and go directly to the following content.
(1) Wait until the seedlings germinated on the sweet potato tuber grow to 20-30 cm when you can start cutting seedlings at any time, if the seedlings are high in 10-15 cm below the weak young seedlings (not up to the standard of cutting seedlings), you should keep them first, and then cut the seedlings after a few days of growing taller and grown, if the seedling height reaches more than 30 cm, you should quickly cut the seedlings, otherwise it will lead to the sweet potato seedlings growing on the seedbed is very crowded, not only easy to breed pathogens and pests, but also affect the germination and growth of the second stubble seedlings - Under normal circumstances, we can continuously germinate many seedlings (ranging from a few to a dozen) on the potato seed blocks sown in the field, and our farmers can continuously harvest sweet potato seedlings (subsequent new seedlings can be cut and harvested once every 20-30 cm), and the sweet potato seedlings can be planted several times in a row.
(2) When cutting sweet potato seedlings, sharp scissors should be prepared to cut the seedlings from the root (it is strictly forbidden to pull the seedlings directly by hand, which is easy to damage the root system of the potato tuber and affect the growth of new seedlings), and use alcohol at any time during the seedling cutting process. Potassium permanganate and other scissors do a good job of disinfection and sterilization, when cutting seedlings, 1-2 stem nodes should be kept at the root of sweet potato seedlings (the purpose is to promote rapid germination of the next stubble of seedlings), it is strictly forbidden to cut seedlings close to the ground (cut seedlings at 2-3 cm above the ground), if the sweet potato you plant belongs to the varieties with weak disease resistance, then you can keep 2-3 stem nodes at the root of sweet potato seedlings or 3-5 cm from the ground to cut seedlings, high cutting seedlings can reduce the risk of bacterial infection at the wound of the seedlings, and avoid diseases after sweet potato planting。
(3) When cutting sweet potato seedlings, you should try to cut and harvest seedlings in the morning, only cut large seedlings and strong seedlings each time, do not cut weak seedlings and young seedlings (cut seedlings to divide strong and weak and size), how many seedlings are planned to be planted on the same day, how many seedlings are cut on the same day, and the seedlings that can not be cut today are not used up and then planted tomorrow (when cutting seedlings, they should be planted with cutting).
(4) When harvesting sweet potato seedlings, try to take the seedling harvesting method of cutting seedlings at a high level, and do not use the method of pulling out seedlings with roots, because the method of pulling out seedlings with roots is only suitable for rapid propagation of sweet potato seedlings, and is not suitable for direct planting in the field.
(5) When cutting sweet potato seedlings, after harvesting the seedlings each time, it is necessary to apply high-nitrogen fertilizer (or nitrogen-containing and phosphorus-containing fertilizer) in combination with watering, or spray it with urea water + potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 5-7 days, so that the potato pieces can germinate faster and grow new seedlings with the next stubble.
2. How to deal with sweet potato seedlings before planting?
(1) The length of sweet potato seedlings of about 20-25 cm (the shortest should not be less than 10 cm, and the longest should not exceed 30 cm) is the most suitable length of sweet potato seedlings for transplanting. If you harvest sweet potato seedlings from the ground that are more than 30 cm long, you should use scissors to cut them to a reasonable seedling length of about 20-25 cm before planting.
(2) After picking seedlings and before transplanting and planting, the bottom 5-6 cm part of the seedling should be put into the thin mud and dipped (to avoid the dehydration and wilting of the base of the seedling affecting the survival rate of the seedling), or the bottom 5-6 cm part of the bottom of the seedling should be put into the dilution containing fungicides and insecticides (such as carbendazim, methyl butozine, phosphine, etc.) or the dilution containing microbial agents (such as Trichoderma harcis, Bacillus subtilis, Metarhizium aeruginosa, Bacillus thuringiensis, etc.) soaked for 5-10 minutes (can effectively reduce the incidence of pests and diseases at the seedling stage after sweet potato transplanting), and then transfer the sweet potato seedlings soaked in mud or liquid medicine to a cool place for temporary storage.
3. How deep are sweet potato seedlings planted to achieve high yield?
(1) When planting seedlings with sweet potatoes, there has always been a saying that "planting shallow is not planting deep", the depth of general seedlings into the soil is mastered at 5-8 cm is the most conducive to the later yield of sweet potato, which is deep and fertile, the depth of transplanting seedlings in areas with sufficient rain is generally mastered at 4-6 cm (suitable for shallow planting), and the depth of transplanting seedlings in areas with shallow and poor soil and dry climate and little rain is generally mastered at 6-8 centimeters (suitable for deep planting).
(2) Note: When planting sweet potato seedlings, the shallowest should not be less than 3-4 cm, and the deepest should not exceed 8-10 cm, and when planting seedlings, we should remember two principles: "straight planting should be deep, lying planting should be shallow", "sand should be deep, clay should be shallow". If the sweet potato is planted too deeply, then the sweet potato will reduce the number of potatoes due to excessive root growth, and if the sweet potato is planted too shallowly, the sweet potato will become less resistant to drought and the size of the tuber will be generally smaller.
4. Which land grows sweet potatoes with higher yields?
(1) As the saying goes: Gu Xiling, rice Xiwa, sweet potato likes the highland sand. Therefore, the agricultural technology basket reminds everyone: although most of the land is suitable for planting sweet potatoes, if you want your sweet potatoes to get the best growth and yield after planting, then you try to choose a piece of relatively high terrain, Sweet potatoes are planted in sandy loam soil with a relatively thick soil layer (followed by ordinary loam) for high ridge planting, and then the soil moisture content is controlled at about 65% by reasonable watering in the early and late growth stages of sweet potato growth, and the soil moisture content is controlled at about 75% by reasonable watering during the whole potato expansion period after the sweet potato begins to produce potato pieces.
(2) As the saying goes: to have sweet potatoes to eat, the soil must be dug one foot (one foot is 33.3 cm). Therefore, before planting sweet potato seedlings, the planting site should be deeply cultivated and loosened by 30 cm in advance, and then planted on high ridges or flat ground (ridge planting is recommended), so that sweet potatoes can produce more and larger in the loose soil environment. It is recommended that the depth of ploughing should not be less than 25 cm when ploughing the land, and the height of the ridge of the sweet potato field should not be less than 30 cm (the yield of the plot with high ridge is higher than that of the mu with low ridge), otherwise it will affect the size and total yield of sweet potato in the later stage.
5. How to plant sweet potato seedlings to achieve high yield more easily?
(1) When planting sweet potato seedlings (taking sweet potato seedlings with a length of 20-25 cm as an example), no matter which seedling transplanting method is adopted (straight insertion, oblique insertion, inverted insertion), it is generally 4-5 stem nodes (counting from top to bottom) at the bottom of sweet potato seedlings buried under the soil, and 2-3 stem nodes at the top of sweet potato seedlings, 3-4 pieces are exposed above the ground, and at least the top 2 stem nodes and 3 leaves (top 2 leaves and 1 heart) should not be buried in the ground, so that the sweet potatoes grown by the seedling method can maintain a balance between the number of potatoes and the size of the tubers - not only can produce more tubers, but also allow each tuber to grow into a large size. If you feel that it is difficult to remember, you can plant a sweet potato seedling according to the ratio of "bury 3 and leave 2" seedling length.
When we plant sweet potato seedlings, if there are too few stem nodes buried underground, and too many stem nodes and leaves exposed on the ground, although the size of a single tuber produced by sweet potato in the later stage is relatively large, the sweet potato will be reduced because of the number of stem nodes of underground sweet potato, so the total number of potato nuggets that can be produced in the later stage of sweet potato will be reduced (less fruit, large size); In the later stage, a large number of potato nuggets can be produced, but because the sweet potato tubers are crowded and the competition for water and fertilizer is large, the problem of all potato nuggets is generally small (more knots and small sizes).
(2) There are three main methods commonly used in planting sweet potato seedlings - direct planting, oblique planting, flat planting/inverted planting.
A: Straight planting is to plant sweet potato seedlings upright into the soil, the seedling depth is about 8-10 cm, the stem node into the soil 2-3 sections, the ground dew 1-2 sections, this seedling method has good drought resistance, high seedling rate, large potato tuber length, the disadvantage is that the number of potatoes is small, suitable for the use of sweet potato planting land with arid climate and little rain, shallow soil layer, suitable for planting sweet potato seedlings with short, 4-5 stem nodes, and seedlings with a length of 10-15 cm.
B: oblique planting is to let the sweet potato seedlings and the ground at an angle of 45 degrees obliquely planted into the soil, the seedling depth is about 6-8 cm, the stem node into the soil 3-4 sections, the ground dew 2-3 sections, this seedling planting method drought resistance is better, the live seedling rate is higher, at the same time the number of potatoes is larger, the size of the tubers is larger, the disadvantage is that the upper potato pieces grow large, the lower potato pieces grow small, the uniformity of a single potato tree is not very good, suitable for most of the plots when planting sweet potatoes, suitable for planting 5-7 stem nodes, seedlings 20-25 cm long, Use medium length sweet potato seedlings.
C: flat planting is to let the sweet potato seedlings into the soil stem nodes all lie flat and plant into the soil, the seedling depth is about 4-6 cm, the stem node into the soil 5-6 knots, the ground dew 2-3 knots, this seedling method potato setting time early, the number of tubers is large, the potato size is relatively uniform, the disadvantage is that the drought resistance is relatively poor, the live seedling rate is not too high, the seedlings are easy to lack seedlings and broken ridges after planting, suitable for the use of sweet potato planting land with sufficient rain and deep soil, suitable for planting sweet potato seedlings with relatively long, 6-8 stem nodes, and 25-30 cm long sweet potato seedlings.
(3) When planting sweet potato seedlings, do not choose the time period when the weather is sunny and the sun is directly exposed to high temperature at noon, such weather and time period are easy to wilt after planting seedlings, and the survival rate is reduced. In the period after the high temperature, it is generally not recommended to transplant sweet potato seedlings in the morning on a sunny day, and it is not recommended to transplant sweet potato seedlings in the high temperature and strong light period around noon on a sunny day and when it is raining.
6. How to properly manage sweet potatoes just after planting seedlings?
(1) After the sweet potato seedlings are planted, they should be watered immediately with sufficient rooting water (planting water), and the seedlings should be watered flexibly according to the changes in soil dryness and wetness during the seedling slowing period to ensure that the soil moisture of the entire sweet potato seedlings is always stable at about 70-80% during the seedling slowing period - if the soil is too dry, it will affect the survival rate of the seedlings or cause the seedlings to grow short and sluggish, and the soil is too wet to easily lead to root diseases of the sweet potato seedlings. Wait until the planted sweet potato seedlings are completely slow down after the seedlings survive, until the sweet potato ridge begins to set potatoes, this stage of the general ground is not dry do not water, each watering 2-3 days after the shallow hoeing of the ground to loosen a pine hardened topsoil.
(B) sweet potato seedlings after planting, must be every 5-7 days to the ground to check the situation of live seedlings, for any time to find that the seedlings did not survive after planting and found that there is a lack of seedlings in the field and broken ridges, this suitable must be quickly transplanted and replanted, in case the seedlings are too late to bully the seedlings and affect the yield of the problem. Note: Wherever seedlings need to be replanted, healthy seedlings should be used to replant, and the best time for replanting is cloudy or evening.
(3) After the sweet potato seedlings are transplanted and planted, attention should be paid to strengthening the field weeding management at the seedling stage, on the one hand, the herbicide can be sprayed between the rows in time about 10 days after planting (after the seedlings are slowed), on the other hand, the sweet potato seedlings can be slowed down after the seedlings are survived to the sweet potato seedlings before the ridge sealing of the soil for 2-3 times (hoeing and loosening the soil 2 weeks after planting, and 1 time every 3-4 weeks) to prevent the vigorous growth of weeds from affecting the growth of sweet potato seedlings and potatoes.
(4) After the sweet potato is transplanted and planted, if the seedlings grow slowly and the seedlings are weak and weak 10-15 days after planting, at this time, 5-6 catties of urea per mu are applied to promote the growth of seedlings, and then 25-30 days after the sweet potato seedlings are planted, and then nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with calcium fertilizer are topdressed 1 time. If the sweet potato base fertilizer is used sufficiently, and the sweet potato seedling stage has been vigorous and excellent, then the sweet potato seedling stage can be replaced without additional top dressing.
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