Rose is a plant of the Rosaceae family, with high economic value and ornamental value, roses are gorgeous in color, pleasant in aroma, on the famous flavor raw materials, the value is very high, roses are ornamental flowers in the treasures, widely cultivated in China, favored by flower lovers, is one of the main flowers cultivated in the courtyard. With the increasing demand for healthy diet and natural foods, edible roses are gradually gaining popularity due to their unique nutritional value and medicinal effects. However, in order for these flowers to bloom at their best flavor and ensure a stable yield, it is necessary to carefully select the right growing environment, adopt the correct propagation method, and carry out scientific and rational water and fertilizer management and pest and disease prevention.
1. What environmental conditions are suitable for cultivating roses? Roses are drought tolerant, sunny, leeward, and permeable fertile sandy loam soil is suitable for cultivating roses, roses are afraid of water, and the plots that require the cultivation of roses should have low groundwater level and good drainage.
1. Soil: Edible roses generally do not have strict requirements for soil, but they grow better in neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam and loam soils with high organic matter content, fertile and loose and good drainage. The ideal soil should be a well-drained, organic-rich sandy loam or loam with a pH between 6 and 7 for optimal growth and flowering.
2. Light: Edible roses are positive flowers, like cool light, sufficient sunlight is essential for the growth of roses, adult plants need at least 6 hours of direct light a day to promote flowering.
3. Temperature: Rose is a temperate tree species, cold-resistant, warm and not extreme climate is the most conducive to the growth of roses; Most varieties tolerate mild winters but are resistant to hot summers. The suitable temperature for the growth of rose peanuts is 20-25 °C.
4. Moisture: Keeping it moderately moist is the key, avoiding root rot caused by stagnant water, and being careful not to let the soil dry out and cause the flowers to wilt. Roses should avoid low-lying and waterlogged land, and the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off and even the whole plant dies when waterlogged, so we must pay attention not to be waterlogged, and the soil can be kept neither too dry nor too wet.
2. Cultivation and management techniques of roses
1. Propagation method: The propagation of roses is very easy, and the propagation methods of roses include sowing (single-petaled ones can be sown and propagated with seeds, and the roses can be harvested after maturity in October, and they can be sown immediately or stored in sand until sowing in March of the next year, and they can be transplanted in autumn), dividing (dividing plants during the dormant period of roses), grafting and cuttings propagation, usually propagated by cuttings.
Sowing and propagation method: Harvest the rose fruit after it is ripe in October, and the harvested fruit needs to be picked after the pulp is rotten, or sown immediately, or use sand storage until the next March to sow the seeds, and then transplant in autumn.
Cuttings propagation: cut semi-lignified branches in June, cut into small sections of 10-15 cm, cuttings in pots or pots filled with plain sandy soil, cover the pot tightly with plastic film after watering enough, under the condition of 20-30 °C, about a month or so can take root, and transplant the cuttings after rooting.
Spread propagation: the adventitious buds of the roots of roses are very active, and there are more root tiller seedlings produced, generally 3-5 years old adult plants, each plant can produce 10-20 root tiller seedlings, and can be propagated in the dormant period.
2. Cultivation
Ground planting
Before cultivating roses, it is necessary to turn the soil deeply, apply sufficient basal fertilizer, and apply pig and cow manure-based decomposed organic fertilizer in the sandy soil. Apply horse manure in the heavy clay soil, dig a pit for planting, autumn, winter and early spring can be planted, plant 1.5-2 meters, more than 400 plants per mu are appropriate.
Pruning is carried out after leaf fall, mainly thinning diseased and insect branches, dead branches and overly dense and slender branches. For the remaining branches, cut off half of the strong branches and two-thirds of the weak branches, and after pruning, dig a circular furrow under the outer edge of the crown and apply well-rotted organic fertilizer. During the growth period, germination fertilizer is applied before germination, pregnant bud fertilizer is applied before flowering, and dew red fertilizer is applied when the flower buds are red. After each flower picking, a fast-acting fertilizer can be applied with decomposed human feces, or mixed fertilizer with 2 parts of calcium phosphate, 1 part of ammonium sulfate and 1 part of iron sulfate, 50 grams per plant, and 100 times diluted with water.
When the soil is dry, irrigation can be done without irrigation under normal circumstances, and basal fertilizer based on farmhouse fertilizer is applied before wintering, and an appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer such as calcium phosphate is added.
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Preparation of culture soil, there is a courtyard usually used ground planting, the city mainly uses potted plants, the cultivation of roses culture soil requires loose drainage and good water holding capacity, potted roses culture soil selection of compost 20-30%, garden soil 30-40%, plant ash 30% preparation.
For potting, it is better to use mud pots for potted roses, generally using pots with a diameter of more than 27 cm, usually potted in spring, autumn and during the dormant period of roses. Put broken tiles at the bottom of the pot, then fill in the culture soil, and then put the rose cuttings and rooting seedlings into the center of the planting pot upright, the root system should be stretched, fill the soil to half of the pot The rose plant will be gently lifted and shaken, compacted and cultivated soil, and the planting should not be too deep, and the rhizome and the pot mouth can be kept flat. The shallow affects the survival, and the deep affects the growth of roses after transplantation, and is watered once after planting. After cultivation, it is maintained in a shaded environment for a week, and then moved to a sunny place after the root system has recovered.
Water and fertilizer management, growth and development period, every 10-15 days to water fertilizer, 1-2 days in the drought, water once a day in hot summer and early autumn, before flowering to water properly, pay attention to pour out the water in the pot after rain. Especially in summer, when the lack of water supply can cause leaf loss, it is necessary to water in the morning and evening, and in autumn in the afternoon when the soil is dry. In winter, the rose plants are dormant, and watering should be controlled, and watering after flowering can be appropriately reduced, and the soil is too wet, which will cause leaf litter and root rot.
Pruning, pruning after falling leaves, the amount of pruning can be larger, to thinning diseased branches, dead branches, over-dense slender branches, for the remaining branches, cut off half of the strong branches, and cut off two-thirds of the weak branches.
Repotting, roses grow luxuriantly, and the root system can quickly fill the whole pot, so change the pot once every 1-2 years, and the repotting is carried out before the roses sprout in early spring, and the old roots can be cut off and replaced with new soil.
The maintenance environment of roses must be sunny and dry,
3. Pest control: The main common pests and diseases of roses are powdery mildew, scale insects, aphids and red spiders. If powdery mildew occurs, spray 3-4° stone sulfur mixture before budding in early spring. If aphids and scale insects occur, they can be sprayed with 1000-2000 times dimethoate. If red spider mites occur, spray 0.2-0.3° stone sulfur mixture.
4. Picking: Once the roses open, the fragrance will be lost, and the petals will fall off, so it is best to "smile" at the flowers, the petals are still overlapping and not open, and the stamens are not revealed.