With the arrival of the change of seasons
Respiratory tract infections
Once again, it has entered a period of high incidence
Fever, sore throat, cough
……
The culprit who led to these
It's a respiratory pathogen
In addition to the common influenza A, B and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
They also have a lot of "brothers".
As the saying goes
"Only by knowing oneself and knowing one's opponent can one win a hundred battles"
If you want to destroy the enemy, you should first understand the enemy
And who are their main forces!?
The causative agent of influenza
Clinically, influenza A and influenza B are more common. It is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, fatigue, body aches and mild respiratory symptoms, and can cause pneumonia, myocarditis, heart failure and even death in severe cases, seriously threatening human health.
adenovirus
The typical symptoms of respiratory tract infection are cough, nasal congestion and pharyngitis, accompanied by fever, chills, headache and muscle pain.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
The clinical manifestation is lung inflammation with intractable severe cough. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the important pathogens of pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections in childhood. It can cause tonsillitis, rhinitis, otitis media, tracheitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection in young children, and pneumonia in school-age children.
Pneumonia garment
Chlamydia pneumoniae is clinically easy to cause pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, bronchopneumonia, pneumonia, etc., and can induce acute attacks of bronchial asthma.
Enteroviruses
Coxsackievirus and echovirus are both enteroviruses. It is a common virus that infects the human body through the respiratory tract and digestive tract, usually after infection, it can cause lesions of multiple systems and tissues such as the central nervous system, skin and mucous membranes, and can also cause respiratory diseases: mainly febrile diseases, and its clinical symptoms are similar to influenza, manifested as sore throat, cough and rhinitis.
Human parainfluenza virus
Human parainfluenza viruses can cause recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (such as colds and sore throats) as well as severe recurrent lower respiratory tract illnesses (such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis), especially in older people and immunocompromised people.
Human respiratory syncytial virus
Respiratory syncytial virus infection is a serious respiratory infection in infants, a few can be accompanied by rash, through droplet respiratory tract infection, with wide spread, high infection rate, long duration of characteristics, mostly in winter and spring. The main manifestations are fever, runny nose, loss of appetite, accompanied by cough, vomiting, shortness of breath, etc.
Legionella pneumophila
Legionella pneumophila can be transmitted through the respiratory tract through water bodies that are in close contact with people, such as drinking water systems, air conditioning cooling water, shower head water, etc.
In the early stage of infection, general fatigue, muscle aches, headaches, etc. may occur, and the body temperature will gradually rise in about 48 hours, and it can be a high fever of 39~40 °C. Causes respiratory symptoms: such as cough, sputum, etc., mostly a small amount of sticky sputum, purulent sputum and bloody sputum can also be seen.
So why do these tests work?
Confronted with unknown pathogens
When symptomatic treatment is not possible
The effect is not obvious
So find out the pathogen and detect it
It's the foundation of everything.
Why sometimes doctors ask me to have my blood drawn
And sometimes I have to take a nasal/throat swab?
In fact, collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens
It is mainly used for antigen rapid detection or nucleic acid detection
This method is similar to finding the enemy's "deity"
Snap it straight to it and make it look like it's in its original form
And sometimes you have to have your blood drawn at the same time
The reason is that it can be found in the blood
Traces of our bodies and enemies having "battled".
For example, the changes in various cells in the blood routine are observed
Or find the "antibodies" that our body has produced
to determine which pathogen our body is infected with
Detection and identification of various respiratory pathogens
It is more helpful for clinicians to accurately diagnose and treat patients
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fengcheng Hospital
Testing for respiratory pathogens is carried out as follows
Ten antibody tests for respiratory pathogens
Items: Influenza A virus, influenza B virus, human paravirus, adenovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, human respiratory syncytial virus, coxsackie group B virus, echovirus, Legionella pneumophila.
Clinical significance: Respiratory pathogen profile IgM antibody testing can quickly identify or rule out the tested pathogen, especially if more than two pathogens are super-infected. It is helpful to improve the assessment and management of suspected patients, avoid aggravation of disease and spread of infection, and IgM antibodies appear on average about a week after the onset of the disease, generally lasting for 2~3 months, and can be used as a supplementary experiment for antigen detection.
Specimen type: blood
Report time: after 15:00 every Wednesday and Friday
Five combined rapid tests for the respiratory tract
Items: Influenza A virus, influenza B virus, adenovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, human respiratory syncytial virus.
Clinical significance: This project is characterized by a fast reporting time and is suitable for the initial screening of respiratory pathogen antigens in outpatient and emergency departments. A positive result indicates active inflammatory infection and is more suitable for early diagnosis. Similarly, due to the low sensitivity of antigen detection, a negative test result cannot rule out pathogenic infection, and it is necessary to combine clinical and choose nucleic acid detection with higher sensitivity if necessary.
Specimen type: nasal/throat swab
Report time: 1.5 hours after inspection
Nucleic acid detection of respiratory pathogens
Items: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, new coronavirus.
Clinical significance: The nucleic acid detection method has high sensitivity and specificity, is not affected by the application of antimicrobial drugs, has no immune window period, can identify pathogens at the earliest, and is suitable for nucleic acid screening of infectious pathogens such as viruses, with high accuracy and can identify pathogen infection.
Specimen type: nasal/throat swab
Report time: after 15:00 every Wednesday and Friday
Serologic testing for Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Item: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Antibody Rapid Test (IgM)
Specimen type: blood
Report time: 1.5 hours after sampling
Item: Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody test (titer)
Specimen type: blood
Report time: Monday to Friday after 15:00