A
HIV
CD4/CD8 ratio
For a comprehensive examination, you can't just look at the small four values, especially AIDS, which is a systemic immunodeficiency disease.
Of course, for a comprehensive examination, you can't just look at the small four values, especially AIDS, a systemic immunodeficiency disease, so let's talk about it today
CD8及CD4/CD8代表着什么？
CD3+ 淋巴细胞代表全T淋巴细胞，它包括辅助/诱导T淋巴细胞（CD3+CD4+）（病友们简称为CD4）
抑制/细胞毒T淋巴细胞（CD3+CD8+）（病友们简称为CD8）
CD3+CD4+/ CD3+CD8+ 代表 T辅助细胞/T抑制细胞的比值 （病友们简称为CD4/CD8比值）。
CD4 加 CD8 等于 CD3 +吗？
CD3+ should theoretically be approximately equal to the sum of CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells, but the sum of CD4+ plus CD8+ cells is often greater than CD3+, so it is inaccurate to use the values of CD4 and CD8 to derive the values of CD3, and vice versa. Let's simply remember that CD3 is approximately equal to, but necessarily less than, the sum of CD4 and CD8.
About CD4
T helper lymphocytes carry a large number of CD4 molecules, so they are called CD4 cells, or T4 cells for short.
Its role is that CD4 sends a message to the immune system to fight the virus and plays a pivotal role in the immune response.
CD4 itself does not kill viruses. The HIV virus is tropic to CD4 molecules, and cells with CD4 molecules become the target of its aggression.
These cells are mainly T4 and macrophages, in addition to mucous membranes, lymph node L cells, nerve cells, and dendritic cells, which also have CD4 molecules on their surfaces and are also vulnerable to attack.
What is the standard value of CD4?
The standard of normal value of CD4 cells is more than 420 in mainland China. However, the normal value range will vary in different countries, and even in different regions of the same country, there may be differences in its indicators, and the generally accepted range is 500~1500 per microliter of blood. The laboratory found that the average CD4 was about 750 in samples from young adults aged 20-40 in mainland China, but there were also healthy adults who only contained 350 or 400 CD4 cells per microliter of blood. As we age (eg, over 60 years of age), CD4 cells gradually decrease.
About CD8
T inhibitory lymphocytes are what we often call CD8 cells, referred to as T8 cells, and their role is to inhibit and fight viruses after receiving anti-virus information. CD4 and CD8 normal reference values in T lymphocyte subsets: CD3: 60-80%; CD4：35-55% ； CD8：20-30% ； CD4/CD8 ratio: 1.4 to 2.0
After the human body is infected with HIV, the immune system is damaged, which is mainly manifested by a decrease in the number of CD4 and a relative increase in the number of CD8, and the proportion is inverted (that is, the ratio is less than 1.0), indicating that the immunity has been damaged to a very severe degree. As the disease progresses, CD8 also begins to decline. Eventually, the T cells are almost gone. The CD4 to CD8 ratio is no longer significant.
Therefore, when you find that the percentage of primary four is raised, you should also see if the percentage of your CD4 has risen, and how much is it? If the percentage of primary four is less than 30%, it means that your CD4 accounts for all the lymphatic numbers in your body is still too low, and even if the value of primary four is high, it is still inflated, and you need to pay attention to your body.
What does the increase and decrease in the number of Primary 4 and 8 represent?
CD4 lymphopenia: seen in patients with malignancy, hereditary immunodeficiency disorders, AIDS, and immunosuppressive therapy. CD8 lymphocytosis: seen in autoimmune diseases such as SLE, chronic active hepatitis , tumors, and viral infections. Therefore, it is not a good thing to say that Hachi's height is too high, it means that you have too much virus in your body, and the body's immune system Hachi's body is increasing a lot to fight the virus, but unfortunately our immune system is not yet able to fight HIV.
CD4/CD8 比值异常？
The CD4/CD8 ratio is an indicator of immune regulation, and the normal value is about 1.4 to 2.0, and if the ratio is > 2.0 or < 1.4, it indicates cellular immune dysfunction.
CD4/CD8＜1. 4 常见于:
(1) The ratio of immunodeficiency diseases, such as AIDS, is often less than 0.5
(2) Malignant tumors
(3) Aplastic anemia, certain leukemias
(4) Certain viral infections, acute cytomegalovirus infection
When CD4/CD8> 2.0 is commonly seen in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes, etc.
With so much data, what should we look at?
Since HIV attacks the body's CD4 cells, CD4 counts can directly reflect the body's immune function and is the clearest indicator of immune system damage in HIV-infected patients.
However, the absolute count of CD4 cells usually fluctuates greatly with different physiological conditions, while the ratio of CD4 to CD8 is relatively stable.
When the CD4 T cell count is less than 200 and the CD4/CD8 ratio is less than 0.20, the opportunistic infections will increase significantly, and the probability of multiple opportunistic infections will also increase significantly with the progression of the disease.
Therefore, the ratio of Primary 4 to Primary 8 is very important, and friends who are less than 0.2 should pay more attention to other infections in their bodies.