What are the steps and processes that a credit bill needs to go through from generation to write-off? This article introduces the business process and functional design of a credit bill, I hope it will be helpful to you.
First, the overall structure of accounting
From the above figure, you can see that the repayment write-off is a necessary operation after the repayment plan is generated, and the repayment write-off is based on the repayment plan, and the write-off result affects the subsequent repayment plan update and ledger records.
2. What is the repayment write-off?
Repayment write-off is when a customer's repayment amount is directly offset against the outstanding loan principal or interest.
Payment methods include online payment and offline transfer.
Repayment circumstances include early repayment of the loan or overdue repayment:
- Early repayment: Customers can reduce the amount of interest and principal they need to pay in the future, and at the same time, banks or financial institutions can also recover part of the funds in a timely manner, reducing the risk of overdue.
- Overdue repayment: The platform will calculate the liquidated damages, generate bills, and link the relevant collection process.
The verification of online payment is relatively simple, docking with the payment system, and the flow and repayment plan can be verified 1-to-1.
However, in cross-border business, there are often offline transfers and repayment of bank bills, how to check and write off the bills, and how do financial platforms do accounts?
Before a new business is systematized, how does it interact with customers and repay after the loan?
In the non-online payment scenario, where one customer pays together based on multiple bills, that is, one customer pays multiple bills based on one bill, and one customer pays on behalf of multiple customers.
3. Business process
1. Make a bill
In the credit business, common bills include monthly bills, flexible interest rate bills, maturity bills, and liquidated damages bills.
- Monthly bills: Refers to bills issued on a fixed date each month, usually such as credit cards, Huabei, and mortgages. This kind of bill will list the fees that need to be paid in the current month and the due date, such as Huabei generates a bill on the 1st of each month and requires repayment before the 10th.
- Flexible interest rate bill: refers to the bill that is based on the actual usage, such as the bill that needs to be refunded in the month when the interest is paid off and the financing is settled. This kind of bill matching is more flexible and changeable.
- Maturity bill: refers to the bill generated due to the contract change due to the maturity date adjustment when the maturity date of financing is adjusted, if the original maturity date of 2.1 is extended to 6.1, and the interest is collected first at the end of the month, then the interest of 2.1 months will be collected first and will be calculated to the maturity date bill.
- Liquidated Damages Bill: Refers to additional costs incurred due to non-payment on time or breach of contract terms. For example, late payments can result in a penalty bill for your credit card. Note that the maximum amount of liquidated damages and interest cannot exceed 24% or 4 times the LPR (subject to the 2020 revision of the law).
The basic information of each bill generally includes: the receiving account number, the bill amount, the interest calculation range, the number of interest calculation days, the interest calculation base, the rate, the payment deadline, and the fee amount.
2. Split and push customer bills
After the bill is generated, it is generally split and pushed according to the customer, and each customer can receive and query their own current bills.
3. Payments from customers
Customer payments are generally divided into online payment, offline payment and other methods.
However, in cross-border business, there are often offline transfers, repayment of bank bills, and non-online payments, where one customer pays together based on multiple bills and pays one bill, one customer pays multiple bills based on one bill, and one customer pays on behalf of multiple customers.
4. Bill matching turnover
Based on non-online payment scenarios, it is necessary to match bills and flows, which are divided into several scenarios:
- 1 bill corresponds to 1 turnover, the customer receives 1 bill, and makes a payment based on a bill, matching the bill amount and customer name.
- Multiple bills correspond to 1 turnover, and the customer receives multiple bills and directly merges the payment, in this case, the matching conditions need to be adjusted, and the bills are combined according to the customer, and then the matching flow.
- In the customer payment scenario, one customer makes a transaction instead of multiple customers to pay, which is relatively rare, generally after the above matching rules cannot be matched, the remaining data is matched, and 2-3 bills are matched with one flow.
The matching rules are as follows:
Transaction account name = Bill customer name - Name of the billing entity = Name of the charging entity - Transaction time is in the middle of the push time - Payment deadline - Sum of multiple transactions = Bill summary amount (If the statement cannot be matched, one statement will be used to match multiple bills)
5. Bill Match Repayment Plan
After the bill is matched with the upper stream, it is necessary to further match the repayment plan, generally matching the customer name, charging entity, loan flow number, and fee item, to ensure that the current customer borrows money and the current charging entity collects the payment, and the loan flow number and fee item corresponding to the collection can be accurate.
The statement and payment plan matching rules are as follows:
- Statement Customer Name = Payment Plan Customer Name
- Billing entity = Billing plan billing entity
- Same loan number and same expense items
6. Pre-write-off of repayment plan
After matching the conditions, you need to do the corresponding bill write-off, use the turnover amount matched with the bill, and write off the corresponding repayment plan.
At this time, there is a scenario involved, what should I do if the repayment plan and the turnover amount are inconsistent?
(1) What scenarios will the above occur?
After the bill is sent, the backend updates the quotation adjustment, fee waiver and other post-loan adjustments, which will affect the repayment of the repayment plan, which may lead to a decrease in the repayment amount, resulting in the invoice amount sent to the customer on the same day is 100, the next day the repayment plan is updated to 80, and the customer pays 100 based on the bill on the third day.
In this scenario, from a financial point of view, the 100 turnover received is an advance receipt, which needs to be recorded in the corresponding loan number and expenses (different enterprises have different management needs), so it needs to be pre-written based on the 100 yuan bill.
(2) Write-off rules
It will be written off in the order of the due date, and the late flow will be written off first.
Fourth, the table structure
5. Functional design
1. Billing details
All billing information on the management platform:
2. Customer Billing
For example, based on the bill details, all ungenerated bills are generated according to customer maintenance to obtain customer bills.
- Query: You can query related bills by customer and export bill details
- Push: Bills can be pushed to customers online, and customers can query the bill details now
- Void: Voids statements
3. Bill pre-write-off
After the customer bill is pushed, the customer makes the payment, and the system obtains the flow for pre-verification.
The list is displayed in the dimensions of bill + billing entity, and is matched and pre-written off according to matching flow and matching repayment plan rules.
For bills that are not automatically matched, you can manually associate them with the statement, and the system will automatically trigger the matching repayment plan for pre-verification after the association.
After the pre-write-off is successful, you can preview the result and manually confirm the write-off.
4. Write-off preview
You can preview the repayment plan verification result and click Confirm to confirm the verification result.
5. Pre-write-off details
You can query the details of the pre-verification and check the specific matching relationships of repayment plans, bills, and transaction records.
6. Frequently Asked Questions
What should I do if the bill is due to be repaid for 100 yuan, and the customer has a reduction or quotation adjustment during the payment period, resulting in the repayment plan repayment amount of 80?
The customer makes a payment based on the bill, and the actual receipt is 100, which belongs to the overcharged customer 20 in the management dimension and the pre-received customer 20 in the financial dimension, so the corresponding 20 yuan needs to be recorded in the customer's pre-receipt, and the subsequent refund can be based on different management policies.
There are different approaches to overcharging the amount in different scenarios: some investors stipulate that they will not be refunded, and some investors will calculate interest according to the current account and support refund/purchase of wealth management products.
If the turnover time is later than the repayment date during the pre-write-off, and the interval is overdue, how to solve the problem?
If the pre-write-off is overdue, the general system will automatically trigger a reminder: first initiate the interest fee postponement, and then write off the adjustment after the due date. Otherwise, the direct write-off will be overdue, which may affect the credit investigation of the People's Bank of China.
This article was originally published by @产品OK on Everyone is a Product Manager and is not allowed to be reproduced without permission
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