Text | Yang Ziqiang
On the side of the Grand Canal, Jiaxing's landmark building three towers, there is a stone workshop of one of the eight views of the South Lake, "Tea Zen Sunset", and the stone pillars on both sides are engraved with a couplet: "Carefully boil tea in front of a bay of water, and say Zen under the three towers."
This couplet is about Su Dongpo in Jiaxing, behind this stone workshop, there is a Longyuan Temple in the old days, also known as the Three Pagoda Temple, according to legend, Su Dongpo once came here to draw water to boil tea, so there is a boiling tea pavilion built in the temple. When the vassal and elegant Qianlong south tour passed here, drank tea in the temple and wrote poems, and did not forget to inscribe the plaque to give the name "Tea Zen Temple" before leaving.
Su Shi was an official in Hangzhou, Huzhou, and Yangzhou, during which he went to Jiaxing many times, and wrote three poems of "Elder Wen of the Three Kingdoms" and "To Xiuzhou to Give Money to Duan Gong'an Road and Send His Brother Huishan Shanren", "And Qian Andao Sends Huijian Tea", "Qian Andao Orders the Singer to Wear the Dao", "Xiuzhou Monk Benying Jingzhaotang", "Dongchan Temple Xiuzhuxuan", "Title Jingde Temple Li Jia Painting Bamboo", "Shangyuan Guoxiangfu Temple Monk Kejiu Room Xiao Ran No Light", "Liu Ling's Tomb", "Fenghe Chen Xianliang" and other poems.
Among these more than ten poems, as many as three are given to "Qian Andao". Qian Andao is his old friend Qian Yi. Qian Yi, the word Andao, Wuxi people, Qingli six years (1046) Jinshi, once served as the Ning Navy Jiedu Push Officer, Gan County, Wucheng County Order, Song Yingzong Zhiping years to the Jin Department of Wailang as the palace in the palace to serve the imperial history of the line, Xining two years (1069) because of opposition to Wang Anshi's new law, was demoted to Quzhou salt tax, Xiuzhou, lived in Jiaxing.
According to the record of "Zhiyuan Jiahe Zhi", when Qian Wei was in Jiaxing, his family was poor and his mother was old, and his life was difficult, and he barely survived by looking for relatives and friends to borrow money, but he was still "happy and unofficial". This open-minded state of mind is somewhat similar to Su Shi. In the fourth year of Xining, Su Shi was demoted to Hangzhou for opposing Prime Minister Wang Anshi's "Qingmiao Law" and was demoted to Hangzhou to serve as a general judge (deputy local administration).
In the sixth year of Xining, Su Shi went to Runzhou on business, passed by Jiaxing, and visited old friends on the way. Qian Yi knew that Su Shi liked to drink tea, and specially sent Su Shi the famous tea "Jiancha" (Jianxi tea in Jianzhou, northern Fujian, known as "Jianxi official tea in the world"), Su Shi wrote a poem "and Qian Andao sent Hui Jiancha" to thank him, and then wrote a poem "To Xiuzhou to give money to Duan Gong'an Road and send his brother Huishan Shanren", the first two sentences of the poem are "The moon is like water by the Mandarin Duck Lake, and the lonely boat rises at night", which has become a famous sentence for chanting Nanhu.
From the web
Su Shi came to Jiaxing many times to meet friends, want to come to make tea with friends is a lot, so in Jiaxing, the old chronicles recorded in the Dongpo water boiling tea pavilion, there are as many as five places, one is the three towers to boil the tea pavilion, "in the county west Jingde Temple of the east meditation hall, Song Su bachelor Shi three times Jiahe water boiling tea place, the descendants built the pavilion to know it, the ruins still exist" (Qing Jiaqing "Jiaxing Mansion Chronicles").
The second is in the steep gate of Benjueke, "Benjue Temple used to have a tea pavilion, for the Dongpo three over the Wen elder tea talk place" (Qing "Puchuan Zhiluo").
The third is in the center of the Mandarin Duck Lake, "the east slope of the three over the Jiahe, every time in the Mandarin Lake to draw water to make tea, the descendants build a pavilion in the center of the lake, the ruins still exist" (Ming Wanli "Xiushui County Chronicles").
The fourth is in the courtyard of the moat tower, "the moat tower, in the southeast pond outside the city····· Many of the famous places in Yingxian are constructed here, and Su Dongpo and Elder Wen have had this tea party" (Qing Guangxu "Jiaxing Mansion Chronicles"). Zhu Yizun has a poem as proof: the horse farm fishing a few sartins, the first rain to disappear the tree is clearer. It is best to make a clump of laurel in the south garden, and draw a mast to cook a tea pavilion. ”
The fifth is the Zhenru Temple on the side of the Zhenru Tower, also known as the Boiling Snow Pavilion." Zhenru Jiaoyuan used to have Qinghui Hall, Caiyun Bridge, Dongpo Tea Pavilion", "Zhenru Temple has Xuefeng Patriarch Well, Changshui Flesh Body Tower, Su Dongpo Cooking Snow Pavilion" (Qing Guangxu "Jiaxing Mansion Chronicles").
These five tea pavilions, naturally do not have to stick to which is real and which is virtual, in short, Su Dongpo in Jiaxing tea friends, interest, Jiaxing water, Jiaxing tea, Su Bachelor very much appreciate and love to drink. Interestingly, no matter which tea pavilion is boiled, the old chronicles say that it is a "tea talk" between Su Dongpo and Elder Wen, and Dongpo has passed Elder Wen three times, which is also a good story that has to be said.
From the web
Elder Wen is an elder of the Honjue Temple in Xiuzhou. Benjue Temple, formerly known as Baoben Zen Temple, is located in Jiaxing Steep Gate, and was built in the middle years of Tang Xuanzong (847-859). There are Li Pavilion in the temple, empty cui pavilion, etc., there are more than ten acres of bamboo around, the "empty cui wind and smoke" of Jiahe eight views refers to this, it is also a famous spot at that time.
Elder Wen's name is no longer examined, and it is said that his name is Wen and Weng, which is to confuse the Sichuan Mianzhou Humanities and Weng, who served as the prefect of Jiaxing during the Song Xianchun period, with Elder Wen. According to "Dongpo Zhilin Fu Seng Huicheng Tour Wuzhong Dynasty Book XII", Elder Wen is "an elder of Xiuzhou Benjue Temple, a famous Jinshi, since the words and words of enlightenment, so far with the pen and inkstone for Buddhism, all and the tour are a literati", it can be seen that this Elder Wen is also a well-educated person, and the famous literati at that time have many contacts, about Su Shi and Elder Wen's interactions, Song Jujian recorded in the "Benjue Zen Monastery Three Passing Hall Records" that Elder Wen is a Shu person, Su Shi "because of the old hometown Tao", and he became friends.
Su Shi's first visit to Elder Wen was in the sixth year of Xining (1073). Su Shi wrote a poem for this purpose, "Xiuzhou Baoben Zen Monastery Elder Abbot", the poem: "In a dream of Wanlijia Mountain, Wu Yin has gradually become a child. The teacher has forgotten that there is a true way, and I have no success except searching for sentences. Next year, I will go to the rooftop of the medicine collection, and I want to write poems all over eastern Zhejiang. "It can be seen that he also has a lot of respect for Elder Wen.
Six years later, in the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was serving as the prefect of Huzhou, and came to visit Elder Wen again, at which time Elder Wen was already sick. According to Su Shi's life, Su Shi went to Huzhou on April 29 of this year to take office, and on July 28, he was framed and went to Yushitai, which is the famous "Wutai Poetry Case", so he passed Elder Wen for the second time in these three months. Su Shi wrote another poem "Night to the door, the past is like yesterday, this body is not dead." The old man is not in love with the soil, and he is not open to be respected by the Tao, but he is lonely and the crane in the old time, and he looks tall when he looks up to see the guest. He expressed his concern for Elder Wen.
By the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), it was ten years later, and Su Shi was serving as the prefect of Hangzhou. He came to visit Elder Wen for the third time, but unfortunately, Elder Wen had died of old illness at this time, Su Shi was very sad, and wrote a poem "Elder Yongle Wen has died", the poem cloud: "The first frightened crane is unrecognizable, and the clouds are nowhere to be found. The east died and saw that there were no tears when he was hungry, and the countryside was unforgettable. If you want to hang Yuanze to Qiantang, Ge Hongchuan waits for the autumn deep. In the poem, he said that he would like to meet with Elder Wen again in the next life and cultivate the Tao together, reflecting the deep friendship between the two.
In the 17 years before and after this, Su Shi passed the elder Wen three times, which became a good story for the ages, and Jiaxing also left a famous spot of "three halls". In the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1195), the abbot of the Baoben Zen Temple, the Shu monk Benjue engraved the three poems in the stone, the seventeenth year of Jiading (1224) and built the "three halls" in the temple, the 12th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1584), the prefect of Jiaxing rebuilt the three halls, built the Dongpo Temple behind the hall, and established the Dongpo portrait stone.
Song Zhangyao also has "Jiahe Baiyong, Three Passages": "The inscription poem is three times over this, Po Lao used to be, and he realized that he became a Zen finger and came to sleep as a monk." ”
It can be seen that in the Southern Song Dynasty, the three halls are already very famous, the great poet Lu You went to Shu in the sixth year of the dry road (1170) to serve as Jiangzhou Tongjiao, on the way to the front of the Benjue Temple, enter the temple to visit and hang, from the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the celebrities of the past dynasties came to the three halls to look for traces, and there is no shortage of people who write poems and songs, according to the book "Buddhist Poetry Threshold Joint Selection", the poets of the past dynasties chanted a total of 108 poems in the three halls, including 2 in the Song Dynasty, 82 in the Ming Dynasty, and 24 in the Qing Dynasty.
Su Shi is funny and open-minded, and the horse coupon stone in the Yanyu Building in Jiaxing records an interesting story between Su Shi and his friends.
In the first year of Yuanyou (1086), when Su Shi served as a bachelor and attendant of the Hanlin Academy, Song Tempzong appreciated him very much, and gave him a good horse jade nose, which was a great grace, and three years later, that is, Su Shi passed the fourth year of the Yuan You of Elder Wen, Song Zhezong gave Su Shi a good horse. But in the south, you generally use a sedan chair to get around, and you don't need two horses. At that time, Su Shi's student Li Dao (Zi Fangquan, one of the "Six Gentlemen of the Song Dynasty") did not have a horse, so in July of the fourth year of Yuan You, Su Shi got a good horse and sold this royal horse, which was not respectful enough for the emperor, so he wrote a coupon as a proof, which of course was not Po's small family, but it was a "Ya Yan" among friends:
In the first year of Yuanyou, he entered the jade hall for the first time, and was blessed with a jade nose, and this year he went out to Hangzhou to dip this gift. The southeast example is shoulder-to-shoulder, and it is enough to get a horse. And Uncle Li Fang didn't have a horse, so he gave it away. I am afraid that Uncle Fang will not get Jiama, and he will inevitably sell this, so he will issue a public note. April 15, 4th year.
Su Shi, Li Ying are contemporary celebrities, this matter for a while for the literary world, Su Zhe, Huang Tingjian successively in Su Shi gave horse coupons to write poems and essays to Ji, and then I don't know when, someone engraved Su Shi's horse coupons on four stone tablets respectively, roughly in the Ming Zhengde period (1506-1521), placed in the Lingguangfang Lu Xuan Gong Ancestral Hall in the Shufang Pavilion, Qing Shunzhi two years (1645), Jiaxing people rose up to resist the Qing Dynasty (that is, "Yi You Soldiers"), the stone was lost, to Shunzhi 11 years by the descendants of the Lu family to visit and return to the Lu Xuan Gong Ancestral Hall.
But then it was separated for some reason, to the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong (1764) before it was found in the stepping stone of the Lu Xuan Gong Ancestral Hall and the residents' homes respectively, and later placed it in the Liuhong Pavilion of Jiaxing County School, Xianfeng ten years (1860) the Taiping Army invaded Jiaxing, the Liuhong Pavilion was destroyed in the fire, and the four stones of the horse coupon were scattered again, and it was found when Xu Yaoguang served as the prefect of Jiaxing during the Tongzhi period, but the coupon stone has been eroded, after the master repaired, the horse coupon stone was placed in the rebuilt Liuhong Pavilion.
In 1931, the Liuhong Pavilion fell into disrepair and collapsed, and another piece of the coupon stone was lost. In 1946, a lost stone was accidentally found again, and the four stones were scattered and reassembled, and they were moved to the Yanyu Building. During the "Cultural Revolution", the stone was interrupted and pushed into the South Lake, and it was not salvaged until 1980, but only three pieces remained, and now the three stones are embedded in the flower wall behind the Qinghui Hall of the Yanyu Building. It can be said that it has gone through calamity and is precious.
Qing Lu Kuixun said in "The Story of the Three Passages": "In ancient times, there were many people who passed it on to people····· From its meritorious qualities, it is enough to win the spirit of the earth, and if the literary style shines through the ages, especially Zizhan Su Gong is the most ······ The name of Gu San's hall, so far, the population, is it not because Lai Su Gong is immortal. ”
In fact, it is not only the three halls, but many famous places in Jiaxing have witnessed Su Shi's great personality and chic demeanor.
[From Jiaxing Literary and Historical Memory.Jiaxing Volume]
--to be continued