Abstract:As the main energy and chemical raw materials in the world today, petroleum is one of the important driving forces to promote industrial and economic development, and occupies an important position and role in the national economy. In recent years, mainland crude oil production has continued to grow, and in 2023, mainland crude oil production will be 209.026 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 2.1%. As one of the important equipment for oil exploitation, deep-sea oil drilling equipment will usher in more development opportunities with the growing demand for crude oil in the domestic market. In this context, the enterprises will further strengthen the ability of technology research and development and innovation, improve product quality and service level, to meet the needs of domestic crude oil production growth and deep-sea oil resource development, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the deep-sea oil drilling equipment industry.
1. Definitions and Classification
The deep-sea oil drilling equipment industry is a field of machinery and equipment manufacturing focusing on oil and gas exploration and exploitation in the deep-sea environment. These devices are primarily used to drill oil and gas in deep-sea environments to meet the global demand for energy. According to the classification of use, deep-sea oil drilling equipment can be divided into deep-water drilling platforms, drilling ships, auxiliary vessels, etc. These equipment play an important role in the exploration and exploitation of deep-sea oil and gas, and in the future, with the continuous progress of technology and the continuous development of deep-sea resources, the deep-sea oil drilling equipment industry will continue to grow and develop.
Second, industry policies
As an important way of crude oil supply in mainland China, in order to further promote the digitalization, intelligence and efficiency of deep-sea oil drilling equipment, in recent years, the state and government departments have successively issued a number of policies to vigorously promote the high-quality development of deep-sea oil drilling equipment and other industries. In March 2023, the National Energy Administration issued the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Energy Digitalization and Intelligence", proposing to accelerate the application of intelligent production technologies and equipment such as intelligent drilling rigs, robots, drones, and intelligent perception systems in scenarios such as petroleum geophysical prospecting, drilling, station inspection and maintenance, and engineering rescue, and promote the intelligent linkage and automatic optimization of the whole process of wells, stations, plants, and equipment at production sites.
3. Industry barriers
1. Technical barriers
Deep-sea drilling technology involves complex marine engineering, mechanical design, automation control, material science and other fields, which has extremely high requirements for technical strength and innovation ability. At present, there is still a certain gap in the mainland's technology research and development in this field, and some key technologies and core equipment still need to rely on imports. At the same time, the particularity and complexity of the deep-sea environment also bring great difficulties to the realization of the technology, such as the extreme conditions of deep-sea high pressure, low temperature, strong corrosion, etc., which put forward higher requirements for equipment performance and materials. Therefore, when developing deep-sea oil drilling equipment, enterprises need to invest a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to break through technical barriers and enhance independent innovation capabilities to achieve efficient, safe and environmentally friendly deep-sea oil drilling.
2. Financial barriers
As the R&D, manufacturing and operation of deep-sea oil drilling equipment involves a large amount of capital investment, including high-end technology research and development, precision equipment procurement, talent training, market research, and a huge fleet and platform required for deep-sea operations, these links require huge financial support. However, at present, the source of funds for the deep-sea oil drilling equipment industry in mainland China is relatively limited, mainly relying on enterprises' own funds and government subsidies. At the same time, investors tend to be cautious due to the high risk of the industry, which makes it difficult to raise funds.
3. Resource barriers
The uneven distribution of deep-sea oil resources and the difference in reserves make enterprises face fierce competition in the competition for deep-sea oil resources. Some regions have abundant deep-sea oil resources, which have become the focus of competition among major enterprises, while others are relatively scarce and difficult to attract investment. In addition, the exploitation and utilization of deep-sea oil resources also need to consider the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development, which further increases the difficulty of resource access. Therefore, the existence of resource barriers limits the expansion of enterprises in the field of deep-sea oil drilling equipment, and also intensifies the competitive pressure in the industry.
Fourth, the development process
The development of the mainland deep-sea oil drilling equipment industry has gone through many stages. Since 2010, the industry has ushered in a stage of rapid development and breakthrough, domestic enterprises have increased technology research and development and innovation, launched a series of equipment with international advanced level, and the market share is gradually expanding. At this stage, although there is still a gap between the mainland deep-sea oil drilling equipment industry and the international advanced level, the industry has certain independent research and development and manufacturing capabilities, and is developing in the direction of higher quality and higher performance.
Fifth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
The upstream raw materials of China's deep-sea oil drilling equipment mainly include special steel, high-end mechanical parts, precision instruments and control systems. These raw materials are essential to ensure the strength, durability and precision of drilling equipment. With the advancement of technology, the performance and quality requirements of raw materials are also constantly improving, promoting the continuous upgrading and optimization of upstream industries. The industrial chain of China's deep-sea oil drilling equipment industry is shown in the figure below:
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