1. Conversion of commonly used units of air conditioning
1. Conversion of length units
英制单位: 英尺ft (feet)、英寸 (inch)
1 in=25.4 mm 1 ft=12 in
1 ft =0.3048 m≈30.5 cm
1 m=3.281 ft
2. Volume flow unit
CMH：cubic meter per hour
CFM：cubic feet per minister
1 CFM = 1.699 CMH
3. The relationship between work and energy
Energy = work × time
1焦耳（j）=1 瓦（w）×1 秒（s）
(1) Energy unit:
National system: J, KJ, British system: cal, kcal
1 j = 0.2388 cal
(2) Power unit:
国制:w、kw;英制:kcal/h(大卡)
1 kcal/h = 1.163 W
1 kW = 860 kcal/h
Customary common units: horsepower (hp), HP, cold tons RT
1 HP = 735 w
1 RT = 3.516 kw =3024 kcal/h
Illustrate:
1. Refrigeration ton: It is an imperial unit of refrigeration capacity.
1 ton of cold is the amount of cold required to freeze 1 ton of 0 °C water into 0 °C ice within 24 hours.
The U.S. is using 2,000 pounds (907.2kg) as a ton. Therefore, 1 US refrigerant ton = 12659 kj/h, i.e., 1 RT = 3.516 kw
2. The relationship between horsepower and refrigeration capacity
In a small air-conditioning project, 1HP refers to the cooling capacity that can be generated by inputting 735W of power into the compressor. It is not the same as the general unit of power. Here 1HP is calculated based on the energy efficiency ratio.
In Japan, it is generally believed that the average energy efficiency ratio of an air conditioner compressor is 3.4, and the cooling capacity generated by inputting 735W of electrical energy is 2500W. Therefore, it can be said that the cooling capacity of 1HP air conditioner is equivalent to the cooling capacity of 2500W. The small 1 horse is generally 2200W, and the large 1 horse is generally 2800W.
Second, the principle of refrigeration
1. Refrigeration principle and classification
The refrigeration technology for air conditioning belongs to the ordinary refrigeration range, which mainly adopts the liquid gasification refrigeration method. (The main use of the liquid gasification process to absorb specific latent heat, and the liquid pressure is different, its boiling point is also different, the lower the pressure, the lower the boiling point.) ）
In addition, according to the different ways of heat transfer from low-temperature objects to high-temperature objects, it can be divided into: vapor compression refrigeration and absorption refrigeration.
For vapor compression refrigeration, its working principle is to make the refrigerant in the compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator and other thermal equipment four main thermal processes, such as compression, heat release, flow connection and heat absorption, to complete the refrigeration cycle.
2. Refrigerant
1) Refrigerant is the working substance of refrigeration cycle in the refrigeration device, and its working principle is that the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the cooled substance in the evaporator and evaporates, and the absorbed heat is transferred to the surrounding air or water in the condenser, and is cooled into a liquid, reciprocating and circulating, and achieving the effect of refrigeration with the help of state changes.
2) Commonly used refrigerants
A、氨(NH3 R717)
The biggest advantage of ammonia is that the refrigeration capacity per unit volume is large, the evaporation pressure and condensation pressure are moderate, and the price is cheap and easy to buy, especially for large refrigeration equipment such as refrigeration and cold storage.
However, the biggest certainty of ammonia is that it has a strong stimulating effect and is harmful to the human body, and the current concentration of ammonia in the air should not be greater than 20mg/m3. Ammonia is combustible, and when the volume percentage of ammonia in the air reaches 16~25%, there is a risk of explosion in case of flames.
B. Freon
Most of the freons themselves are non-toxic, odorless, and non-combustible, and are suitable for air conditioning and refrigeration units in engineering buildings or laboratories. In particular, Freon R22 has been widely used in continental air conditioning and refrigeration units. Its thermodynamic performance is comparable to that of ammonia, and it is safe and reliable, and it is a good refrigerant, but the current price is high, which affects the large-scale promotion and use.
Fatal flaw: greenhouse gases, which have a greenhouse effect value 1,700 times greater than carbon dioxide, and are more dangerous in destroying the ozone layer in the atmosphere.
According to the international Montreal Protocol, R22 will be completely banned in 2020, and developing countries can appropriately extend the total ban on production to 2040.
At present, the internationally unanimously optimistic substitutes for R22 are R407C and R410A. In addition, R12, which is commonly used in automotive refrigeration, is replaced by R134A. At present, in some large and medium-sized projects in China, the owners have clearly requested the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants, such as R407C.
3. Refrigerant
Refrigerant is an intermediate substance, such as the commonly used chilled water for air conditioning, which is cooled in the evaporator and then transported over long distances to cool the object to be cooled.
The commonly used refrigerant is water, which can only be used above 0 °C and when below 0 °C is required. Generally, salt water is used, such as sodium chloride or calcium chloride aqueous solution or aqueous solution of organic compounds such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
4. a compressor
Illustrate:
1) Positive displacement refrigeration compressor compresses the quantitative gas absorbed periodically by changing the volume of the working chamber. Centrifugal compressors rely on centrifugal force to continuously compress the absorbed gas.
2) The rotary refrigeration compressor replaces the reciprocating motion of the piston in the piston compressor by the rotary motion of the rotary body to change the working volume of the cylinder, so as to compress a certain amount of low-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
3) At present, the commonly used compressors mainly include piston compressors, scroll compressors, screw compressors and centrifugal compressors.
Among them, the piston refrigeration compressor is mostly medium-sized (standard refrigeration capacity 60~600KW) and small (less than 60KW), but due to its high noise, low efficiency and easy to fail, it is not much used at present;
Scroll refrigeration compressors are currently mainly used in small refrigeration systems, and are widely used in small systems such as household air conditioners and commercial VRVs.
The screw machine has a series of unique advantages such as simple structure, high reliability, convenient operation and maintenance, and mature technology, and has been widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning and a variety of technological processes;
The centrifugal compressor has a simple and compact structure, few moving parts, reliable work, durable and low operating cost, and is generally suitable for refrigeration systems greater than 500RT, and can achieve stepless adjustment, so that the load of the unit works within the range of 30%~100%.
4) Indicators to evaluate the advancement of energy consumption of refrigeration compressors:
a. Coefficient of performance of refrigeration compressor COP: refrigeration capacity per unit shaft power.
Shaft power (power consumption of the compressor) refers to the power transmitted by the motor to the shaft of the compressor machine, mainly including the power consumed directly for compressed air and the power consumed to overcome the frictional resistance of the moving mechanism.
b. Energy efficiency ratio EER: The refrigeration capacity of the input power of the unit motor.
This indicator takes into account the impact of the efficiency of the drive motor on energy consumption.
5) Common problems of refrigeration compressors
A. "Liquid hammer" of vapor compression refrigerator
When too many liquid beads enter the compressor cylinder, it is difficult to vaporize all of them immediately. At this time, it not only destroys the lubrication of the compressor, but also causes liquid shock, which causes the compressor to be damaged. To prevent such problems, a liquid separator is added to the evaporator outlet (or attached to the evaporator) to separate the gas and liquid and ensure dry compression.
In addition, during the operation of the air conditioner, if the flow meter on the frozen water of the ice machine fails, or is not installed, when the flow of the chilled water is too small, the compressor is still working, the evaporator coil will freeze and break, so that the water will enter the compressor, damage the compressor, and the consequences will be serious.
B. "Surge" of centrifugal compressor
Surge is a characteristic of centrifugal compressors. The main cause of surge is that the condensation pressure is too high or the suction pressure is too low, and the gas flows back and forth.
When the refrigeration capacity of the compressor is adjusted, the load is too small (generally less than 30%), and the surge phenomenon will also occur. Surge not only increases noise and vibration, but also causes high-temperature gases to flow backwards into the compressor, damaging the compressor and refrigeration unit.
5. Schematic diagram of refrigeration system
5.1 Evaporation process
Evaporation process: The evaporation process is carried out in an evaporator. The liquid refrigerant absorbs heat when it evaporates in the evaporator, so that the temperature of the surrounding medium is reduced or maintained at a certain low temperature, so as to achieve the purpose of refrigeration.
The refrigeration capacity of the evaporator mainly depends on the amount of liquid refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator. When the gaseous refrigerant flows through the evaporator, there is no phase change and no refrigeration effect, so the throttling vaporization effect of the capillary should be limited, so that the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator must be a liquid refrigerant.
In addition, the lower the evaporation temperature, the corresponding cooling capacity is also slightly reduced, and the power consumption of the compressor will increase, and the refrigeration coefficient of the cycle will decrease.
5.2 Compression Process
Compression process: The compression process takes place in a compressor, which is a pressurization and heating process. The compressor compresses the low-pressure refrigerant vapor flowing from the evaporator to increase the pressure of the vapor to the condensing pressure corresponding to the condensing temperature, so as to ensure that the refrigerant vapor can be condensed and liquefied at room temperature. When the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor, the temperature also rises.
5.3 Condensation process
Condensation process: The condensation process takes place in a condenser, which is a constant pressure exothermic process. In order for the refrigerant vapor to be reused, the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator is condensed and reduced to a liquid state, and the heat is released to the ambient medium.
The condenser can be divided into cooling section and condensing section according to the working process. The cooling section is near the inlet of the condenser, and the superheated vapor of the high-temperature refrigerant passes through the metal coil and heat sink of the condenser, transferring heat to the surrounding air, and cooling it to become saturated vapor. Near the outlet of the condenser is the condensation section, where the refrigerant is condensed from saturated vapor into saturated liquid, which releases latent heat and transmits it to the surrounding air.
5.4 Throttling process
Throttling process: The throttle valve of a refrigerator is a thin and long capillary. Since the condensation temperature and condensation pressure of the liquid refrigerant obtained by condensation of the condenser are higher than the evaporation temperature and evaporation pressure, it needs to be depressurized and cooled before entering the evaporator.
When the liquid refrigerant passes through the capillary, the depressurization is due to the flow resistance, and is accompanied by a certain degree of heat dissipation and a little vaporization, so the throttling process is a process of depressurization and cooling. The greater the refrigeration dose of throttling vaporization, the less refrigeration capacity will be in the evaporator, so throttling vaporization must be reduced.
6. The basic working principle of the air conditioner
The basic function of an air conditioner is to regulate the temperature and humidity of the air in the room. According to the different uses of the system, air conditioners are divided into process air conditioners and comfort air conditioners. The basic operating conditions of comfort air conditioners are cooling, heating and dehumidification.
6.1 Refrigeration conditions
The air conditioner should constantly transfer the excess heat from the room to the outside to keep the indoor temperature in a low range. It consists of two cycles – the refrigeration cycle and the air cycle.
(1) Refrigeration cycle. The air conditioner adopts the vapor compression refrigeration cycle, which includes four thermal processes: compression, condensation, throttling and evaporation, as shown in the figure below.
After throttling and depressurization, the refrigerant evaporates at medium pressure in the indoor evaporator, absorbs latent heat, and becomes low-temperature and low-pressure vapor, and then compresses it by the compressor to become high-temperature and high-pressure vapor, and finally condenses into liquid in the outdoor condenser to release latent heat. And so on and so forth. The throttling device of small air conditioners is a capillary, and the throttling device of large and medium-sized air conditioners is an expansion valve.
6.2 Air Circulation
Air circulation is to use the electric fan in the machine to force indoor and outdoor air to convection according to a certain route to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger. The air circulation of the air conditioner includes indoor air circulation, outdoor air circulation and fresh air system. The following takes window air conditioners as an example to illustrate these three cycles. The indoor air circulation is shown in the figure below.
The indoor air enters the air conditioner from the return air outlet, passes through the dust filter, enters the indoor evaporator for heat exchange, cools down and then sucks in the centrifugal fan, and finally blows the cold air back to the room through the air supply outlet.
6.3 Heating conditions
There are two ways to heat air conditioners: one is electric heating, that is, the current is heated through the heating wire, and the other is heat pump, that is, the gaseous refrigerant is condensed and released.
In the refrigeration cycle, the condensation process carried out by the condenser is an exothermic process, and the evaporation carried out in the evaporator is an endothermic process, if the indoor side of the evaporator is changed to a condenser, and the outdoor side of the condenser is changed to an evaporator, the air conditioner will change from a cooling state to a heating state, and the heat pump type air conditioner is designed according to this principle, as shown in the figure below.
In the refrigeration system of the air conditioner, an electromagnetic four-way reversing valve is added to switch the flow direction of the high and low pressure refrigerant in the pipeline, so that the air conditioner can not only cool but also heat.
6.4 Dehumidification conditions
When the air conditioner is in the refrigeration condition, the temperature of the surface of the evaporator coil is often lower than the dew point temperature of the air, so when the indoor circulating air flows through the evaporator, the water vapor in the air will condense into water, fall on the water tray, and be discharged outdoor, so that the humidity content of the indoor air is reduced.
Therefore, the air conditioner also has a dehumidification effect during refrigeration operation. However, due to the decrease in the humidity content of indoor air, the decrease in absolute humidity does not mean that the relative humidity also decreases. However, the humidity index that affects the quality of comfort air conditioning is relative humidity rather than absolute humidity, so some air conditioners add independent dehumidification function.
7. Lithium bromide absorption refrigeration
Absorption refrigeration, like vapor compression refrigeration, uses liquid refrigerant to vaporize at low pressure and low temperature to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. The difference is that vapor compression refrigeration transfers heat from a cold object to a high temperature object by consuming mechanical work (or electrical energy), while absorption refrigeration accomplishes this non-spontaneous process by consuming heat energy.
There are two types of absorption chillers commonly used today:
1) Ammonia absorption refrigeration: ammonia is the refrigerant, water is the absorbent, and the refrigeration temperature is +1~-45 °C;
2) Lithium bromide absorption refrigeration: water is the refrigerant, lithium bromide is the absorbent, and the refrigeration temperature is above 0 °C.
Lithium bromide brief introduction: Lithium bromide is a colorless granular crystal and non-toxic. Melting Point: 549 °C, Boiling Point: 1265 °C. Lithium bromide is highly absorbent, and the solubility of lithium bromide in water is 111.2 g/100 g of water at 20 °C.
Schematic diagram of lithium bromide absorption refrigeration
Refrigeration cycle:
The high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is released to the cooling water in the condenser, and after being condensed into a liquid state, it is depressurized and cooled down by a throttling device and enters the evaporator. In the evaporator, the liquid is vaporized into a low-pressure refrigerant vapor, and at the same time absorbs the heat of the cooled medium to produce a refrigeration effect.
Absorption Cycle:
In the absorber, the liquid absorbent absorbs the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant produced by the evaporator to form a refrigerant-absorbent solution, which enters the generator after being pumped by the solution. In the generator, the solution is heated, boiled, and the refrigerant with a low boiling point vaporizes to form a high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, which is separated from the absorbent. The former enters the condenser for liquefaction, and the latter returns to the absorber to absorb the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant again.
3. Overview of common air conditioning systems
1. The basic concept of air conditioning
1.1 Definition of Air Conditioner:
Air conditioning is the abbreviation of air conditioning, which uses equipment and technology to adjust the temperature, humidity, cleanliness and airflow speed of indoor air (or artificial mixed gas) to meet people's comfort requirements for the environment or the process requirements of production for the environment.
The air conditioner that meets the comfort requirements of human beings or other organisms is generally called comfort air conditioning, and the air conditioner that is mainly used to meet the operation requirements of the process and equipment, as well as the comfort requirements of the human body, is generally called the process air conditioner.
1.2 Cooling capacity and heating capacity of air conditioner
1.2.1 Refrigeration capacity: the amount of heat removed by the air conditioner from the space area or room under nominal refrigeration conditions per unit time.
1.2.2 Heating: The heat released by the air conditioner to the space area or room under the nominal heating condition per unit time.
1.3 Three national standards for air conditioners that affect the quality of air conditioning
1. Cooling (heat) capacity
The amount of heat removed from a confined space by an air conditioner in a unit time of refrigeration (hot) operation, the legal unit of measurement W (watts). The national standard stipulates that the actual cooling capacity of the air conditioner should not be less than 95% of the rated cooling capacity.
Input power: the power consumed by the air conditioner when it is running refrigeration (hot) under rated working conditions, in W.
2. Energy efficiency ratio
Also known as the coefficient of performance, it is the unit W/W that reflects the ratio of cooling capacity to cooling power when the air conditioner is running. The national standard stipulates that the standard energy efficiency ratio of 2500W air conditioner is 2.65, and the standard energy efficiency ratio of 2500W up to 4500W air conditioner is 2.70.
3. Noise
The noise generated during the operation of the air decayer is mainly generated by the internal evaporator and the external condenser.
The state stipulates that the noise of the indoor unit of the air conditioner with a cooling capacity of less than 2000W shall not be greater than 45 decibels, and the noise of the outdoor unit shall not be greater than 55 decibels, and the noise of the indoor unit of the 2500W split air conditioner shall not be greater than 48 decibels, and the noise of the outdoor unit shall not be greater than 58 decibels.
2. Classification of air conditioners
According to the different functional requirements, it is divided into comfort air conditioning (household air conditioning and commercial air conditioning) and process air conditioning (clean air conditioning).
2.1 Household air conditioners
According to the different places of use and cooling capacity, it can be divided into: household air conditioners and household central air conditioners.
2.1.1 Household air conditioners
Household air conditioners have window air conditioners and split air conditioners, which are suitable for rooms with small construction area and not very large cooling capacity.
1) Window type: The whole air conditioner as a whole, such as the window unit. The refrigeration range is generally 1800W~5000W.
2) Split: Divide the air conditioner into an indoor part and an outdoor part. Its refrigeration range is generally 1800W~9000W.
1. Window air conditioner
Window air conditioner is a kind of integral air conditioner, which is a representative product of the early stage of the air conditioning industry, with the characteristics of compact structure, small size, light weight, easy installation, etc., and is suitable for use in bedrooms, offices, small computer rooms and other places; Here's what it looks like:
2. Split Air Conditioner:
Split air conditioners are developed on the basis of integral air conditioners and consist of indoor and outdoor units, both of which are connected by cables and pipes. The pipes between the two groups are connected by copper pipe joints, which have the following advantages:
(1) THE COMPRESSOR AND CONDENSER ARE INSTALLED OUTDOORS, FAR AWAY FROM THE ROOM, WHICH REDUCES THE NOISE AND IMPROVES THE ENVIRONMENT, AND ITS NOISE IS ABOUT 20DB LOWER THAN THAT OF THE WINDOW AIR CONDITIONER.
(2) Easy to install and maintain, easy to repair, and disassemble separately for major repair.
(3) The indoor unit occupies a small area, is convenient to arrange, beautiful in appearance, and can be matched with interior decoration.
(4) The heat transfer area and air volume of the condenser are increased, and the heat dissipation conditions are better than those of the window air conditioner.
2.1.2 Home central air conditioning
Family central air conditioning is not only suitable for ordinary family houses of 50~200 square meters, but also suitable for leisure villas with a construction area of 200~500 square meters, and is widely used in modern high-end villas.
(1) Characteristics of home central air conditioning:
1) The whole family meets the comfort conditions, and avoids the human discomfort caused by other split machines such as direct blowing and overcooling and uneven heat and cold in the room;
2) Good decoration, with decoration without any exposed pipelines, the whole system is in a hidden state;
3) Simple operation, automatic operation, no maintenance;
4) The amount of cooling (heating) can be increased and decreased according to the orientation and function of each room;
5) Fresh air and humidification can be added to keep the indoor air fresh and hygienic.
(2) Limitations of household central air conditioning:
1. Layout: design and installation should be combined with decoration to achieve good comfort and decoration effect;
2. Power supply requirements: the electrical load is large, and the circuit load should be considered whether the circuit load is sufficient for old-fashioned housing.
From an aesthetic point of view and the best use of space, the use of central air conditioning makes the interior decoration more flexible and easier to achieve the best decorative effect. Even if you no longer like the original décor and redecorate, the original central air conditioning system can be in harmony with the new decoration with a slight change. Therefore, central air conditioning is called "a one-step and never backward choice".
(3) Types of household central air conditioners:
Commonly used household central air conditioners can be roughly divided into three types: air-cooled duct system, air-cooled cold/hot water system, and multi-connected system.
1) Air-cooled piping system
2) Air-cooled cold/hot water system
Air-cooled cold/hot water systems are widely used, from tens of square meters to thousands of square meters, flat or multi-storey, and the room structure can be simple or complex.
The conveying medium of the unit is usually water. It generates cold/hot water for air conditioning through the outdoor host, which is transported to each terminal device in the room by the pipeline system, and the cold/hot water is exchanged with the indoor air at the terminal device to generate cold/hot air, thereby eliminating the load of room air conditioning.
It is a form of air conditioning system that concentrates the generation of cold/heat and disperses the treatment of individual rooms. The end unit of the cold/hot water unit is usually a fan coil unit.
3) Multi-connected system
The VRV system (VRV system) is a refrigerant air conditioning system, especially suitable for office spaces.
One outdoor unit of the VRV system is capable of transporting refrigerant liquids to several indoor units through pipelines. By controlling the refrigerant circulation volume of the compressor and the refrigerant flow rate into the indoor heat exchanger, the indoor cooling and heating load requirements can be met in a timely manner, and the VRV system has many advantages such as energy saving, comfort and smooth operation, and each room can be adjusted independently, which can meet the needs of different air conditioning loads in different rooms.
It is composed of an indoor unit and an outdoor unit. The outdoor main engine is composed of an outdoor side heat exchanger, compressor and other refrigeration accessories, and the indoor unit is composed of a direct evaporative heat exchanger and a fan.
2.2 Commercial central air conditioning (large central air conditioning)
1. Schematic diagram of commercial central air conditioning
2. Central air-conditioning refrigeration units and large-scale air-conditioning equipment
3. Central air-conditioning terminal equipment
The main categories at the end of the air conditioner:
1) Air conditioning box: generally there are ceiling type, horizontal type and vertical unit
2) Combined air conditioning box, which can have different functional sections according to requirements.
3) Fan coil unit: the main forms are horizontal concealed installation (there are ordinary type and high static pressure), vertical surface-mounted, cassette ceiling, etc.
4. Classification of central air conditioning
Classified according to the cooling form: 1. Water-cooled unit 2. Air-cooled unit
According to the form of energy provided, it is classified: 1, single cooling type 2, cold and warm type
5. The main equipment of the air-conditioning system of the water-cooled unit
Refrigeration host, cooling tower, chilled water pump, cooling water pump, make-up water pump, electronic water treatment instrument or automatic softened water treatment device, water filter, expansion tank, terminal equipment.
6. The main equipment of the air-cooled chiller air-conditioning system
Refrigeration main unit, chilled water pump, make-up water pump, electronic water treatment instrument or automatic softened water treatment device, water filter, expansion tank, terminal equipment.
7. Selection of air-conditioning host
1) Load calculation:
(1) Perform detailed calculations according to the design manual. For specific calculations, please refer to the design manual
(2) Estimation of load per unit area. In actual engineering, it is sometimes required to make a pre-estimate of the air conditioning load of the building in order to estimate the capacity and investment cost, and the unit area load estimation algorithm is often used. The estimated cooling and heating load indicators for various buildings can be shown in the table below.
2) Host selection: According to the calculated total cooling load, select the equipment with reference to the product catalog.
Cooling load budget estimation metrics
| building | Cooling load W/m2 | Resident m2/person | illuminating W/m2 | Supply air volume l/sm2 | ||
| Sensible cooling load | Total cooling load | |||||
| office | Central District | 65 | 95 | 10 | 60 | 5 |
| perimeter | 110 | 160 | 10 | 60 | 6 | |
| Personal office | 160 | 240 | 15 | 60 | 8 | |
| conference room | 185 | 270 | 3 | 60 | 9 | |
| school | classroom | 130 | 190 | 2.5 | 40 | 9 |
| library | 130 | 190 | 6 | 30 | 9 | |
| Cafeteria | 150 | 260 | 1.5 | 30 | 10 | |
| apartment | High-rise, south-facing | 110 | 160 | 10 | 20 | 10 |
| High-rise, north-facing | 80 | 130 | 10 | 20 | 9 | |
| Cinema, City Hall | 110 | 260 | 1 | 20 | 12 | |
| laboratory | 150 | 230 | 10 | 50 | 10 | |
| Libraries, museums | 95 | 150 | 10 | 40 | 8 | |
| hospital | operating room | 110 | 380 | 6 | 20 | 8 |
| Public places | 50 | 150 | 10 | 30 | 8 | |
| Health clinics, clinics | 130 | 200 | 10 | 40 | 10 | |
| Barber room, beauty salon | 110 | 200 | 4 | 50 | 10 | |
| general merchandise store | ground floor | 150 | 250 | 1.5 | 40 | 12 |
| interlayer | 130 | 225 | 2 | 60 | 10 | |
| superstratum | 110 | 200 | 3 | 40 | 8 | |
| pharmacy | 110 | 210 | 3 | 30 | 10 | |
| Retail stores | 110 | 160 | 2.5 | 40 | 10 | |
| Boutiques | 110 | 160 | 5 | 30 | 10 | |
| bar | 130 | 260 | 2 | 15 | 10 | |
| restaurant | 110 | 320 | 2 | 17 | 12 | |
| Restaurant | room | 80 | 130 | 10 | 15 | 7 |
| Public places | 110 | 160 | 10 | 15 | 8 | |
| factory | Dressing room | 150 | 260 | 3.5 | 45 | 9 |
| light industry | 160 | 260 | 15 | 30 | 10 |