2024 technical plan for the prevention and control of major cotton diseases and pests

The main pests and diseases of cotton are cotton bollworm, cotton aphid, cotton blind bug, cotton leaf mite, cotton seedling disease, cotton wilt and so on. In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of cotton diseases and insect pests and ensure the safety of cotton production, this plan is formulated.

1. Prevention and control goals

The rate of major pest control and disposal has reached more than 95%, the coverage rate of green prevention and control has reached more than 45%, the coverage rate of professional prevention and control has reached more than 45%, the overall control effect has reached more than 85%, and the loss rate of pest damage has been controlled within 8%.

2. Prevention and control strategies

In view of the main diseases and insects of cotton in each growth period, the measures of "prevention first, comprehensive control" are adopted to prevent pre-sowing and seedling stage, control damage during the growth period, and protect boll and yield at boll stage. Priority should be given to the use of resistant (tolerant) varieties, seed treatment, ecological regulation, agronomic and biological control technologies, giving full play to the compensating role of cotton itself, and using ecological regulation and natural enemy control to enhance the sustainable and safe damage control ability of cotton fields. The prevention and treatment of pharmaceuticals shall be carried out in accordance with the standards, and biological, low-toxicity and environment-friendly pharmaceuticals shall be preferred, and the drugs shall be used rationally and accurately.

3. Key points of prevention and control

Focus on the prevention and control of cotton aphid, cotton blind bug, cotton bollworm, whitefly, cotton leaf mite, blight, verticillium wilt, seedling disease, and boll disease.

Fourth, prevention and control measures

(1) Sowing period

1. Choose resistant (resistant) varieties of diseases and insects. Choose cotton varieties that are resistant to diseases and insects, drought-resistant, high-yielding and high-quality, and the seed quality meets the relevant national standards. High-quality cotton varieties with good precociousness, easy management, and concentrated boll and flocculation can be selected, such as Lumian 338, Lumian 1131, etc.

2. Seed treatment technology. According to the main species of diseases and insects at the seedling stage, appropriate insecticides, fungicides, plant growth regulators or special seed coating agents are selected for seed coating or recoating. Insecticides can be selected imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, etc., fungicides and plant growth regulators can be selected Bacillus subtilis, amino-oligosaccharides, brassinolide, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, etc.

3. Agronomic measures. Strengthen cultivation management, and promote fitness cultivation technologies such as "autumn ploughing and deep ploughing, salt pressing and moisture, planting and fertilizer simultaneously, fertilizing soil fertility, and high-quality machine sowing". Plots with severe occurrence of wilt and verticillium wilt should be rotated with non-malvaceae crops for more than three years; while carefully preparing the land, the remnants of diseases and insects and weeds should be removed from wasteland, ridges and canals, and the overwintering base of diseases and insects should be reduced.

(2) Seedling stage

1. Ecological regulation and biodiversity utilization technology. Flowering plants such as Cnidium monnieri, zinnia, and cosmos are planted in the ridges or strips around the cotton field to lure and conserve natural enemies, and enhance the control ability of natural enemies against cotton aphids, cotton bollworms, cotton leaf mites, and cotton blind bugs. Corn and hemp strips are planted around the cotton fields in the areas where cotton bollworms are often common, and the adult cotton bollworms are lured to lay eggs and killed intensively. 1~2 meters wide mung beans were planted around the cotton field in the plot where the cotton blind bug occurred to trap and kill the cotton blind bug. Promote the planting of cotton and winter wheat flower arrangement, and protect and utilize natural enemies.

2. Postpone stubble extermination. After wheat is harvested, the straw is placed in the field for 2~3 days, so that the natural enemies can be fully transferred to the cotton plant, and the benefits and damage control will be maintained.

3. Scientific medication

(1) Seedling stage diseases. In order to prevent wilt and verticillium wilt, the "three ditches" (surrounding ditch, horizontal ditch, and box ditch) can be dredged, and the well-rotted organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer can be increased, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be reasonably increased, and the micro fertilizer can be supplemented, and the nitrogen fertilizer can be used as top dressing. Before the onset of the disease or at the first sight of the disease, 2~3 times of continuous medication, with an interval of 10 days, foliar spray combined with spray irrigation roots, can be sprayed with Bacillus subtilis, polyantimycin, amino-oligosaccharides and other agents for control. At the seedling stage, when the rain is sunny and sunny, the soil is loosened in time to increase soil permeability, improve soil temperature, cultivate healthy seedlings and strong seedlings, and reduce the harm of blight.

(2) Insect pests at the seedling stage. Miao aphid, mainly controlled by natural natural enemies, when the rate of 3 true leaves is 5~10%, or when the rate of 4 true leaves is 10~20%, the treatment of pesticides is carried out, and when the rate of leaf curling reaches more than 10%, the whole field can be treated with pesticides, such as flufenamide and dipropionate. When the plant rate of cotton field mites is less than 15%, the central plant is selected and treated, and when it exceeds 15%, the whole field is unified for control, and alkyne mite, bifenthrin and other agents can be selected. Before laying eggs, the adults of the tiger were trapped, and the adult larvae were set up to trap the adults before they lay eggs, and the sexual attractant volatile core and dry moth trap were set to trap the adults to lower the base.

(3) Bud bell period

1. Agronomic measures. Top dressing in stages, re-application of boll fertilizer, appropriate supplemental application of top fertilizer; fine pruning, removal of old leaves, invalid buds and pruned branches, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, reduce the harm of wilt, Verticillium wilt, red leaf stem blight, etc., reduce bud bell shedding; bud boll stage should be watered and drained in time to keep the cotton field free of stagnant water. Timely chemical control, spraying arthromine to control the growth of cotton. Spraying defoliation and ripening agent during the cotton flocculation period, ethephon or thiazuron can be used to make cotton concentrate defoliation and flocculent, which is convenient for cotton picking.

2. Artificially release natural enemies. In the early stage of cotton aphid, 100 calories/mu of heterochromatic ladybug egg cards are placed, 20 eggs per card, released once in 15 days, and released twice in a row, which can control cotton aphid. At the beginning of the peak of cotton bollworm adults, artificial release of yellow red-eyed bee or pine caterpillar red-eyed bee, each time 10,000 bees/mu, 2~3 times per generation, with an interval of 3~5 days, to reduce the amount of cotton bollworm larvae.

3. Insect pheromone inducement. From the beginning of the overwintering generation of cotton bollworm adults to the end of the last generation of adults, cotton fields and surrounding host crop fields use cotton bollworm sexual attractants or food attractants. In early-onset cotton fields with many weeds or adjacent to jujube orchards and forests, install green blind bug sex pheromone boxes to trap and kill adult green blind bugs. 1~2 days before the emergence of the main pests of the family Noctuidae (cotton bollworm, Spodoptera exigua, ground tiger, etc.), the biological food attractant was applied in a continuous piece, dripped in strips, with an interval of 50~80 meters, and the top foliar surface of the whole row of cotton plants was evenly applied to trap and kill the adults.

4. Rational 药

(1) Aphids. When the average amount of aphids in the upper, middle and lower 3 leaves of a single plant is 200~300, the whole field can be controlled, and pymethamidophos, acemethamidophos, thiamethox, perchlorofluorine, etc., can be used to treat other pests. Avoid the use of imidacloprid, carbofuran, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin, and rotate the use of agents with different mechanisms of action.

(2) Cotton bollworm. When the number of 100 young larvae exceeds 10, biological pesticides such as Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrovirus, cotton bollworm karyopolyhedrovirus, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt., prohibited in insect-resistant cotton fields), Stable B. brevis, spinomycin and other biological pesticides are preferred. It is necessary to avoid the use of pyrethroid agents such as cyfluthrin, limit the use of organophosphorus, diamides, and macrolides (use once per season during the cotton growth period), and rotate the use of indoxacarb, lice carica, flubellura and other agents.

(3) Cotton blind bugs. Focus on the prevention and control of early-onset, weeds and early-onset cotton fields adjacent to jujube orchards and forests. When 100 insects measure 5 heads at the bud stage and more than 10 at the flower boll stage, the pesticide control should be applied before 9 a.m. or after 4 p.m. from the edge of the field. Beauveria aeruginosa CQMa421, Halodioxapyr, chloroflufeniprid, etc., can be used to treat aphids, whiteflies, thrips, etc.

(4) Cotton leaf mites. When the spot occurs, or when the rate of mite is less than 15%, the central plant is selected and treated, and when the rate of mite is more than 15%, the whole field is controlled, and the acaricide is used to control the damage, and ethoxazole, cyano-alkyne, avermectin, etc.

(5) Bell disease. Remove empty branches, beat old leaves, remove rotten boll and Spodoptera litura egg masses and bring them out of the field for deep burial treatment, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, reduce field humidity and canopy density, and reduce the number of diseases and insects in the field. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid too much and late application of nitrogen fertilizer to prevent cotton from growing green. In the area where boll disease often occurs, before or in the early stage, focus on spraying prevention with flower buds and young bells, or pre-rain prevention during the bud boll period and timely spraying control after rain, such as trichloroisocyanuric acid, aluminum triethylphosphonate, polyantimycin, etc.

Editor-in-charge: Zhang Di

Reviewer: Li Lijuan