Since the beginning of the new century, Guizhou's literature has been colorful, from the "post-60s" to the "post-80s", outstanding writers have emerged one after another, and they have become a new force in accelerating the construction of a colorful and culturally strong province in Guizhou. The column "Dynamic and Static Literature" recommends the works of Guizhou writers in the form of excerpts. This issue introduces Wang Literature's "Reading Gu Sui Ji" Volume 2-7 - Gentleness and Kindness: Chinese Temperament and Characteristics of Chinese Poetry.
In real life, we sometimes can't help but be angry, or cynical, or grief-stricken, or rejoicing. However, under normal circumstances, we are gentle, quiet and peaceful, and we have been baptized by civilization.
Written by: Wang Wenxue
Excerpt: Dai Dani
Title image: AI
Who said gentleness?
The word "gentleness and generosity" is said to have come from Confucius. Qiyun: "When you enter its country, its teachings can be known." He is also gentle and kind, and "Poetry" is also taught. (The Book of Rites: Commentary)
Confucius meant: The people of a country are gentle and gentle, which is the result of the education of poetry. The reason why poetry can make the people gentle and generous is because poetry itself has a gentle and generous character. Gentle and generous poets write gentle and generous poems, and gentle and generous poems educate gentle and generous people.
The character of the poem, not too cold, not too hot, is warm
Looking at the interpretation of "gentleness and generosity" by ancient and modern scholars, Xu Fuguan's opinion is the most accessible and most in line with the original meaning of Confucius. He believes that gentleness and generosity refer to the feelings that the poet instills in the poem.
The poet turns his gentle and generous feelings into gentle and generous language and rhyme, forming a gentle and generous poetic character.
Not too cold, not too hot, just warm. Wen's feelings are conditioned by the right time, and the feelings of the appropriate time distance that are not far or near are the feelings of Wen who are not too hot and not too cold, which is the basic feeling of creating poems. Wen's feelings are best suited to poetry.
First of all, warm feelings have the characteristics of softness.
Feelings that are too hot are strong characters, and feelings that are too cold are frozen characters. This is not elastic and therefore not attractive, and is an emotion that is not easy to get close to.
The warm feelings between too hot and too cold, elastic, attractive, easy to get close to, are soft feelings.
Secondly, Wen's feelings have the characteristics of generosity.
Generous refers to deep and far-reaching feelings, which are multi-layered and even infinitely multi-layered. Emotions that are too hot and too cold, no matter how tough, often have only one level, and when they break through this level, there is nothing. And gentle feelings are thick feelings that overlap thousands of layers. This kind of affection is like a big magnetic field, and it contains eternal contagion.
In my opinion, this is the most accessible and accurate interpretation of the word "gentleness and generosity" so far.
Gentleness and generosity are virtues and the ideal character of poetry
Gu Sui (master of modern Chinese studies) said: "People and literature must have sentiments. "Those who have attained the Tao with sentiment will be cultivated." ”
As far as the Confucian ideal is concerned, both people and poetry must be gentle and generous, the best state of poetry is gentleness and generosity, and the highest state of human beings is also gentleness and generosity.
In the Gu Sui era, he still insisted on gentleness and generosity "representing the virtues of the Chinese nation", believing that it was not a shame, but a light. Although there is a suspicion of conservatism, it is an insightful opinion. The admiration of gentle poetry and people has led to a general lack of fighting spirit and will to fight among the Chinese. However, gentleness and generosity are indeed "the most humane and humane life".
I think that for the mental or emotional state of human beings, gentleness and generosity are the normal state of life and the ideal state of life, and that emotions that are too hot or too cold are not normal emotions or ideal emotions.
Emotions that are too hot or too cold are emotional imbalances caused by a strong stimulus from some external factor. When the strong stimulation of external factors disappears, the emotion returns to a normal state of gentleness and generosity. Therefore, gentleness and generosity are the normal state of life.
Further, the strong stimulus of external factors, whether it is a stimulus that makes a person happy or a stimulus that makes a person sad, always puts a person in a state of tension, restlessness, and restlessness. However, from the perspective of the instinctive needs of the heart, human beings always prefer a calm and leisurely life, and pursue a leisurely and comfortable emotional state. Therefore, gentleness and generosity are also the ideal state of life.
In real life, we sometimes can't help but be angry, or cynical, or grief-stricken, or rejoicing. However, under normal circumstances, we are gentle, quiet and peaceful, and we have been baptized by civilization. Therefore, gentleness and generosity are also civilized and ideal for human beings.
About the Author
(Reporter: Dai Danni)